1945 Pacific typhoon season

The 1945 Pacific typhoon season was the first official season to be included in the West Pacific typhoon database. It has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1945, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

1945 Pacific typhoon season
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formedApril 19, 1945
Last system dissipatedDecember 2, 1945
Strongest storm
NameIda
 • Maximum winds130 km/h (80 mph)
(1-minute sustained)
 • Lowest pressure916 hPa (mbar)
Seasonal statistics
Total storms26
Typhoons13
Super typhoons0 (unofficial)
Total fatalities>3,798
Total damageUnknown
Related articles

The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the international date line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1945 Pacific hurricane season. Predecessor agency to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), Fleet Weather Center/Typhoon Tracking Center was established on the island of Guam in June 1945, after multiple typhoons, including Typhoon Cobra in the previous season and Typhoon Connie in this season, had caused a significant loss of men and ships.[1][2] It would not take major responsibility in the West Pacific basin until 1950 season.[1] Instead, storms in this season are identified and named by the United States Armed Services, and these names are taken from the list that USAS publicly adopted before this season had started earlier this year.[3][4] Since this is the first season to be included in the West Pacific typhoon database, this would also be the first season where the names of Western Pacific tropical cyclones are preserved publicly.

Systems

Tropical Storm Ann
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationApril 19 – April 26
Peak intensity95 km/h (60 mph) (1-min)  995 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Ann was the first storm of the 1945 Pacific typhoon season and was formed on April 19. The storm made no landfall. It dissipated on April 26.

Tropical Storm Betty
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationMay 13 – May 16
Peak intensity100 km/h (65 mph) (1-min)  994 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Betty formed on May 13, 1945, and began to move in a northeastern direction. It strengthened into a tropical storm only 18 hours later, and continued on its path. However, the storm eventually moved further north, and into colder waters. Betty weakened into a tropical depression and dissipated on May 16th, having not threatened land at all.

Typhoon Connie
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationJune 1 – June 7
Peak intensity130 km/h (80 mph) (1-min)  980 hPa (mbar)

A small, yet powerful typhoon, Connie, was first spotted on June 1 by the Weather Central Guam, moving northeast. Winds were reported to have been as high as 140 mph. But by June 7, it began to weaken. Its final fate is unknown. The U.S. Navy's Third Fleet was hit by Connie. The same fleet had previously been hit, with great loss of life, by Cobra, in late last year. Connie being lesser, only one officer and five USN men were lost or killed because of Connie, and around 150 airplanes on its carriers were either lost or damaged.

Tropical Storm Doris
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJune 18 – June 21
Peak intensity85 km/h (50 mph) (1-min)  997 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Doris existed from June 18 to June 21 and did not make landfall.

Tropical Storm Nancy
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 3 – July 8
Peak intensity95 km/h (60 mph) (1-min)  992 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Nancy formed on July 3 to the east of Vietnam. It started to move in a northeast direction before shifting its course to the northwest until it eventually made landfall near Hongkong as a tropical storm. It rapidly weakened over land and dissipated on June 8. The damage is unknown.

Typhoon Opal
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 14 – July 22
Peak intensity120 km/h (75 mph) (1-min)  986 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Peggy
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 22 – July 23
Peak intensity65 km/h (40 mph) (1-min)  998 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Edna
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 27 – July 29
Peak intensity75 km/h (45 mph) (1-min)  995 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Eva
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 30 – August 4
Peak intensity150 km/h (90 mph) (1-min)  978 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Queenie
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 5 – August 9
Peak intensity150 km/h (90 mph) (1-min)  978 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Frances
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 9 – August 13
Peak intensity95 km/h (60 mph) (1-min)  992 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Grace
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 15 – August 22
Peak intensity110 km/h (70 mph) (1-min)  985 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Ruth
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 22 – August 28
Peak intensity130 km/h (80 mph) (1-min)  978 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Susan
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 23 – August 28
Peak intensity150 km/h (90 mph) (1-min)  968 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Tess
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 23 – August 25
Peak intensity130 km/h (80 mph) (1-min)  980 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Helen
Category 3 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 29 – September 4
Peak intensity195 km/h (120 mph) (1-min)  965 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Helen formed on August 29. It moved west-northwest and strengthened into a category 3 typhoon with 120 mph winds. It weakened slightly to a category two and struck Taiwan. It briefly was over waters before it hit Mainland China as a tropical storm. It dissipated on September 4.

