2001 British Columbia general election

The 2001 British Columbia general election was the 37th provincial election in the Province of British Columbia, Canada. It was held to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. The election was called on April 18, 2001 and held on May 16, 2001. Voter turnout was 55.4 per cent of all eligible voters.

2001 British Columbia general election
May 16, 2001
79 seats of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
40 seats were needed for a majority
Turnout55.44%[1] 3.67 pp
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Gordon Campbell Ujjal Dosanjh Adriane Carr
Party Liberal New Democratic Green
Leader since September 11, 1993 February 20, 2000 September 23, 2000
Leader's seat Vancouver-Point Grey Vancouver-Kensington (lost re-election) Ran in Powell River-Sunshine Coast (lost)
Last election 33 39 0
Seats won 77 2 0
Seat change 44 37 0
Popular vote 916,888 343,156 197,231
Percentage 57.62 21.56 12.39
Swing 15.80 17.89 10.40
Popular vote by riding. As this is an FPTP election, seat totals are not determined by popular vote, but instead via results by each riding. Click the map for more details.
Premier before election

Ujjal Dosanjh
New Democratic

 Premier after election

Gordon Campbell
Liberal

The incumbent British Columbia New Democratic Party (BC NDP), in office since 1991, had been rocked by two major scandals—the Fast Ferries Scandal and a bribery scandal involving Premier Glen Clark. With the NDP's ratings flatlining, Clark resigned in August 1999, and Deputy Premier Dan Miller took over as caretaker premier until Ujjal Dosanjh was elected his permanent successor in February. Dosanjh was not, however, able to restore the party's public image, and the BC NDP suffered a resounding defeat at the hands of the British Columbia Liberal Party (BC Liberals), led by former Vancouver mayor Gordon Campbell. The BC Liberals won over 57% of the popular vote, and an unprecedented 77 of the 79 seats in the provincial legislature—the largest victory in the province's electoral history.

The BC NDP, on the other hand, suffered a near-total political collapse. The party lost almost half of the share of the popular vote that it had won in the 1996 election, while its seat count fell from 39 seats to only two—those of Deputy Premier and Education Minister Joy MacPhail and Community Development Minister Jenny Kwan. It was easily the worst defeat of a sitting government in British Columbia. It was also the second-worst defeat of a sitting provincial government in Canada, eclipsed only by the New Brunswick election of 1987, the Alberta election of 1935, and the Prince Edward Island election of 1935. In those elections, the governing party–the New Brunswick Tories, the United Farmers of Alberta and the PEI Tories–was completely wiped off the map. Dosanjh resigned as party leader soon after the election; he had actually conceded defeat a week before voters went to the polls. Despite being the only other party in the Assembly, the BC NDP lacked the four seats required for official party status.[2]

The British Columbia Unity Party had been created as a union of conservative parties. Initially, Reform BC, the Social Credit, the British Columbia Party, and the Family Coalition Party had joined under the "BC Unity" umbrella. By the time the election was called, however, only the Family Coalition Party and a large majority of Reform BC segments had remained in the BC Unity coalition. The other parties had withdrawn to continue independently. Ron Gamble, sometime leader and sometime president of the renewed Reform BC continued his opposition to conservative mergers, consistently proclaiming a "Say No to Chris Delaney & BC Unity" policy, until Unity's eventual collapse in 2004 after a failed second attempt at a merger with BC Conservatives.

Results
↓
77 2
Liberal NDP
Party Party leader # of
candidates		 Seats Popular vote
1996 Elected % Change # % Change
Liberal Gordon Campbell 79 33 77 +133.3% 916,888 57.62% +15.80%
  New Democrats Ujjal Dosanjh 79 39 2 -94.9% 343,156 21.56% -17.89%
Green Adriane Carr 72 - - - 197,231 12.39% +10.40%
Unity Chris Delaney 56 - - - 51,426 3.23% +2.97%
Marijuana Brian Taylor 79 * - * 51,206 3.22% *
  Independent 30 - - - 14,588 0.92% +0.28%
Reform 9 2 - -100% 3,439 0.22% -9.05%
All Nations 6 * - * 3,380 0.21% *
  Conservative Susan Power 6 - - - 2,417 0.15% +0.09%
Social Credit Grant Mitton 2 - - - 1,948 0.12% -0.27%
  BC Action 5 * - * 1,636 0.10% *
  No affiliation 6 * - * 727 0.05% *
People's Front 11 * - * 720 0.05% *
  Western Reform 1 * - * 621 0.04% *
  Citizens Alliance Now 2 * - * 584 0.04% *
  Council of British Columbians 2 * - * 399 0.03% *
Communist 4 - - - 381 0.02% +0.01%
Freedom 2 * - * 240 0.02% *
  Party of Citizens.... 2 * - * 147 0.01% *
Patriot 1 * - * 82 0.01% *
  Citizens Commonwealth 4 * - * 49 x *
  Central 3 * - * 41 x *
Total 456 75 79 +5.3% 1,591,306 100%  

