1990 Peruvian general election

General elections were held in Peru on 8 April 1990, with a second round of the presidential elections on 10 June.[1] The run-off was between favorite, novelist Mario Vargas Llosa leading a coalition of economically liberal parties collectively known as the Democratic Front and political underdog Alberto Fujimori of the populist and more moderate Cambio 90. Vargas Llosa won the first round with a small plurality, but alienated much of the electorate with a comprehensive privatisation agenda, bolstering the allegedly unelectable Fujimori. Fujimori eventually won a landslide victory and would remain president for ten years until he was ousted in November 2000.

1990 Peruvian general election

8 April 1990 (first round) 10 June 1990 (second round)

Nominee Alberto Fujimori Mario Vargas Llosa Party Cambio 90 FREDEMO Running mate Máximo San Román Carlos García y García Eduardo Orrego Felipe Osterling Popular vote 4,489,897 2,708,291 Percentage 62.4% 37.6%

Second round Results by department (left) and province (right)

President before election Alan García APRA Elected President Alberto Fujimori Cambio 90

Results

President

Candidate		Party	First round		Second round
			Votes	%	Votes	%
	Mario Vargas Llosa	Democratic Front	2,163,323	32.57	2,708,291	37.62
	Alberto Fujimori	Cambio 90	1,932,208	29.09	4,489,897	62.38
	Luis Alva Castro	American Popular Revolutionary Alliance	1,494,231	22.50
	Henry Pease	United Left	544,889	8.20
	Alfonso Barrantes	Socialist Left	315,038	4.74
	Roger Cáceres Velásquez	National Front of Workers and Peasants	86,418	1.30
	Ezequiel Ataucusi Gamonal	Agricultural People's Front of Peru	73,974	1.11
	Dora Larrea del Castillo	Odriist National Union	21,962	0.33
	Nicolás de Pierola Balta	Democratic Union	9,541	0.14
Total			6,641,584	100.00	7,198,188	100.00
Valid votes			6,641,584	84.75	7,198,188	90.45
Invalid/blank votes			1,195,532	15.25	760,044	9.55
Total votes			7,837,116	100.00	7,958,232	100.00
Registered voters/turnout			10,013,225	78.27	10,007,614	79.52
Source: Nohlen

Chamber of Deputies

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Democratic Front	1,561,291	30.03	62	+40
	American Popular Revolutionary Alliance	1,288,461	24.78	53	–54
	Cambio 90	879,949	16.93	32	New
	United Left	510,557	9.82	16	–32
	Independent Moralizing Front	309,263	5.95	7	New
	Socialist Left	272,591	5.24	4	New
	National Front of Workers and Peasants	126,067	2.42	3	+2
	Agricultural People's Front of Peru	63,450	1.22	0	New
	Independent Civic Union	33,819	0.65	0	New
	Loreto Regionalist Movement	24,854	0.48	1	+1
	Tacneñista Front	17,642	0.34	1	New
	Popular Agreement Independent List	14,547	0.28	1	New
	In Action Independent Movement	12,614	0.24	0	New
	Odriist National Union	10,413	0.20	0	New
	Democratic Union	7,738	0.15	0	New
	Nationalist Independent Front	6,106	0.12	0	New
	Hayist Bases Movement	5,607	0.11	0	New
	National Reconstruction Movement	5,588	0.11	0	New
	Independent Democratic Front	4,780	0.09	0	New
	Independent Social Movement	4,348	0.08	0	New
	Lima Defence Front – Provinces	3,739	0.07	0	New
	Independent Front of Retirees	3,477	0.07	0	New
	Chavin Region	3,416	0.07	0	New
	Democratic Alliance	3,204	0.06	0	New
	Democratic Agrarian Front "Atusparia"	3,016	0.06	0	New
	Velasquista Movement	2,228	0.04	0	New
	National Cooperation	2,136	0.04	0	New
	Independent List of Socialist Workers	1,942	0.04	0	New
	Amazonense Independent Movement	1,459	0.03	0	New
	Renewal Union of Peru	1,312	0.03	0	New
	Huascaran	1,221	0.02	0	New
	National Democratic Unity	1,025	0.02	0	New
	United	1,020	0.02	0	New
	Victors of Ayacucho	985	0.02	0	New
	Chalaco Regional Movement	925	0.02	0	New
	Independent Solidarity Movement	913	0.02	0	New
	Integration Movement for the Development of Huanuco	817	0.02	0	New
	Popular Renewal Movement	772	0.01	0	New
	Porteño Renovation Movement	735	0.01	0	New
	Independent Democratic Movement	675	0.01	0	New
	Lambayecano Independent Movement	671	0.01	0	New
	Independent Agreement for National Development	597	0.01	0	New
	North-East Agrarian Movement	578	0.01	0	New
	Andean Nationalist Left	502	0.01	0	New
	Impetu Regional Independent Movement	398	0.01	0	New
	Independent Popular Peruvian Alliance	375	0.01	0	New
	PASOP party	357	0.01	0	New
	Independent Democratic Organisation	342	0.01	0	New
	Advanced Democratic Integration	332	0.01	0	New
	Independent Civic Front Strength and Freedom	157	0.00	0	New
	Independent Democratic Socialist Party	92	0.00	0	New
Total		5,199,103	100.00	180	0
Source: CLEA