Typhoon Ursula
Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 7 – September 15
Peak intensity165 km/h (105 mph) (1-min)  968 hPa (mbar)

This typhoon is especially remembered for the 6 aircraft containing liberated prisoners of war brought down by the typhoon between Okinawa and Manila. Over 120 servicemen lost their lives. At the time, it was the single greatest loss of life in an aviation disaster during peacetime.[5]

Typhoon Ida
Main article: Typhoon Ida (1945)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 10 – September 20
Peak intensity130 km/h (80 mph) (1-min)  916.1 hPa (mbar)

In Japan, Typhoon Ida is called Makurazaki Typhoon. It was the strongest typhoon to hit Kyushu on record, with a minimum sea-level pressure of 916.1 hPa (27.05 inHg) observed on the land and a maximum wind gust of 62.7 metres per second (140 mph), which was recorded at a weather station in Makurazaki.[6] More than 2,000 people were killed in the Hiroshima Prefecture after heavy rains brought by a weakening Ida caused severe landslides.[7]

Tropical Storm Verna
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 20 – September 22
Peak intensity95 km/h (60 mph) (1-min)  988 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Wanda
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 21 – September 24
Peak intensity75 km/h (45 mph) (1-min)  998 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Jean
Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 25 – October 2
Peak intensity165 km/h (105 mph) (1-min)  963 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Kate
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 28 – October 6
Peak intensity110 km/h (70 mph) (1-min)  980 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Louise
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationOctober 2 – October 12
Peak intensity150 km/h (90 mph) (1-min)  969 hPa (mbar)

Louise was first seen developing on October 2, 1945, in the Caroline Islands. It unexpectedly veered north and slowed down, only to intensify as it passed over Okinawa on October 9 with 90 mph wind gusts and a minimum central pressure of 968.5 mbar. Shortly after, Louise began to weaken, and hit Japan as a strong tropical storm. The tropical cyclone became extratropical shortly after on October 12. In Okinawa, 36 people died, 47 people were reported missing, and 100 people were seriously injured.

In Buckner Bay, where the US military were occupying a temporary base, 30 ft (9.1 m) to 35 ft (11 m) waves were reported to have crashed ashore, tearing into Quonset huts and other buildings. At the time, Buckner Bay was being used as a port by the US military. Fifteen merchant ships were driven ashore, with a few wrecked. Three US Navy destroyers were grounded and declared beyond salvage. Over 200 other US military vessels, including six LSTs, a number of special purpose boats, patrol boats, and amphibious landing craft were grounded, severely damaged, or wrecked beyond repair. Eighty percent of the buildings in the bay were completely wiped out, while all 60 airplanes at the local airports were damaged.[8]

Tropical Storm Marge
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationNovember 1 – November 4
Peak intensity85 km/h (50 mph) (1-min)  996 hPa (mbar)

A tropical storm was tracked on November 1 to the northwest of the Marianas. It moved to the west, before making landfall on Tayabas (now Quezon) in the Philippines. It was last noted on November 4 over Aurora. The damage is unknown.

Tropical Storm Yvonne
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationNovember 14 – November 17
Peak intensity75 km/h (45 mph) (1-min)  999 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Nora
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationNovember 22 – December 2
Peak intensity150 km/h (90 mph) (1-min)  971 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Nora formed on November 22nd, 1945, and began to move towards the Philippines. It became a typhoon and a category 1 equivalent storm on the SSHWS scale. The slow-moving storm moved towards the Philippines, but it turned northeast at the last moment, moving over colder waters and dissipating.

Storm names
  • Ann
  • Betty
  • Connie
  • Doris
  • Nancy
  • Opal
  • Peggy
  • Edna
  • Eva
  • Queenie
  • Frances
  • Grace
  • Ruth
  • Susan
  • Tess
  • Helen
  • Ursula
  • Ida
  • Verna
  • Wanda
  • Jean
  • Kate
  • Louise
  • Marge
  • Yvonne
  • Nora

See also

References
  1. Joint Typhoon Warning Center 50th Anniversary May 1959 – May 2009. April 29, 2009. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
  2. Anstett, Richard (April 30, 1998). "World War II Era". History of the Joint Typhoon Warning Center up to 1998. Archived from the original on February 24, 2012. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
  3. Landsea, Christopher W; Dorst, Neal M (June 1, 2014). "Subject: Tropical Cyclone Names: B1) How are tropical cyclones named?". Tropical Cyclone Frequently Asked Question. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Hurricane Research Division. Archived from the original on March 29, 2015.
  4. Cry, George (July 1958). Bristow, Gerald C (ed.). "Naming hurricanes and typhoons". Mariners Weather Log. 2 (4): 109. hdl:2027/uc1.b3876059. ISSN 0025-3367. OCLC 648466886.
  5. https://noaahrd.wordpress.com/2015/09/09/70th-anniversary-of-typhoon-ursula/amp/
  6. Weather Records of Makurazaki Japan Meteorological Agency
  7. Makurazaki typhoon Hiroshima disaster prevention Web Archived 2017-07-14 at the Wayback Machine Hiroshima Prefectural Government
  8. US Navy Historical Center. Pacific Typhoon at Okinawa, October 1945.

Bibliography
  • Anderson, Richard M.; Beyer, Edward F.; Grobmeier, Alvin H.; McCormick, Conrad R.; Silverstone, Paul H. (1990). "Question 21/89". Warship International. XXVII (2): 204–205. ISSN 0043-0374.
  • Grobmeier, Alvin H. (1991). "Question 21/89". Warship International. XXVIII (2): 205. ISSN 0043-0374.
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