Notes

x - less than 0.005% of the popular vote.

* The party did not nominate candidates in the previous election.

Unity Party results are calculated relative to Family Coalition Party results.

Popular vote
Liberal
 
 57.62%
NDP
 
 21.56%
Green
 
 12.39%
Others
 
 8.43%
Seats summary
Liberal
 
 97.47%
NDP
 
 2.53%

Riding results

Names in bold indicate party leaders and cabinet ministers and former premiers. Incumbents denoted with a dagger (†) did not seek re-election.

Northern British Columbia
Electoral District Candidates   Incumbent
 NDP Liberal Green Marijuana UnityOther
Bulkley Valley-Stikine Bill Goodacre
2,823		 Dennis MacKay
7,414		 Rolf Hussinger
856		 Trevor McKilligan
507		 Rod Taylor
1,190		 Theresa Tait (ANP)
405
Bill Forsyth (BC)
62		 Bill Goodacre
North Coast Colleen Fitzpatrick
4,084		 Bill Belsey
4,915		 David Konsmo
560		 Kenneth Peerless
623		 Clarence Hall
152		 Emily Bolton (ANP)
526		 Dan Miller †
Peace River North Brian Churchill
1,047		 Richard Neufeld
6,629		 Paul Renaud
810		 Roy Daniel Strange
568		 Richard Neufeld
Peace River South Elmer Kabush
767		 Blair Lekstrom
6,393		 Stacy LaJeunesse
407		 Michelle Rainey-Fenkarek
444		 Garret Golhof
225		 Grant Mitton (SC)
1,726		 Jack Weisgerber †
Prince George-Mount Robson Todd Whitcombe
2,655		 Shirley Bond
8,033		 Lelani Arris
1,429		 Andrej DeWolf
744		 Bob Zayonc
1,110		 Erle Martz (Ref.)
445		 Lois Boone †
Prince George North Bryan Llewellyn
2,148		 Pat Bell
9,215		 Hilary Crowley
1,137		 Robert Grimsrud
588		 David G. Low
838		 Lisa Maskell (WR)
621
Fred McLeod (Ind.)
478
Leif Jensen (Ind.)
76		 Paul Ramsey †
Prince George-Omineca Ed John
3,156		 Paul Nettleton
10,469		 David Usher
1,026		 Will DeWolf
646		 Eldon Matte
1,168		   Paul Nettleton
Skeena Helmut Giesbrecht
2,644		 Roger Harris
8,653		 Roger Benham
695		 Bob Erb
810		 Gerald Amos (ANP)
479		 Helmut Giesbrecht

Kootenay, Columbia and Boundary
Electoral District Candidates   Incumbent
 NDP Liberal Green Marijuana UnityOther
Columbia River-Revelstoke Jim Doyle
4,465		 Wendy McMahon
7,659		 Jennifer Brownlee
946		 Lisa Kirkman
616		 Miles Lehn
484		   Jim Doyle
East Kootenay Erda Walsh
3,502		 Bill Bennett
9,771		 Joni Krats
1,229		 Fred Sima
670		 Bruce Parke
621		   Erda Walsh
Nelson-Creston Corky Evans
6,626		 Blair Suffredine
8,161		 Colleen McCrory
4,354		 Dan Loehndorf
540		 Stephen Cox
1,064		   Corky Evans
West Kootenay-Boundary Ed Conroy
6,376		 Sandy Santori
9,718		 Patricia Pepe
1,796		 Brian Taylor
785		 Mark McLaren
1,065		   Ed Conroy

