Yoido Full Gospel Church

Yoido Full Gospel Church is a Pentecostal church affiliated with the Assemblies of God on Yeouido (Yoi Island) in Seoul, South Korea. With about 480,000 members, it is the largest Pentecostal Christian congregation in South Korea,[1] and the world.[2] Founded by David Yonggi Cho and Choi Ja-shil in 1958, the church is presently led by Young Hoon Lee.[3]

Yoido Full Gospel Church
여의도 순복음 교회
37.5310°N 126.9232°E / 37.5310; 126.9232
LocationYoido Island, Seoul
CountrySouth Korea
DenominationAssemblies of God
ChurchmanshipFull Gospel/Pentecostal
Membership480,000
Weekly attendance200,000 (Seoul only)
WebsiteOfficial website
History
Former namesFull Gospel Central Church (1973–1990)
StatusMegachurch
Founded1973
Founder(s)David Yonggi Cho and Choi Ja-shil
Architecture
Functional statusActive
StyleModern
Specifications
Capacity12,000
Clergy
Senior pastor(s)Young Hoon Lee, in 2008
Pastor(s)526
Yoido Full Gospel Church
Hangul
여의도 순복음 교회
Hanja
汝矣島純福音敎會
Revised RomanizationYeouido Sunbogeum Gyohoe
McCune–ReischauerYŏŭido Sunbogŭm Kyohoe

History

The Yoido Full Gospel Church was founded in 1958 by Pastor David Yonggi Cho and his mother-in-law, Choi Ja-shil, both Assemblies of God pastors.[4][5] On 15 May 1958, a worship service was held in the home of Choi Ja-shil. Apart from the two pastors, only Choi Ja-shil's three daughters (one of whom later married David Yungi Cho) and one elderly woman, who had come in to escape from the rain, attended the first service. The two pastors began a vigorous campaign of knocking on doors, providing spiritual and humanitarian help to the poor, and praying for the sick. Within months, the church had grown to fifty members, too many to accommodate in Choi Ja-shil's living room. Worship services were accordingly moved to a tent pitched in her backyard. As the church continued to grow over the following months and years, the church outgrew one tent after another.

Pastor Cho began preaching on the Three-Fold Blessing (the blessing of the spirit, soul, and body), proclaiming that physical health and financial prosperity are as much a part of God's will for Christians as the salvation of the soul. Inspired by his message of hope and monetary wealth, many previously uncommitted people joined the church, and by the beginning of 1961, membership had grown to a thousand.[6] Having grown too large for its tent, the church purchased its first plot of land, at Seodaemun (서대문).

The Seodaemun Church: 1961–1973

The church's plans for expansion suffered a setback when Pastor Cho was called up for mandatory military service. Fortunately for the church, he was assigned to an American Army base near Seoul, allowing him to continue with his Sunday preaching, with the help of John Hurston, an American missionary. Cho's spell in the army was short, as ill-health required a major operation and a subsequent discharge from the army. Although ill, Cho continued to pastor the church, and on 15 October 1961, an inaugural service was held in the new auditorium that had been built on the plot of land the church had purchased at Seodaemun.[7]It was named the Full Gospel Revival Center.

Church membership continued to grow, reaching three thousand by 1964 and eight thousand by 1968.[8] Cho continued to be plagued by ill health, and he suffered a physical collapse while leading a baptismal service one Sunday.[9] In 1967, Cho decided to restructure the church.[10] Cho divided the city of Seoul into zones, with church members in each zone comprising a "cell" that would meet on a weekday for worship and bible study in the home of a "cell leader." Cell members were encouraged to invite their friends to attend cell meetings to learn about Jesus Christ. Each cell leader was instructed to train an assistant. When cell membership reached a certain number, it would be divided, with about half of its members joining the new cell led by the person who had been the assistant.

Cho believed that women would make ideal cell leaders, having both the time and the desire to make home visits to other members, something that many men, for reasons pertaining to Korean culture as it was at that time, were unwilling to do. His decision to appoint women as cell leaders went against the grain of Korean culture, which at that time was not open to the idea of women leading groups that had male members. He persisted, and the cell concept turned out to be an outstanding success. From 125 cells in 1967, the church has grown to several thousand cells in 2015.[11]

Aside from restructuring as a cell-based church, a Women's Fellowship was started in 1960, followed by a Men's Fellowship in 1963, to enable lay members to serve the church in a wide range of volunteer capacities.

