1180s

The 1180s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1180, and ended on December 31, 1189.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	11th century 12th century 13th century
Decades:	1160s 1170s 1180s 1190s 1200s
Years:	1180 1181 1182 1183 1184 1185 1186 1187 1188 1189
Categories:	Births Deaths By country By topic Establishments Disestablishments

Events

1180

By place

Byzantine Empire

• September 24 – Emperor Manuel I (Komnenos) dies after a 37-year reign at Constantinople. He is succeeded by his 11-year-old son Alexios II – who will reign briefly as ruler of the Byzantine Empire with his mother, Maria of Antioch as regent (until 1183). Maria takes as her advisor and lover, Alexios Komnenos, a nephew of Manuel, causing a scandal among the Byzantine population.[1]

Europe

• January 13 – Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony, loses his Saxon and Bavarian duchies and all his imperial fiefs at an Imperial Diet in Würzburg for having breached the king's peace. Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) issues the Gelnhausen Charter on April 13. He breaks up Henry's former domain; one part of Saxony has renamed the Duchy of Westphalia, and other parts are given to his ally Otto I (the Redhead), duke of Bavaria.
• Portsmouth is founded by Anglo-Norman merchant Jean de Gisors.
• September 18 – King Louis VII (the Younger) dies after a 43-year reign at Paris. He is succeeded by his 15-year-old son Philip II, who becomes sole ruler of France (until 1223).
• The Portuguese admiral D. Fuas Roupinho wins a second victory in two years, against the Almohad fleet.[2]
• The assembly traditionally regarded as the first Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland convenes at Łęczyca (approximate date).

Levant

• Summer – King Baldwin IV (the Leper) sends messengers to Saladin with proposals of a peace treaty. Because of a terrible drought, the whole of Syria is faced with famine. Saladin agrees to a two-years' truce. Raymond of Tripoli denounces the truce, but is compelled to accept after an Ayyubid fleet raids the port of Tartus.[3]
• Saladin intervenes in a quarrel between the Zangids of Mosul and the Artuqids. He convinces the Seljuks of the Sultanate of Rum not to interfere and raids Cilician Armenia.[4]
• Baldwin IV marries his sister Sibylla to Guy of Lusignan, brother of the constable Amalric of Lusignan, and enfeoffed him with the County of Jaffa and Ascalon.[5]

Asia

• March 18 – Emperor Takakura is forced to abdicate by Taira no Kiyomori after a 12-year reign. He is succeeded by his 2-year-old son Antoku as emperor of Japan (until 1185). Kiyomori rules in his name as regent.
• Genpei War: Prince Mochihito begins a revolt against the Taira clan. In support, Minamoto no Yorimasa sends out a call for aid, and to the monasteries (Enryaku-ji, Mii-dera and others) that Kiyomori has offended.[6]
• June 20 – Battle of Uji: Mochihito and Minamoto no Yorimasa went into hiding in the Byōdō-in Temple. There, they seek help from the warrior monks to join the battle but are defeated and killed by the Taira forces.
• September 14 – Battle of Ishibashiyama: Taira forces (3,000 men) under Ōba Kagechika defeat Minamoto no Yoritomo during a night attack near Mount Fuji (modern-day Odawara) but he flees by sea to Chiba.[7]
• November 10 – Battle of Fujigawa: Minamoto forces (30,000 men) under Minamoto no Yoritomo defeat Taira no Koremori during a night attack near the Fuji River but he escapes safely with the routed army.[8]

By topic

Culture

• Alexander Neckam becomes a lecturer in Paris, and writes De Natura Rerum, an early mention of chess (approximate date).

Demography

• Hangzhou, capital of Southern Song China, becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Fez in the Almohad Caliphate.[9]

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Significant people

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References

1. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 347–348. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
2. Picard, Christophe (1997). La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
3. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 343. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
4. David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Command 12 - Saladin, p. 24. ISBN 978-1-84908-317-1.
5. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 346. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
6. Sansom, George (1958). A History of Japan to 1334. Stanford University Press. pp. 277–281. ISBN 0804705232.
7. Turnbull, Stephen (1998). The Samurai Sourcebook. Cassell & Co. p. 200. ISBN 1854095234.
8. Turnbull, Stephen (1977). The Samurai, A Military History. MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc. p. 53. ISBN 0026205408.
9. Geography at about.com