Okanagan and Shuswap
Electoral District Candidates   Incumbent
 NDP Liberal Green Marijuana UnityOther
Kelowna-Lake Country Janet Scotland
3,102		 John Weisbeck
14,093		 Devra Rice
2,606		 Paul Halonen
734		 Kevin Wendland
1,496		 David Thomson (Act)
272		 John Weisbeck
Kelowna-Mission Assunta Rossal
3,066		 Sindi Hawkins
15,351		 Angela Reid
2,588		 Kelly Nichol
787		 Paul Vogan
1,674		 Grant Baudais (Act)
296		 Sindi Hawkins
Okanagan-Vernon Troy Sebastien
3,529		 Tom Christensen
13,868		 Erin Nelson
2,214		 Michael Jones
917		 Doug MacDonald
3,213		 Herb Wong (Ind.)
562
Kathleen Daniels (Ind.)
157
Andrew Hokold (Pat)
82		 April Sanders †
Okanagan-Westside Ernie Ursuliak
3,176		 Rick Thorpe
14,181		   Teresa Taylor
1,188		 Howard Lionel Hunt
1,364		 Jack Peach (Act)
921		 Rick Thorpe
Penticton-Okanagan Valley Naga Terada
3,887		 Bill Barisoff
15,609		 Harry Naegal
3,524		 Riley Goldstone
786		 Walter Ozero
553		 Kal Gidda (BC)
522		 Bill Barisoff
Shuswap Wayne Fowler
3,788		 George Abbott
12,950		 Larissa Lutjen
2,423		 Paddy Roberts
835		 Al Thiessen
2,857		 Jeanette McLennan (Ind.)
119
Scott Yee (Cen)
41		 George Abbott

Thompson and Cariboo
Electoral District Candidates   Incumbent
 NDP Liberal Green Marijuana UnityOther
Cariboo North Frank Garden
2,732		 John Wilson
10,044		 Douglas Gook
712		 Stephen Payne
509		 Steven McBeth
420		 Kim McIvor (Ind.)
727

Al Charlebois (PF)
24

 John Wilson
Cariboo South David Zirnhelt
4,259		 Walt Cobb
10,259		 Mike Orr
739		 Christopher Matte
598		 Dan Case (AN)
552

Bruce Broomfield (PF)
83

 David Zirnhelt
Kamloops Cathy McGregor
4,592		 Claude Richmond
12,258		 Joe Teichman
2,180		 Julian Gushulak
707		 Ruth Watson
430		 Ernie Schmidt (Ind.)
193		 Cathy McGregor
Kamloops-North Thompson Dwayne Hartle
4,181		 Kevin Krueger
12,676		 Denis Walsh
3,122		 Vern Falk
1025		 Bob Altenhofen
836		   Kevin Krueger
Yale-Lillooet Victor York
2,817		 David Chutter
9,845		 Harue Kanemitsu
1,657		 Vincent Royer
807		   Don Moses (AN)
1126
Dorothy-Jean O'Donnell (PF)
136		 Harry Lali †

Fraser Valley
Electoral District Candidates   Incumbent
 NDP Liberal Green Marijuana UnityOther
Abbotsford-Clayburn Kris Lind
2,096		 John van Dongen
12,584		   John Fulford
706		 Peter Stiegelmar
1751		 Kenneth Keillor (F)
217		 John van Dongen
Abbotsford-Mount Lehman Taranjit Purewal
2,431		 Mike de Jong
12,660		 Karl Hann
1,299		 Brian Carlisle
451		 Gloria Ewert
1576		 David MacKay (PF)
Robert McCulloch (F)
46		 Mike de Jong
Chilliwack-Kent Malcolm James
2,155		 Barry Penner
13,814		 Larry Commodore
1,511		 David Ferguson
968		     Barry Penner
Chilliwack-Sumas Christine Muise
2,434		 John Les
14,137		 Norm Siefken
1,130		     Grant Cepuran (Con)
1,199		 new district
Fort Langley-Aldergrove Simon Challenger
2,619		 Rich Coleman
16,527		 Andrea Welling
2,766		 Joshua McKenzie
674		 Deanna Jopling
1,275		 Murray Dunbar (Ind.)
336		 Rich Coleman
Langley Paul Latham
2,720		 Lynn Stephens
14,564		 Pat Taylor
2,847		 Mavis Becker
723		 Gordon Nelson
1,605		   Lynn Stephens
Maple Ridge-Mission Rose Bennett
4,710		 Randy Hawes
12,920		 Dawn Paley
2,910		 Denise Briere-Smart
908		 David Ritchie
1,037		 Dale Randall (Ind.)
252
Chum Richardson (Ind.)
63		 Dennis Streifel†
Maple Ridge-Pitt Meadows Bill Hartley
5,764		 Ken Stewart
12,235		 Mike Gildersleeve
3,069		 Rick Cameron
716		 Dave Hensman
1,220		 Michael Felgner (Act)
97		 Bill Hartley