Membership continued to grow rapidly, reaching ten thousand in the early 1970s. Having outgrown its Seodaemun premises, the church began looking for a new place to build.

The Yoido Church: 1973–present

Yeouido (Yoi Island or 여의도), in the middle of the Han River which winds its way through the heart of Seoul, was at that time little more than sand dunes, without even a bridge to connect it to the city of Seoul. Believing that he had heard from God, Cho and the other leaders of the church decided to purchase a plot of land on Yoi Island, directly across from Korea's National Assembly. [12] Economic problems, including the 1973 "oil shock," which led to spiraling inflation and the loss of jobs for many church members, delayed construction of the new auditorium. However, it was finally finished in 1973, hand its inaugural worship service in the auditorium of 12,000 seats was held on 19 August of that year. [13] A month later, Full Gospel Central Church, as it was now known, hosted the 10th Pentecostal World Conference at the Hyochang Stadium. [14]

Membership of Full Gospel Central Church reached fifty thousand by 1977, a figure that doubled in only two years. A special worship service was held to celebrate this milestone, with Demos Shakarian, President of the Full Gospel Businessmen's Fellowship International as the guest speaker.

Beginning in the 1980s, Full Gospel Central Church decided to establish satellite churches throughout the city of Seoul and further afield, as it would not be able to keep on expanding indefinitely.[15] Despite the expansion of the auditorium to seat 12,000 in 1983, seven Sunday services were insufficient to accommodate the entire membership. In 1993, with 700,000 members, the Yoido Full Gospel Church, was the world's largest congregation recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records.[16] Despite the drain of members to the satellite churches, however, new recruits by the mother church — brought in through the vast cell network – have made up for the losses, and membership stood at 780,000 in 2003. The church was renamed Yoido Full Gospel Church in the 1990s. Its founder, Mr David Yonggi Cho, retired as head pastor several times, but the church ran into immediate infighting among the remaining ministers, causing him to come out of retirement, most recently late in 2006. As of 2007, membership stands at 830,000, with seven Sunday services translated into 16 languages.[17]

On 9 January 2009 a Sunday church service was featured in a BBC documentary Around the World in 80 Faiths.

In 2008, Young Hoon Lee became senior pastor.[18] [19]

On 20 February 2014 Pastor Cho and his son (Hee-jun) were convicted of embezzling US$12 million in church funds.[20] The presiding judge once told Cho, "We know that this case is not your problem. You just need to blame it on your son, then you will have no responsibilities," Change wrote, adding that Cho refused, "My son can be unrighteous to me, but I cannot be unrighteous to my son."[21] In June 2016, this incident became a non-prosecution because there was "no suspicion."[22]

In 2020, the Church had 480,000 people in Seoul.[23][24][25]

Ministries of the church

Yoido Full Gospel Church has established many ministries as part of its outreach program, both locally and internationally.[26][27][28] A representative sample of them follows:

  • In March 1973, the Osanri Choi Ja-sil Memorial Fasting Prayer Mountain was founded.[29] It has over 200 prayer grottoes in which people may lock themselves to fast and pray, Prayer Mountain now receives more than a million visitors a year, including some 50,000 foreigners.
  • In November 1976, Church Growth International, an organization dedicated to teaching the principles of evangelism and church growth to pastors all over the world, was established.
  • A ten-story World Evangelical Center, an educational institution attached to the church, was opened on 20 January 1977.
  • A television studio, opened on 31 December 1981, was built to broadcast the worship services both nationally and internationally.
  • The Full Gospel Educational Research Institute, now the International Theological Institute, was created to promote evangelism and theological training.
  • In January 1986, Elim Welfare Town, a facility for the elderly, the young, the homeless, and the unemployed, was set up under the auspices of the church. The latter would be given training and a choice of four occupations. In March of the same year, the church established Hansei University.

