1278

1278 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1278; MCCLXXVIII
Ab urbe condita	2031
Armenian calendar	727; ԹՎ ՉԻԷ
Assyrian calendar	6028
Balinese saka calendar	1199–1200
Bengali calendar	685
Berber calendar	2228
English Regnal year	6 Edw. 1 – 7 Edw. 1
Buddhist calendar	1822
Burmese calendar	640
Byzantine calendar	6786–6787
Chinese calendar	丁丑年 (Fire Ox); 3974 or 3914; — to —; 戊寅年 (Earth Tiger); 3975 or 3915
Coptic calendar	994–995
Discordian calendar	2444
Ethiopian calendar	1270–1271
Hebrew calendar	5038–5039
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1334–1335
- Shaka Samvat	1199–1200
- Kali Yuga	4378–4379
Holocene calendar	11278
Igbo calendar	278–279
Iranian calendar	656–657
Islamic calendar	676–677
Japanese calendar	Kenji 4 / Kōan 1; (弘安元年)
Javanese calendar	1188–1189
Julian calendar	1278; MCCLXXVIII
Korean calendar	3611
Minguo calendar	634 before ROC; 民前634年
Nanakshahi calendar	−190
Thai solar calendar	1820–1821
Tibetan calendar	阴火牛年; (female Fire-Ox); 1404 or 1023 or 251; — to —; 阳土虎年; (male Earth-Tiger); 1405 or 1024 or 252

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	12th century; 13th century ; 14th century;
Decades:	1250s; 1260s; 1270s; 1280s; 1290s;
Years:	1275; 1276; 1277; 1278; 1279; 1280; 1281;

Year 1278 (MCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

February – The Japanese era Kenji ends, and the Kōan era begins.
May 8 – Emperor Duanzong of Song China dies of illness, and is succeeded by his brother Zhao Bing, who becomes Emperor Huaizong of Song. Meanwhile, armed forces under the control of Mongol leader Kublai Khan draw closer to the remnants of the Song imperial court. A year later, at the Battle of Yamen, the Song Dynasty will cease to exist, becoming incorporated into the Yuan Dynasty of China.
November 8 – Trần Thánh Tông, the second emperor of Vietnam's Trần dynasty, takes up the post of Retired Emperor, but continues for eleven years to co-rule with his son Trần Khâm.

January – Charles of Anjou is crowned King of Jerusalem, and is acknowledged by the kingdom's barons at Acre.[1]
May 1 – William II of Villehardouin, Prince of Achaea, dies. By the terms of the Treaty of Viterbo, his lands pass under the direct control of Charles of Anjou.[1]
August 5 – King Alfonso X of Castile begins the Siege of Algeciras (at this time under the control of Morocco), the first of many the city will suffer during the Spanish Reconquista. He will be forced to abandon it about a year later.
August 26 – Battle on the Marchfeld at Dürnkrut and Jedenspeigen: Kings Rudolf I of Germany and Ladislaus IV of Hungary defeat King Ottokar II of Bohemia, in a match of over 80,000 men and the largest battle of knights in the Middle Ages. The battle ends a power struggle between Rudolph and Otakar over the fate of central Europe, and Rudolf's House of Habsburg will continue to rule Austria and other captured territories, until the end of World War I in 1918.
September 8 – The independence, boundaries, and political structure of Andorra are agreed to by the Catalan Bishop of Urgell and the Count of Foix.
September 29 – Peter III of Aragon takes the Muslim stronghold of Montesa, putting an end to two years of Mudéjar rebellion. The defeated Muslims are expelled from the realm, and go into exile.[2]
The so-called War of the Cow, which had begun in 1275 in what will become Wallonia, ends.

The earliest known written copy of the Avesta, a collection of ancient sacred Persian Zoroastrian texts previously passed down orally, is produced.

Giles of Lessines writes his De usuris. He estimates that some credit contracts need not to be usurious, as "future things are not estimated to be of such value as those collected in the instant". The prevalence of this view in the usury debate allows for the development of the financial industry in Roman Catholic Europe.[3]

Lock, Peter (2013). The Routledge Companion to the Crusades. Routledge. p. 119. ISBN 9781135131371.
de Epalza, Miguel (1999). Negotiating cultures: bilingual surrender treaties in Muslim-Crusader Spain under James the Conqueror. Brill. p. 120. ISBN 90-04-11244-8.
Munro, John H. (2003). "The Medieval Origins of the Financial Revolution". The International History Review. 15 (3): 506–562.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

1278 by topic
Leaders
Political entities State leaders Religious leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Art and literature
1278 in poetry