Surrey
Electoral District Candidates   Incumbent
 NDP Liberal Green Marijuana UnityOther
Surrey-Cloverdale Steve Oakley
2,333		 Kevin Falcon
13,739		 Steve Chitty
2,227		 Jason Elliott
481		 George Hoytema
1,112		 Bonnie McKinnon (Ind.)
1,669		 Bonnie McKinnon
Surrey-Green Timbers Sue Hammell
5,592		 Brenda Locke
7,539		 Dennis Kalsi
561		 C. Lewis Robinson
1,067		 Jim Paterson (Ref.)
538

Harjit Daudharia (Com)
103

 Sue Hammell
Surrey-Newton Param Grewal
3,949		 Tony Bhullar
6,750		 David Walters
1,673		 Stephen Kawamoto
348		 Paul Joshi
498		 Margaret Bridgman (Ref.)
431		 Penny Priddy †
Surrey-Panorama Ridge Bruce Ralston
3,240		 Gulzar Cheema
9,590		 Sunny Athwal
1,437		 Randy Caine
424		 Heather Stilwell
1,123		 Shirley Abraham (Ref.)
408
Ed Weiland (Act)
50		 new district
Surrey-Tynehead Barry Bell
3,159		 Dave Hayer
12,252		 Joel Macht
1,876		 Don Briere
385		 Bill Stilwell
1,234		 Marilyn Collins (Ind.)
880
Enoch Ephraimson
265 (Ref.)

Mandir Benipal (Ind.)
50		 new district
Surrey-Whalley Joan Smallwood
4,536		 Elayne Brenzinger
6,693		 Terry McComas
1,652		 Khalid Arnaout
544		 John A. Conway
838		 Mike Runte (Ref.)
374		 Joan Smallwood
Surrey-White Rock Matt Todd
3,415		 Gordon Hogg
18,678		 Ruth Christine
3,577		 David Bourgeois
536		 Garry Sahl
983		 Gordon Hogg

Richmond and Delta
Electoral District Candidates   Incumbent
 NDP Liberal Green Marijuana UnityOther
Delta North Norm Lortie
 Reni Masi
 John Hague
 Iain Gilfillan
 Dario Todorovic
 Reni Masi
Delta South Ruth Mary Adams Val Roddick Rob LaBelle Mike Hansen Justin P. Goodrich George Mann (Ind.)
Paul Dhillon (Ind.)		 Val Roddick
Richmond Centre Jaana Grant Greg Halsey-Brandt Bruce Marshall Alice Kan-Halford Jim Hessels Frank Tofin (Con.) Doug Symons†
Richmond East Willy Nasgowitz Linda Reid Stephen Kronstein John Shavluk Joe Pal Mohamaud Farah (Ind.) Linda Reid
Richmond-Steveston Billie Mortimer Geoff Plant Kevan Hudson Gordon Mathias Vincent Paul Allan Warnke (Ind.)
Barry Chilton (Con.)
Sue Wade (Ref.)
Edith Petersen (PF)		 Geoff Plant

