1994 in archaeology

The year 1994 in archaeology involved some significant events.

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Excavations

• National Institute of Anthropology and History excavations at Maya site of Chacchoben begin
• Ruth Shady's work on the Norte Chico civilization site at Caral in Peru begins
• Martin Carver's excavations of an early medieval Pictish monastery at Portmahomack, Scotland, begin

Publications

• Alan K. Bowman – Life and Letters on the Roman Frontier: Vindolanda and its People (British Museum).
• Marc Bermann – Lukurmata: Household Archaeology in Prehispanic Bolivia (Princeton University Press).
• Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Paolo Menozzi and Alberto Piazza – The History and Geography of Human Genes (Princeton University Press).
• Gillian Hutchinson – Medieval Ships and Shipping (Leicester University Press).
• Naomi F. Miller and Kathryn L. Gleason (ed.) – The Archaeology of Garden and Field (University of Pennsylvania Press).
• John Schofield and Alan Vince – Medieval Towns (Leicester University Press).

Finds

• 26 June – British submarine HMS Vandal, lost on sea trials in 1943,[1] is rediscovered in the Sound of Bute off the west coast of Scotland.[2]
• Late – Marine archaeologists led by Jean-Yves Empereur find remains of the Lighthouse of Alexandria in Egypt.[3]
• December
  • Spotted horses and human hands, Pech Merle cave, Dordogne, France (painted c. 16000 BC).
  • Wall painting with horses, rhinoceroses and aurochs, Chauvet Cave, Vallon-Pont-d'Arc, Ardèche Gorges, France (made c. 25,000–17,000 BC).
• Kafkania pebble.
• Gold coins and jewellery discovered at Salcombe Cannon Wreck site.
• Diver Colin Martin discovers the wreck of the Hanover (built 1757) off the coast of Cornwall.
• Sannai-Maruyama Site discovered at Aomori, northern Honshu, Japan (mainly of Jōmon period).
• 'Ardi', the fossilized skeletal remains of a female Ardipithecus ramidus, discovered at Aramis, Ethiopia, in the Afar Depression, the oldest known hominid fossil (4.4 million years old).

Other events

• 16 January – British archaeological television series Time Team first shown on Channel 4.
• 12 March – Kabul Museum building hit by rocket fire and destroyed.
• ASPRO chronology published.[4]
• The British Library acquires the Kharosti scrolls, the oldest collection of Buddhist manuscripts in the world.

Deaths

• 10 March – Rupert Bruce-Mitford, English archaeologist (b. 1914)
• 27 March – Elisabeth Schmid, German archaeologist and osteologist (b. 1912)[5]
• 8 September – Margaret Guido, English archaeologist (b. 1912)
• 10 October – Richard J. C. Atkinson, English archaeologist and prehistorian (b. 1920)[6]

References

1. MacKinnon, Angus (2010). "The Loss of HM Submarine Vandal (P64) off the Isle of Arran in 1943". ClydeMaritime. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
2. "HMS/M Vandal: Inchmarnock Water, Sound of Bute, Firth of Clyde". Canmore. Edinburgh: Historic Environment Scotland. 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
3. "Treasures of the Sunken City". Nova. November 1997. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
4. "ASPRO: Atlas des Sites du Proche-Orient". Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée Jean Pouilloux. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
5. Ogilvie, Marilyn; Harvey, Joy (2003). The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: Pioneering Lives From Ancient Times to the Mid-20th Century. Routledge. ISBN 9781135963422.
6. "Obituary: Professor Richard Atkinson". The Independent. 17 October 1994. Retrieved 30 May 2017.