1948 North Korean parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held for the first Supreme People's Assembly of the soon-to-be established Democratic People's Republic of Korea on 25 August 1948.[1] Organised by the People's Committee of North Korea, the elections saw 572 deputies elected, of which 212 were from North Korea and 360 from South Korea.
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| This article is part of a series on the politics and government of North Korea |
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Background
Voters on the way to polling stations
United Nations-sponsored elections for the Constitutional Assembly in US-occupied South Korea were held on 10 May 1948.
Elections in the Soviet-occupied North were announced at the fifth session of the People's Assembly of North Korea on 9 July 1948 as part of the preparations for the establishment of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. At the second conference of leaders of political parties and social organizations from North and South Korea held from 29 June to 5 July, it was decided that the elections should also be held in South Korea. A decision of the Election Guidance Committee determined that the 360 South Korean deputies would be elected indirectly, with South Korean voters electing people's delegates who would subsequently elect the South Korean deputies.[2]
In North Korea, registration of candidates took place until 5 August 1948, with 228 candidates registered in 212 districts.[3] Among the 228 candidates were 212 candidates nominated by the Democratic Front for the Reunification of Korea and 16 other candidates recommended by voters at meetings.[3] The candidates from the Democratic Front for the Reunification of Korea consisted of 102 candidates from the Workers' Party of North Korea, 35 candidates from the Democratic Party, 35 candidates from the Chondoist Chongu Party and 40 independent candidates.[4] There were 34 women among the 228 candidates.[3]
Results
| Alliance | Party | Seats |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland | Workers' Party of Korea | 157 |
| Chondoist Chongu Party | 35 | |
| Korean Democratic Party | 35 | |
| Laboring People's Party | 20 | |
| People's Republic Party | 20 | |
| Democratic Independent Party | 20 | |
| Others | 171 | |
| Independents | 114 | |
| Total | 572 | |
| Source: Nohlen et al., East Gate Book[5] | ||
North Korea
| Alliance | Party | Votes | % | Seats |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland | Workers' Party of North Korea | 4,456,621 | 98.49 | 102 |
| Chondoist Chongu Party | 35 | |||
| Korean Democratic Party | 35 | |||
| Independents | 40 | |||
| Other nominated candidates | 68,341 | 1.51 | 0 | |
| Total | 4,524,962 | 100 | 212 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | 4,526,065 | 99.97 | – | |
| Source: Korean History Database, Monthly Chosun[4] | ||||