By constituency

Constituency	Total seats	FREDEMO	APRA	United Left	Cambio 90	Others
Amazonas	3	1	2	0	0	0
Ancash	9	2	4	1	2	0
Apurimac	3	1	0	2	0	0
Arequipa	9	3	2	1	2	1
Ayacucho	4	1	2	1	0	0
Cajamarca	10	3	5	1	0	1
Callao	7	3	2	0	2	0
Cusco	8	2	1	2	3	0
Huancavelica	3	2	0	0	1	0
Huanuco	4	2	1	0	1	0
Ica	6	2	2	1	1	0
Junin	10	4	1	0	5	0
La Libertad	11	2	8	0	1	0
Lambayeque	8	3	5	0	0	0
Lima 1	9	3	3	1	2	0
Lima 2	40	14	6	2	9	9
Loreto	5	3	1	0	0	1
Madre De Dios	1	0	0	1	0	0
Moquegua	1	0	0	1	0	0
Pasco	2	2	0	0	0	0
Piura	11	4	5	1	0	1
Puno	8	1	1	1	3	2
San Martin	3	2	1	0	0	0
Tacna	2	1	0	0	0	1
Tumbes	1	0	1	0	0	0
Ucayali	2	1	0	0	0	1
Source: CLEA

Senate

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Democratic Front	1,772,953	32.06	20	+7
	American Popular Revolutionary Alliance	1,387,931	25.09	16	–14
	Cambio 90	1,200,459	21.70	14	New
	United Left	540,620	9.77	6	–9
	Socialist Left	302,110	5.46	3	New
	National Front of Workers and Peasants	112,142	2.03	1	0
	Agricultural People's Front of Peru	63,694	1.15	0	New
	Somos Libres	50,430	0.91	0	New
	Independent Civic Union	45,046	0.81	0	New
	Odriist National Union	16,349	0.30	0	–1
	Hayist Bases Movement	13,531	0.24	0	New
	Independent Front of Retirees	8,994	0.16	0	New
	Democratic Union	7,805	0.14	0	New
	National Co-operation	3,969	0.07	0	New
	Solidarity Independent Movemement	3,088	0.06	0	New
	Honorary Confederation of Independent Organised Struggle	1,779	0.03	0	New
Former presidents				2	+1
Total		5,530,900	100.00	62	+1
Valid votes		5,530,900	80.53
Invalid/blank votes		1,336,963	19.47
Total votes		6,867,863	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		10,013,225	68.59
Source: JNE

Footnotes

1. Dieter Nohlen (2005) Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume II, p454 ISBN 978-0-19-928358-3