1932 Burmese general election

General elections were held in Burma on 9 November 1932,[1] having originally been planned for 29 October.[2] The election was held almost solely on the issue of whether Burma should separate from India,[3] as the British government had indicated that it would take the outcome of the elections as an indication of Burmese opinion.[4] Prior to the elections many of the major parties joined either the Anti-Separation League or the Separation League.

1932 Burmese general election
9 November 1932
80 seats in the Legislative Council
45 seats needed for a majority
 
Leader Ba Maw U Ba Pe
Alliance Anti-Separation League Separation League
Seats won 39 29
Popular vote 415,000 250,000
Viceroy before election

The Marquess of Linlithgow

 Chief Minister

Ba Maw
Anti-Separation League

Myanmar
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Despite expectations that the separationists would win,[3][1] the Anti-Separation League won a majority of seats. However, the anti-separationists were not in favour of maintaining the union with India, but instead called for a better constitution for a separate Burma.[5] They rejected the constitution proposed by the Prime Minister following the Burma Round-Table Conference, but also rejected the permanent federation with India, and declared they would enter the Indian Federation, but with the right to withdraw.[6]

Campaign

A total of 207 candidates contested the elections;[1] The People's Party headed by U Ba Pe, part of the Separation League, put forward 54, whilst the Independent Party of Joseph Augustus Maung Gyi had 49.[1] Within the Anti-Separation League, the Mawmyintbye Party of Ba Maw and the party led by Chit Hlaing participated in the elections.[7][8]

The Anti-Separation League was well-funded by Indian commercial interests concerned about potential separation, and was backed by Buddhist monks,[9] who the Separation League sought to ban from politics.[4] By contrast, the Separation League was poorly-funded and had little widespread support.[4]

Results

Within the Anti-Separation League the Mawmyintbye Party won the most seats, whilst the People's Party emerged as the largest within the Separation League.[7] The Times noted that the surprise defeat of the separationists was caused by "wild stories" that the country would become a "white man's paradise and home to the British unemployed, that taxation would be heavily increased, even dogs and poultry would be taxed; and that the Buddhist religion would be ruined".[5]

Party Votes % Seats
Anti-Separation League415,00042
Separation League250,00029
Neutrals9
Total80
Source: Haruhiro Fukui[10]

References
  1. "Separation Issue In Burma To-Day's Election": The Times, 9 November 1932, p11, Issue 46286
  2. "Burmese Election In October: Separation Finance", The Times, 9 August 1932, p9, Issue 46207
  3. "Separation Issue In Burma Buddhist Monk's Appeal", The Times, 10 September 1932, p9, Issue 46235
  4. Haruhiro Fukui (1985) Political parties of Asia and the Pacific, Greenwood Press, p148
  5. "Burma Election: An Anti-Separation Majority", The Times, 16 November 1932, p14, Issue 46292
  6. "The New Constitution: Separation from India", The Times, 20 April 1937, p36, Issue 47663
  7. "Burmese Election Anti-Separationists Decline Office", The Times, 18 November 1932, p13, Issue 46294
  8. "Deadlock In Burma Office Declined By Parties", The Times, 19 November 1932, p9; Issue 46295
  9. Fukui, pp113–114
  10. Fukui, pp106–154
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