ZP4

Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 4, ZP-4 or avilesine, named after its discoverer Manuel Avilés Sánchez[3]is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZP4 gene.[4][5]

ZP4
Identifiers
Aliases	ZP4, ZBP, ZP1, ZPB, Zp-4, zona pellucida glycoprotein 4
External IDs	OMIM: 613514 HomoloGene: 49661 GeneCards: ZP4
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human)[1] Band 1q43 Start 237,877,864 bp[1] End 237,890,922 bp[1]
Gene ontology Molecular function • acrosin binding • identical protein binding • GO:0001948 protein binding Cellular component • cell membrane • membrane • integral component of membrane • extracellular region Biological process • binding of sperm to zona pellucida • negative regulation of binding of sperm to zona pellucida • positive regulation of humoral immune response • positive regulation of T cell proliferation • positive regulation of acrosome reaction • acrosomal vesicle exocytosis • single fertilization Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	57829	n/a
Ensembl	ENSG00000116996	n/a
UniProt	Q12836	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_021186	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	NP_067009	n/a
Location (UCSC)	Chr 1: 237.88 – 237.89 Mb	n/a
PubMed search	[2]	n/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Function

The zona pellucida is an extracellular matrix that surrounds the oocyte and early embryo. It is composed primarily of three or four glycoproteins with various functions during fertilization and preimplantation development. The nascent protein contains a N-terminal signal peptide sequence, a conserved zona pellucida-like domain, a consensus furin cleavage site, and a C-terminal transmembrane domain. It is hypothesized that furin cleavage results in release of the mature protein from the plasma membrane for subsequent incorporation into the zona pellucida matrix. However, the requirement for furin cleavage in this process remains controversial based on mouse studies.

Previously, this gene has been referred to as ZP1 or ZPB and thought to have similar functions as mouse Zp1.[6] However, a human gene with higher similarity and chromosomal synteny to mouse Zp1 has been assigned the symbol ZP1 and this gene has been assigned the symbol ZP4.[5]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000116996 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
3. Avilés M, Moros C, García-Vázquez FA, Gimeno L, Torrecillas A, Aliaga C, Bernardo-Pisa MV, Ballesta J, Izquierdo-Rico MJ. (April 2015). "Four glycoproteins are expressed in the cat zona pellucida". Theriogenology. 83 (7): 1162–73. doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.12.019. PMID 25623231.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
4. Harris JD, Hibler DW, Fontenot GK, Hsu KT, Yurewicz EC, Sacco AG (Mar 1995). "Cloning and characterization of zona pellucida genes and cDNAs from a variety of mammalian species: the ZPA, ZPB and ZPC gene families". DNA Sequence. 4 (6): 361–93. doi:10.3109/10425179409010186. PMID 7841460.
5. "Entrez Gene: ZP4 zona pellucida glycoprotein 4".
6. Conner SJ, Lefièvre L, Hughes DC, Barratt CL (May 2005). "Cracking the egg: increased complexity in the zona pellucida". Human Reproduction. 20 (5): 1148–52. doi:10.1093/humrep/deh835. PMID 15760956.

Further reading

• Rankin T, Dean J (May 2000). "The zona pellucida: using molecular genetics to study the mammalian egg coat". Reviews of Reproduction. 5 (2): 114–21. doi:10.1530/ror.0.0050114. PMID 10864856.
• Eberspaecher U, Becker A, Bringmann P, van der Merwe L, Donner P (Feb 2001). "Immunohistochemical localization of zona pellucida proteins ZPA, ZPB and ZPC in human, cynomolgus monkey and mouse ovaries". Cell and Tissue Research. 303 (2): 277–87. doi:10.1007/s004410000287. PMID 11291774. S2CID 20736190.
• Kiefer SM, Saling P (Feb 2002). "Proteolytic processing of human zona pellucida proteins". Biology of Reproduction. 66 (2): 407–14. doi:10.1095/biolreprod66.2.407. PMID 11804956.
• Qi H, Williams Z, Wassarman PM (Feb 2002). "Secretion and assembly of zona pellucida glycoproteins by growing mouse oocytes microinjected with epitope-tagged cDNAs for mZP2 and mZP3". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 13 (2): 530–41. doi:10.1091/mbc.01-09-0440. PMC 65647. PMID 11854410.
• Zhao M, Gold L, Ginsberg AM, Liang LF, Dean J (May 2002). "Conserved furin cleavage site not essential for secretion and integration of ZP3 into the extracellular egg coat of transgenic mice". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 22 (9): 3111–20. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.9.3111-3120.2002. PMC 133755. PMID 11940668.
• Lefièvre L, Conner SJ, Salpekar A, Olufowobi O, Ashton P, Pavlovic B, Lenton W, Afnan M, Brewis IA, Monk M, Hughes DC, Barratt CL (Jul 2004). "Four zona pellucida glycoproteins are expressed in the human". Human Reproduction. 19 (7): 1580–6. doi:10.1093/humrep/deh301. PMID 15142998.
• Chakravarty S, Suraj K, Gupta SK (May 2005). "Baculovirus-expressed recombinant human zona pellucida glycoprotein-B induces acrosomal exocytosis in capacitated spermatozoa in addition to zona pellucida glycoprotein-C". Molecular Human Reproduction. 11 (5): 365–72. doi:10.1093/molehr/gah165. PMID 15805145.
• Furlong LI, Harris JD, Vazquez-Levin MH (Jun 2005). "Binding of recombinant human proacrosin/acrosin to zona pellucida (ZP) glycoproteins. I. Studies with recombinant human ZPA, ZPB, and ZPC". Fertility and Sterility. 83 (6): 1780–90. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.12.042. PMID 15950651.
• Caballero-Campo P, Chirinos M, Fan XJ, González-González ME, Galicia-Chavarría M, Larrea F, Gerton GL (Apr 2006). "Biological effects of recombinant human zona pellucida proteins on sperm function". Biology of Reproduction. 74 (4): 760–8. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.105.047522. PMID 16407501.