Criticism

A pastor from Yoido Full Gospel Church named Seong vandalized the Dharma hall of Donghwasa Temple on 20 August 2012. The pastor was caught on CCTV urinating in the Dharma hall and vandalizing the Buddhist portraits with a permanent marker.[30]

See also

References
  1. "Global Megachurches". Global Megachurches. Hartford Institute for Religion Research . Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  2. Dave Hazzan (29 May 2016). "Why the World's Largest Church Still Worships Its Embezzling Former Leader". Vice. Retrieved 27 January 2020. Today it has 830,000 registered members, making it the largest single church congregation in the world. Every Sunday, between 150,000 and 200,000 congregants visit the church, for one of its seven Sunday services.
  3. "Yoido Full Gospel Church - About Us". Retrieved 4 May 2016.
  4. Randall Herbert Balmer, Encyclopedia of Evangelicalism: Revised and expanded edition, Baylor University Press, USA, 2004, p. 154
  5. Rick Noack and Lazaro Gamio (24 July 2015). "How U.S.-style megachurches are taking over the world, in 5 maps and charts". the Washington Post. Retrieved 14 June 2020. With more than 800,000 members, the Seoul-based community is at the forefront of a global phenomenon. Often located in stadium-like venues, these churches attract at least 2,000 believers every week, and can grow to attract tens of thousands of people.
  6. Detlef Pollack, Gergely Rosta, Religion and Modernity: An International Comparison, Oxford University Press, USA, 2017, p. 339
  7. Denise A. Austin, Jacqueline Grey, and Paul W. Lewis, Asia Pacific Pentecostalism, Brill, Netherlands, 2019, p. 39
  8. Detlef Pollack, Gergely Rosta, Religion and Modernity: An International Comparison, Oxford University Press, USA, 2017, p. 339
  9. Karen Hurston: Growing the World's largest Church. Gospel Pub House (July 1994)
  10. Detlef Pollack, Gergely Rosta, Religion and Modernity: An International Comparison, Oxford University Press, USA, 2017, p. 339
  11. Brian Stiller, Evangelicals Around the World: A Global Handbook for the 21st Century, Thomas Nelson, USA, 2015, p. 333
  12. Stanley D. Brunn, The Changing World Religion Map: Sacred Places, Identities, Practices and Politics, Springer, USA, 2015, p. 2334
  13. Stanley D. Brunn, The Changing World Religion Map: Sacred Places, Identities, Practices and Politics, Springer, USA, 2015, p. 2334
  14. Peter van der Veer, Handbook of Religion and the Asian City: Aspiration and Urbanization in the Twenty-First Century, University of California Press, USA, 2015, p. 339
  15. Brian Stiller, Evangelicals Around the World: A Global Handbook for the 21st Century, Thomas Nelson, USA, 2015, p. 333
  16. Yoido Full Gospel Church, History, fgtv.com, South Korea, retrieved 20 June 2020
  17. "O come all ye faithful". Special Report on Religion and Public Life. The Economist. 3 November 2007. p. 6. Retrieved 5 November 2007.
  18. Allan Anderson, An Introduction to Pentecostalism: Global Charismatic Christianity, Cambridge University Press, UK, 2013, page 152.
  19. Oh Young-jin, (INTERVIEW) Full Gospel Church to build big hospital in North Korea, koreatimes.co.kr, South Korea, 6 July 2018
  20. Moon, Ruth (24 February 2014). "Founder of World's Largest Megachurch Convicted of Embezzling $12 Million". Christianity Today. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
  21. American, Taiwanese Pastors Disclose Insider Details to David Yonggi Cho's Indictment
  22. Christianity Daily, 6 July 2016.
  23. Stephen J. Hunt, Handbook of Megachurches, Brill, Netherlands, 2019, p. 220
  24. Mark A. Lamport, Encyclopedia of Christianity in the Global South, Volume 2, Rowman & Littlefield, USA, 2018, p. 498
  25. Warren Bird, World megachurches, leadnet.org, USA, retrieved 15 February 2020
  26. Yoido Full Gospel Church, Ministries, fgtv.com, South Korea, retrieved 20 June 2020
  27. Karla O. Poewe, Charismatic Christianity as a Global Culture, University of South Carolina Press, USA, 1994, p. 90
  28. Brian Stiller, Evangelicals Around the World: A Global Handbook for the 21st Century, Thomas Nelson, USA, 2015, p. 333
  29. Osanri Choi Ja-sil Memorial Fasting Prayer Mountain
  30. Korean Christians and Protestants continue vandalism acts, Emi Hayakawa, BTN, 6 November 2012
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