Vancouver's Eastern Suburbs
Electoral District Candidates   Incumbent
 NDP Liberal Green Marijuana UnityOther
Burnaby-Edmonds Sav Dhaliwal
4,691		 Patty Sahota
9,119		 Eric Hawthorne
2,476		 Roy Arjun
426		 Grant Murray
1,076		 Gordon S. Watson (POC)
112		 Fred Randall †
Burnaby North Pietro Calendino
5,735		 Richard Lee
10,520		 Tom Hetherington
2,669		 Dale Ware
415		   Pietro Calendino
Burnaby-Willingdon Dave Myles
3,737		 John Nuraney
8,338		 Joe Keithley
2,347		 Pamela Zak
313		   Dennis MacAuley (COBC)
243		 Joan Sawicki †
Burquitlam Bart Healey
4,475		 Harry Bloy
10,333		 Steven J. Mancinelli
3,085		 Peter Grin
630		 Greg Watrich
720		 new district
Coquitlam-Maillardville Ken Landgraff
4,148		 Richard Stewart
10,692		 Elly Petersen
2,354		 Paul Geddes
544		 Tim Bonner
796		 Harry Warren (Ind.)
Doug Stead (Ind.)
160		 John Cashore†
New Westminster Graeme Bowbrick
6,688		 Joyce Murray
10,626		 Robert Broughton
2,799		 Marlene P. Campbell
799		 Howard Irving
571		 Graeme Bowbrick
Port Coquitlam-Burke Mountain Mike Farnworth
6,964		 Karn Manhas
9,584		 Kelli Gallagher
1,765		 Doug Hewer
412		 Chris Delaney
2,236		 Clay Fanstone (Ref.)
145

Craig Braconnier (Ind.)
144

 Mike Farnworth
Port Moody-Westwood Brian Revel
4,045		 Christy Clark
15,967		   Graeme Smecher
1,359		 Christy Clark

Vancouver
Electoral District Candidates   Incumbent
 NDP Liberal Green Marijuana UnityOther
Vancouver-Burrard Tim Stevenson
7,359		 Lorne Mayencourt
11,396		 Robbie Mattu
3,826		 Marc Emery
906		 Boris Bear (Ind.)
136
Joseph Theriault (PF)
40
Helvis (Rhino)
25		 Tim Stevenson
Vancouver-Fairview Anita Romaniuk
4,772		 Gary Farrell-Collins
12,864		 Vanessa Violini
5,051		 Ron MacIntyre
651		 Brian Sproule (PF)
76		 Gary Farrell-Collins
Vancouver-Fraserview Ian Waddell
5,815		 Ken Johnston
10,361		 Merina Matthew
1,417		 Paul Emerson Hughes
267		 Paul Stilwell
369		 Ian Waddell
Vancouver-Hastings Joy MacPhail
8,009		 Daniel Lee
7,600		 Ian Gregson
2,874		 Davin Ouimet
409		 Carrol B. Woolsey (SC)
222
Charles Boyland (PF)
119		 Joy MacPhail
Vancouver-Kensington Ujjal Dosanjh
7,478		 Patrick Wong
9,162		 Betty Krawczyk
1,795		 John Gordon
516		 John O'Flynn
314		 Ujjal Dosanjh
Vancouver-Kingsway Alicia Barsallo
5,429		 Rob Nijjar
8,264		 Geoff Lyon
1,725		 Steven M. Lay
364		 Sal Vetro
541		 Tyler Ducharme (COBC)
159

Donna Petersen (PF)
81

 Glen Clark †
Vancouver-Langara Peter G. Prontzos
2,999		 Val Anderson
11,800		 Doug Warkentin
2,009		 Anthony Campbell
673		 Joe Young (Ind.)
105
Michael Hill (PF)
51		 Val Anderson
Vancouver-Mount Pleasant Jenny Kwan
7,163		 Gail Sparrow
5,343		 Dale Hofmann
2,612		 David Malmo-Levine
489		 Ken Wright
166		 Liar Liar (Ind.)
148

Kimball Cariou (Com)
142 Franklin Poley (POC)
42

 Jenny Kwan
Vancouver-Point Grey Am Johal
4,441		 Gordon Campbell
13,430		 Varya Rubin
5,094		 Alex Curylo
659		 Greg Dahms
257		 Anne Jamieson (PF)
43		 Gordon Campbell
Vancouver-Quilchena Gareth Richmond
2,168		 Colin Hansen
16,829		 Judy Johnstone
3,277		 Katrina Chowe
351		   Mike Sharp (Ind.)
160		 Colin Hansen