South Korea
The North Korean government claimed that 78% of eligible voters in South Korea took part in the election of 1,080 people's delegates.[2] The South Korean people's delegates subsequently met on 21–26 August in Haeju, with 1,002 of the 1,080 elected representatives participating. They elected 360 deputies to the Supreme People's Assembly on the basis of one deputy per 50,000 South Koreans.[2]
Election of representatives
| Bloc | Party | Votes | % | Delegates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left-wing | Workers' Party of South Korea | 137 | ||
| National Farmers League | 70 | |||
| People's Republic Party | 68 | |||
| Korean Federation of Trade Unions | 66 | |||
| Democratic Independent Party | 53 | |||
| Democratic Women's League | 30 | |||
| League of Cultural Organizations | 24 | |||
| Democratic Patriotic Youth League | 23 | |||
| National Religious League | 18 | |||
| National Democratic Christian League | 18 | |||
| Center | Laboring People's Party | 62 | ||
| Korean Social Democratic Party | 43 | |||
| Democratic Korean Independence Party | 35 | |||
| New Progressive Party | 31 | |||
| National Independence Federation | 30 | |||
| People's Alliance | 20 | |||
| Right-wing | Industrious Masses Party | 19 | ||
| Chondoist Chongu Party | 7 | |||
| Healthy People's Society | 7 | |||
| Korean Independence Party | 7 | |||
| National Buddhist Federation | 7 | |||
| Buddhist Youth Association | 6 | |||
| Korean Farmers Party | 6 | |||
| National Assembly of Village Representatives | 6 | |||
| National Youth Association | 6 | |||
| Patriotic Youth Association | 6 | |||
| Federation of Objectors to Student Conscription | 4 | |||
| Democratic Independent Women's League | 2 | |||
| Independents | 269 | |||
| Total | 6,782,407 | 100 | 1,080 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | 8,681,746 | 77.8 | – | |
| Source: Korean History Database, The Academy of Korean Studies | ||||
Election of South Korean deputies
| Alliance | Votes | % | Seats |
|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland | 360 | ||
| Total | 1,002 | 100 | 360 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 1,080 | 92.77 | – |
| Source: Korean History Database | |||
Elected members
The following were elected as members of parliament:[6]
- Kim Il-sung
- Kim Tu-bong
- Ho Hon
- Kim Tal-hyon
- Yi Yong
- Hong Nam-pyo
- Hong Ki-ju
- Pak Hon-yong
- Hong Myong-hui
- Kim Chaek
- Kang Yang-uk
- Kang Sun
- Kang Chin-gon
- Ku Chae-su
- Kim Pyong-je
- Kim Chang-jun
- Na Sung-gyu
- Yu Yong-jun
- Yi Ku-hun
- Yi Ki-yong
- Yi Nung-jong
- Pak Yun-gil
- Pak Chong-ae
- Song Chu-sik
- Chang Kwon
- Chang Sun-myong
- Cho Un
- Choe Kyong-dok
- Chong Chun-taek
- Choe Yong-gon
- Kim Won-bong
- Pak Il-u
- Pak Mun-gyu
- Chang Si-u
- Chu Yong-ha
- Choe Chang-ik
- Paek Nam-un
- Kim Chong-ju
- Yi Suing-yop
- Ho Chong-suk
