1915 uprising in Karbala
The 1915 uprising in Karbala was an Arab uprising against the Ottoman Empire that took place in June 1915.
1915 uprising in Karbala | |||||||||
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Part of the Mesopotamian Campaign | |||||||||
Aerial view of Karbala, 1918 | |||||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||||
Bani Hasan rebels |
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Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
No centralized leadership |
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Background
Earlier, the Ottoman’s defeat in the Battle of Shaiba had damaged the authority of the Ottomans in the eyes of the Arabs,[1] and this was exacerbated by the successful ousting of the Ottomans in an uprising in Najaf, which showed the residents of Karbala the potency of a revolt, which they were willing to participate in since the Ottomans had been plundering food, money, and possessions from Karbalans to support the war effort.[2] Emissaries from Najaf had also begun encouraging an uprising in Karbala.[3]
Uprising
The uprising began on 27 June 1915,[4] when the Bani Hasan tribe attacked government buildings in Karbala.[5] The rebel tribesmen, lacking any centralized leadership,[2] burned municipal buildings, government schools, a hospital, and 200 dwellings in the suburbs, most of them belonging to Persians living and trading in the Arab community.[4] Charles R. H. Tripp notes that although the uprising was anti-Ottoman in a broad sense, it was not in support of the British war effort and instead intended to grant the city higher administrative autonomy.[6] The uprising ended with an Ottoman withdrawal, securing a rebel victory and Karbala's independence from the Ottoman Empire.[5]
Aftermath
After becoming independent from the Ottoman Empire, Karbala turned into a place of refuge for Ottoman deserters.[5] However, Karbala suffered from a lack of centralized leadership, and was unable to establish contact with the British forces to the south due to tribes still loyal to the Ottoman Empire separating them.[5] The Ottoman Empire re-established control of Karbala in 1916 following their victory in the Siege of Kut.[5]
See also
References
- Charles Townsend, Desert Hell, The British Invasion of Mesopotamia (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2010), 90-91.
- "27 June 1915 - Karbala". The Great War Blog. 2015-06-27. Archived from the original on 22 September 2015. Retrieved 2019-11-19.
- Kramer, Martin; Bakhash, Shaul; Bailey, Clinton; Fischer, Michael M. J. (2019-05-28). "Chapter 7 - The Iraqi Shi'is and their fate". Shi'ism, Resistance, And Revolution. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-31143-3.
emissaries from Najaf encouraged similar rebellions in Karbala and nearby Hilla, also predominantly Shi'i.
- Rogan, Eugene (2015-02-26). "Chapter 9 - The Invasion of Mesopotamia". The Fall of the Ottomans: The Great War in the Middle East, 1914-1920. Penguin Books Limited. ISBN 978-0-14-196870-4.
- Tauber, Eliezer (2014-03-05). The Arab Movements in World War I. Routledge. p. 30. ISBN 9781135199784.
- Tripp, Charles; Tripp, Professor of Middle East Politics Charles (2002-05-27). A History of Iraq. Cambridge University Press. p. 33. ISBN 9780521529006.