North Shore and Sunshine Coast
Electoral District Candidates   Incumbent
 NDP Liberal Green Marijuana UnityOther
North Vancouver-Lonsdale Roger Kishi
3,016		 Katherine Whittred
11,362		 Terry W. Long
3,823		 Darin Keith Neil
612		 Jonathan Cote (Ind.)
173		 Katherine Whittred
North Vancouver-Seymour Sheila Paterson
2,751		 Daniel Jarvis
15,568		 Evelyn Kirkaldy
4,127		 Tom Dreyer
568		   Ron Gamble (Ref.)
683
Chris McKenzie (Ind.)
209		 Daniel Jarvis
Powell River-Sunshine Coast Gordon Wilson
6,349		 Harold Long
9,904		 Adriane Carr
6,316		 Dana Larsen
812		   Gordon Wilson
West Vancouver-Capilano Matt Lovick
1,284		 Ralph Sultan
15,556		 Nora Gambioli
2,932		 Keir Vichert
274		   Jeremy Dalton (Ind.)
1,355		 Jeremy Dalton
West Vancouver-Garibaldi Barrie MacLeod
2,330		 Ted Nebbeling
14,542		 Peter Tatroff
3,691		 Robert Adam
767		   Ted Nebbeling

Vancouver Island
Electoral District Candidates   Incumbent
 NDP Liberal Green Marijuana UnityOther
Alberni-Qualicum Gerard Janssen
7,395		 Gillian Trumper
13,109		 Sergio Paone
2,999		 Nicholas Thorp
1,081		 Gerard Janssen
Comox Valley Evelyn Gillespie
5,356		 Stan Hagen
15,569		 Pam Munroe
5,170		 Sylvain Beaudoin
873		 John William Robinson
677		 Evelyn Gillespie
Cowichan-Ladysmith Rob Hutchins
7,783		 Graham Bruce
12,707		 Loren Duncan
3,250		 Larry Kunz
597		   Jan Pullinger †
Nanaimo Leonard Krog
6,602		 Mike Hunter
9,748		 Doug Catley
3,810		 Donald LaVallee
889		 Steve Miller
588		 Brunie Brunie (Ind.)
199		 Dale Lovick †
Nanaimo-Parksville Jamie Brennan
5,852		 Judith Reid
17,356		 Phil Carson
3,192		 Leonard Melman
634		 Daniel Stelmacker
693		 Judith Reid
North Island Glenn Robertson
6,375		 Rod Visser
13,781		 Ralph Keller
2,871		 Noreen Evers
1,099		 Glenn Robertson

Greater Victoria
Electoral District Candidates   Incumbent
 NDP Liberal Green Marijuana UnityOther
Esquimalt-Metchosin Maurine Karagianis
6,258		 Arnie Hamilton
9,544		 Marilyn Sundeen
3,685		 Christopher Davies
534		 Bob Ward
268		 Bill Clarke (Con)
322
Rick Berglund (Ind.)
105
Scott Attrill (Ind.)
68
Gerry McVeigh (Ind.)
57		 Moe Sihota †
Malahat-Juan de Fuca Richard Hughes
3,687		 Brian Kerr
9,676		 Stephen Bradley
3,275		 Ron Anderton
547		 Julie Mander
323		 Rick Kasper (Ind.)
5,164

Susan Power (Con)
222

 Rick Kasper
Oak Bay-Gordon Head Charley Beresford
5,789		 Ida Chong
14,588		 Cristin Geall
4,666		 Michael Mann
411		   Ida Chong
Saanich North and the Islands Paul Sam
5,011		 Murray Coell
15,406		 Andrew Lewis
7,211		 Christina Racki
491		   Bathar Jensen (Ind.)
257		 Murray Coell
Saanich South David Cubberley
6,838		 Susan Brice
12,699		 Gracie MacDonald
3,823		 Tamara Tulloch
462		   Paul Scrimger (Con.)
349
James Robert Lauder (Ind.)
172		 Andrew Petter †
Victoria-Beacon Hill Carole James
9,262		 Jeff Bray
9,297		 Walter Meyer Zu Erpen
5,453		 Troy Tompkins
532		 Gregory Hartnell
290		 Rob Botterell (Ind.)
205
Kirsten Goodacre (Com)
64		 Gretchen Brewin †
Victoria-Hillside Steve Orcherton
7,796		 Sheila Orr
7,878		 Stuart Hertzog
4,142		 Chuck Beyer
663		 Allan Whittal
293		 George Gidora (Com)
72
Laery Braaten (CCF)
49		 Steve Orcherton

See also

References
  1. "B.C. Voter Participation: 1983 to 2013" (PDF). Elections BC. Retrieved May 11, 2017.
  2. "B.C. NDP no longer official party after recounts". CBC Newss. May 31, 2001. Retrieved October 31, 2012.
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