- Ho Song-taek
- Yi Pyong-nam
- Yi Yong
- Yi Kuk-no
- Chang Hae-u
- No Chin-han
- Kim Il
- Pak Hun-il
- Ho Ka-i
- Pak Chang-sik
- Kim O-song
- Ko Hui-man
- Pang Hak-se
- Kang Kon
- Kang Ung-jin
- Yi Man-gyu
- Kim Sam-yong
- Pak Se-yong
- Kim Song-gyu
- Yun Haeng-jung
- Kang Mun-sok
- Song Ul-su
- Kim Sang-hyok
- Yi Tong-hwa
- Han Hyo-sam
- Chong Il-yong
- Yun Hyong-sik
- Yi Ki-sok
- Song Pong-uk
- Kim Ung-gi
- Kim Chae-uk
- Hong Ki-hwang
- Yi Sok-bo
- Kim Yong-su
- Nam Il
- Yi Pyong-je
- Yi Yo-song
- Tak Chang-hyok
- Cho Yong-se
- Yi Sang-jun
- Kim Ki-do
- Kim Kwang-su
- Choe Ik-han
- Yu Hae-bung
- Choe Chun-yong
- Kim Yol
- Yi Hong-yol
- Kim Chan
- Yun Chung-u
- Choe Won-tack
- Chong Song-on
- YiSik
- Kim Hwang-il
- Kim Ki-ju
- Yi Chong-man
- Pak Yong-song
- Yi Yu-min
- Pak Chang-ok
- Yi Yong-jun
- Yi In-dong
- Cho Chung-gwang
- Yu Ki-sop
- Yi Chom-sun
- Chong No-sik
- Han Sang-muk
- Kim Yong-jae
- Kim Yong-dam
- O Chae-yong
- Kim Ok-bin
- Choe Pong-su
- Hwang Tae-song
- Han Il-su
- Kim Yong-wan
- Tae Song-su
- Yi Chu-yon
- Kim Sang-chol
- Pak Sang-jun
- Kim Min-san
- Kim Yun-gol
- Chon Chan-bae
- Cho Hi-yong
- U Pong-un
- Yi Tae-song
- Hwang Uk
- YiChu-ha
- Chong Paek
- No Sok-kwi
- So Kap-sun
- Cho Pom-gu
- Han Sol-ya
- Chu Hwang-sop
- Han Il-mu
- Pak Chi-ho
- Kim Chung-gyu
- Yi Mun-hwan
- Ok Yong-ja
- Hong Myon-hu
- Kim Son-gil
- Ham Ik-nok
- Kim Won-hyong
- Pak Il-yong
- Kim Song-ok
- Kim Nam-chon
- Won Ho-sun
- Song Myong-hon
- Choe Son-gyu
- Pak Chun-yong
- Song Kyu-hwan
- Yi Won-il
- Chong Tae-sok
- Chae Chun-sok
- Yi Yong-som
- Kim Su-hyon
- Won Man-su
- Chong Chol
- Kim Il-chong
- Kim Sung-hyon
- Kim Hyong-gon
- Kim Myong-sok
- Kim Song-hak
- Chong Un-yong
- Pak Yong-han
- Yi Kang-guk
- O Ki-sop
- Kim Hae-chon
- Yi Sang-sun
- Kim Sang-ju
- Chu Hae
- Yun Su
- Yi Hyok-yong
- Pak Ki-ho
- Sin Nam-chol
- Chong Chu-gyong
- Yi Sul-chin
- Sin Yong-bok
- Choe Yong-dal
- Kim Sung-mo
- Chong Chong-sik
- Cho Chae-han
- Kim Chae-rok
- Yi Tong-yong
- Won Hong-gu
- Kim Paek-tong
- Ho Nam-hu
- Paek Pong-son
- Choe Ung-yo
- Yi Son-jae
- Yom Chong-gwon
- Yu Tong-yol
- Chang U-uk
- Choe Song-hwan
- Yang Hong-ju
- Yi Chil-song
- Son Tong-gi
- Paek Pyong-ik
- Yi Chae-yong
- Choe Son-ja
- Kang Chun-sam
- Min Hyok-cho
- Chong Chil-song
- Kye Tong-son
- Kim Ho-sun
- Choe Yun-ok
- Choe Sung-hui
- Pak Won-jun
- Yi Chong-song
- Kim Kil-su
- Chon Pok-chin
- Kim Yong-yun
- Yi Chong-yol
- Yu Hyong-gyu
- Yi Sang-in
- Ham Se-dok
- Yim Chae-yong
- Sin Chin-u
- Yi Tong-gun
- Yi Hong-yon
- Ham To-gyom
- Kim Tok-hung
- So Pyong-su
- Cho Yong-nae
- Kim Hae-jin
- Kim Han-il
- Yi Chang-gyu
- Pak Sang-sun
- Kim Tong-il
- Kim Mu-sam
- Yi Man-su
- Won Chon-jun
- Ho Sin
- Yi Tu-san
- Yu Yong-yun
- Mun Ok-sun
- Hong Kwang-jun
- Maeng Tu-un
- Yang Po-hyon
- O Ki-ok
- O Yong
- Yi Chol
- Yun Sang-man
- Yi Chang-ha
- Chon Suk-cha
- Kim Wan-gun
- Kang Yun-won
- Kwak Chu-sok
- Yi Chun-su
