1928 St Ives by-election

The St Ives by-election, 1928 was a by-election held on 6 March 1928 for the British House of Commons constituency of St Ives in Cornwall.

1928 St Ives by-election
6 March 1928
 
Candidate Runciman Caird Hopkins
Party Liberal Unionist Labour
Popular vote 10,241 9,478 4,343
Percentage 42.6 39.4 18.0
MP before election

Anthony Hawke
Unionist

 Subsequent MP

Walter Runciman
Liberal

Vacancy

The by-election was caused by the resignation of the sitting Unionist Party Member of Parliament (MP) Anthony Hawke on his appointment to be a High Court judge.

Electoral history

Hawke had first won the seat at the 1922 general election. He lost it to the Liberal candidate Sir Clifford Cory at the 1923 general election when there was also a Labour candidate in the field but won it back from Cory in a straight fight in 1924.

General Election 1924: St Ives[1]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist Anthony Hawke 11,159 53.0 +12.4
Liberal Clifford Cory 9,912 47.0 +0.5
Majority 1,247 6.0 11.9
Turnout 21,071 69.1 -2.3
Unionist gain from Liberal Swing +4.6

Candidates

Campaign

The by-election was a three-cornered contest, though given the electoral history of the seat it was always regarded as a two-horse race between Unionist and Liberal.

The circumstances in which Mrs Runciman came to be selected as Liberal candidate were an issue in the by-election. Her husband, Walter Runciman who was Liberal MP for Swansea West had decided to transfer from Swansea to St Ives at the next general election. When the by-election was caused by Hawke’s resignation, Mrs Runciman was adopted as Liberal candidate to keep the seat warm for her husband. This attracted Tory derision.[3] Apparently Liberal party leader David Lloyd George did not approve of Mrs Runciman’s candidacy and he sent no message of support for her during the by-election. However, Deputy Leader Sir Herbert Samuel did travel to the constituency to speak on her behalf.[4]

Result

The result was a victory for Mrs Runciman, who overturned Hawke’s majority of 1,247 to win by a majority of 763 votes.

St Ives by-election, 1928[5]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Hilda Runciman 10,241 42.6 -4.4
Unionist Andrew Caird 9,478 39.4 -13.6
Labour Frederick Jesse Hopkins 4,343 18.0 New
Majority 763 3.2 N/A
Turnout 24,062 77.4 +8.3
Liberal gain from Unionist Swing +4.6

Runciman was the third woman parliamentary candidate ever to be elected for the Liberal Party, after Margaret Wintringham and Vera Terrington. On election she joined her husband in the House of Commons, the first married couple to sit in the House together.[6]

Aftermath

Runciman duly stood down in her husband’s favour at the 1929 general election and he held the seat for the Liberal Party, again defeating Caird.

General Election 1929: St Ives[7]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Walter Runciman 12,433 43.2 +0.6
Unionist Andrew Caird 11,411 39.7 +0.3
Labour W E Arnold-Forster 4,920 17.1 -0.9
Majority 1,032 3.5 +0.3
Turnout 28,764 76.5 -0.9
Liberal hold Swing +0.15

Runciman sought re-election at the General Election of 1929 at the Unionist held seat of Tavistock, but finished second. Hopkins also moved to contest Penryn & Falmouth and again finished third.

This was seen as one of the two ‘warming pan’ by-elections in the 1924-1929 Parliament, with Hugh Dalton's wife successfully contested the 1929 Bishop Auckland by-election with her husband contesting it at the 1929 general election.[8]

References
  1. British parliamentary election results 1918-1949, Craig
  2. The Times, 17 December 1956
  3. Roy Douglas, Liberals: The History of the Liberal and Liberal Democrat Parties; Hambledon and London, 2005 p215
  4. Pamela Brookes, Women at Westminster; Peter Davies Publishing, 1967 p65
  5. British parliamentary election results 1918-1949, Craig
  6. Brookes, op cit p65
  7. British parliamentary election results 1918-1949, Craig
  8. Brookes, op cit p65-66
  • Craig, F. W. S. (1969) [1969]. British parliamentary election results 1918-1949 (1st ed.). Glasgow: Parliamentary Research Services. ISBN 0-900178-01-9.
  • Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages

See also
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