- Chong Yon-tae
- Chae Paek-hui
- Kim Sun-il
- Kim Se-yul
- Song Wan-sok
- Kim Kye-rim
- Kim Hyon-guk
- Ko Chun-taek
- Yi Pong-nyon
- Chong Se-yol
- Cho Pok-nye
- Yi Chae-hyang
- Kil Won-pal
- Yi Sun-jo
- Mun Tong-yong
- Yi Uk
- Chong Se-ho
- Kim Ho-yong
- Kim Han-ung
- Kim Hak-chong
- Kwon Pyong-chol
- Svl Pysng-ho
- Hong Sung-guk
- Ko Sok-hwan
- Kim Su-il
- Pak Chong-hyon
- Yi Sang-hun
- An Yong-il
- Chang Kil-yong
- Kim Yu-yong
- Hwang Tae-yol
- An Sin-ho
- Paek Nak-yong
- Chon Yong-pi
- YiSuk-kyong
- An Yong gil
- Kim Yong-guk
- Kim Sun-nam
- Hong Son-u
- Chang Chun
- Yi Kyu-hui
- Kim Myong-hwan
- Hyon Hun
- Choe Sok-sun
- Kim Chol-ho
- Kim Tae-hong
- Pak Si-yun
- An Si-do
- Yi Yong-dok
- Kim Si-yop
- Kim Hyong-tae
- Yi Chae-yong
- Pak Chong-tae
- Mun Sang-jik
- Kim Tae-ja
- Yi Tong-tak
- Yi In-gyu
- O Sin-nam
- Yi Sok-sung
- Choe Kim-bok
- Yi Hwan-gi
- Cho Chung-gon
- Yi Chin-gun
- Yi Chi-chan
- Han Chun-yo
- Pak Chan-hyok
- Kim Chom-gwon
- Yu Chin-yong
- Yi Hae-su
- Yi Chong-suk
- Yim Sang-sun
- Yi Chin
- Song On-pil
- Kim Tak
- Choe Kwan-yong
- Yi Pong-nam
- Yi Pyong-ho
- Pak Chi-hwa
- Kim Yu-tae
- Yun Sang-yol
- Kim Pyong-je
- Kim Ui-su
- Pak Chal
- So Chang-sop
- Pak Pok-cho
- Chong Sin-hyon
- Choe Son-bi
- Mun Ui-sok
- Yi Hun
- Yun Pyong-gwan
- Kim Nanju-hwa
- Chon Yong-uk
- Cho Tae-u
- Pak Sung-gik
- Hong Myon-ok
- Yi Chong-myong
- Kim Yong-sop
- An Yong-muk
- Chang Chol
- Mun Hong-gi
- Chong Kil-song
- Kim Ki-su
- Chu Chang-son
- Choe Ki-nam
- Cho Kum-song
- Kim Chol-su
- Yi Pyong-hu
- Yi Tu-won
- Chong Nam-jo
- Pak Chang-gu
- O Chol-chu
- Kim Pong-son
- Song Chae-chol
- Kwon Yong-ju
- Kim Pil-chu
- Cha Chi-hun
- Pak Pong-u
- Chong In-sok
- Hyon Sung-gap
- Yi Hi-bong
- Kang In-gol
- Pak Pyong-jik
- Pak Mun-sun
- Ha Yong-suk
- Yun Chae-bong
- Hong Chung-sik
- Yi Kun-u
- Ko Chol-u
- Kil Chin-sop
- Yi Chang-su
- Choe Ka-ma
- Kim Han-jung
- Yi Po-yol
- O Chae-il
- Ok Mun-hwan
- Hwang Un-bong
- Kim On
- Chang Sang-bong
- Kim Tae-song
- Min Ki-won
- Cho Song-gyu
- Kim Chang-nok
- Choe Kwang
- Kim Nak-to
- Hong Ki-mun
- Yi Song-jong
- Chon Chung-hak
- Yi Chin-suk
- Paek Ung-yop
- Yun In-yong
- Kim Ui-sun
- Yi Min-yong
- Chu Chin-hwang
- No Myong-hwan
- Chang Ki-uk
- Yi Sang-ho
- Na Yun-chul
- Song Chong-gun
- Pak Song-ok
- Pak Kun-mo
- Song Tae-jun
- Chon Pyong-gi
- Kim Pyong-mun
- Ma Chong-hwa
- Yi Kang-mu
- Ho Ha-baek
- Kim Si-gyom
- Sin Hyon-u
- Yi Song-baek
- Kim Myong-ni
- Yi Yong-jin
- Chon Chong-il
- Mun Tu-jae
- Kim Yong-hui
- Kim Tae-ryon
- Yim Chong-sun
- O Ho-sok
- Yi Yong-son
- Yi Tong-son
- Pak Chin-hong
- Yi Chong-gu
- Chon Kap-sun
- Ko Chang-nam
- Kim Son-cho
- Choe Han-chol
- Kang Kyu-chan
- Han Yang-ul
- Yi Chong-gwon
- Han Yong-gyu
- Kwon Un-hae
- Kang Chol
- Yi Kwan-sul
- Yu Myong-sok
- Han Chong-su
- Kwon O-jik
- Song Tae-rae
- An Ki-song
- Kim Che-won
- Hwang Il-bo
- Om Aeng-gwan
- Yim Tong-uk
- Kim Mun-hwan
- Kim Kwang-jun
- Cho Yong
- Yu Sok-kyun
- Kang Sin-u
- Mun Min-un
- Pyon Ki-chang
- Choe In
- Yi Pok-ki
- Ho Chun
- Ko Chin-hui
- Kim Tal-sam
- Song Song-chol
- Yi Myon-hong
- Kim Pyong-ju
- Kim Man-jung
- Chon Pong-hwa
- Ko Kyong-in
- An Hai-nam
- Chong Chin-sop
- Kim Ki-taek
- Sin Paek-hyon
- Yi Sang-gap
- Pak Un-song
- Choe San-hwa
- Kim Tae-bong
- Choe Suk-yang
- Yu Kim-bong
- Kim To-song
- Kim Chong-sun
- Kim Ung-yul
- Son Tu-hwan
- Son Chong-yol
- Kim Yong-ho
- Kim Yong-uk
- Cho Won-suk
- Kim Chang-han
- Yang Won-mo
- An Se-hun
- Han Chang-gyo
- Han Chang-su
- Chu Man-sul
- Yim Taek
- Han Chang-ho
- Ho Man-ho
- Han Kyong-su
- Paek Pa
- Yo Un-chol
- Pak Hyong-uk
- Cho U-bang
- Chong Chae-son
- Yi Pyong-il
- Yim Pung-won
- Kang In-gyu
- Pak Chun-on
- Yi Pyong-no
- Yi Chong-wan
- Pak Po-ok
- Kim Po-pae
- Yi Ho-je
- Pak Pil-hwan
- Sin Sun-ye
- Yi Ki-hwan
- Song Chun-ho
- O Che-hong
- Yu Yong-sang
- Kim Un-han
- Kim In-bae
- Pak Kon-byong
- O Ok-byol
- Yi So-un
- Yi So-hyang
- Kang Song-jae
- Yi Chang-bin
- Song Chae-hyon
- Cho Pok-ae
- Hyon Po-yol
- Chong In-chul
- Sin Sun-jik
- Kim Chae-yong
- O Tae-yong
- Choe Wol-song
- Kim Ki-nam
- Kim Il-son
- Mun Chi-hwa
- Kim Tuk-nan
- Choe Han-sik
- Hong Chol-hi
- Kim Yon-pil
- Kim Hyo-won
- Kim Yong-won
- Kim Chong-ae
- Pae Hyong-han
- Song Kum-ae
- Ko Kwang-han
- Yi Suk-yo
- Kang Yong-sun
- Yi Yong-ju
- Ha Pil-won
- Hong Chin
- Kim Hong-gi
- Kim Chin-ho
- Yi Kyong-dong
- Kim Sang-sun
- Chang Ha-myong
- Chon Yun-do
- Kim Man-su
- Chae Ki-ok
- Yi Sok-ha
- Kim Song-yul
- Sok Tae-ryong
- Sin Sang-dong
- Kim Chae-ul
- Yun Yong-jun
- Chong Chu-ha
- Chon Song-ok
- Yom Ui-hyon
- Cho Tong-sok
- Kim Op-tol
- Yun Hui-gu
- Kim Nak-chin
- Pak Chae-sop
- Kim Yong-un
- Kwon Tae-bong
- Sin Sang-hun
References
- Par Carter Malkasian (2001) The Korean War, 1950-1953 Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, p13 ISBN 1-57958-364-4
- "해설목록". 한국사데이터베이스. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
- "조선최고인민회의 선거 결과 보고". The Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
- "南北共産主義者들의 도전 속에서". Monthly Chosun. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
- East Gate Book (2003) North Korea Handbook: Yonhap News Agency Seoul, p124 ISBN 0765610043
- Suh, Dae-Sook (1981). Korean Communism, 1945–1980: A Reference Guide to the Political System. Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii. pp. 393–400. ISBN 978-0-8248-0740-5.
Further reading
- Kim Il-sung (1980) [1948]. "Against the Elections of a Reactionary Separate Government in South Korea and for the Achievement of Korea's Reunification and Independence: Speech Made at the 25th Meeting of the Central Committee of the Democratic National United Front of North Korea, March 9, 1948". Kim Il Sung: Works. Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House. OCLC 827642144.
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