2003 Nokia Brier

The 2003 Nokia Brier was held at the Halifax Metro Centre in Halifax, Nova Scotia from March 1–9. The defending champion, Randy Ferbey and his team from Alberta were the winners, winning their third Brier in a row. At the Worlds they went on to represent Canada and win the gold medal.

2003 Nokia Brier
Host cityHalifax, Nova Scotia
ArenaHalifax Metro Centre
DatesMarch 1–9
Attendance158,414
Winner Alberta
Curling clubAvonair Curling Club, Edmonton
SkipRandy Ferbey
FourthDavid Nedohin
SecondScott Pfeifer
LeadMarcel Rocque
AlternateDan Holowaychuk
CoachBrian Moore
Finalist Nova Scotia (Mark Dacey)
« 2002
2004 »

Teams

Alberta British Columbia Manitoba
Avonair CC, Edmonton

Fourth: David Nedohin
Skip: Randy Ferbey
Second: Scott Pfeifer
Lead: Marcel Rocque
Fifth: Dan Holowaychuk

Kelowna CC, Kelowna

Skip: Pat Ryan
Third: Bob Ursel
Second: Deane Horning
Lead: Kevin MacKenzie
Fifth: Rob Koffski

Granite CC, Winnipeg

Skip: John Bubbs
Third: Bob Jenion
Second: Bob Scales
Lead: Dan Kelsch
Fifth: Ron Westcott

New Brunswick Newfoundland and Labrador Northern Ontario
Beaver CC, Moncton

Skip: Russ Howard
Third: James Grattan
Second: Marc LeCocq
Lead: Grant Odishaw
Fifth: Kevin Boyle

St. John's CC, St. John's

Skip: Brad Gushue
Third: Mark Nichols
Second: Jamie Korab
Lead: Mark Ward
Fifth: Mike Adam

Fort William CC, Thunder Bay

Skip: Scott Henderson
Third: Art Lappalainen
Second: Mike Desilets
Lead: Tim Lindsay
Fifth: Rick Lang

Nova Scotia Ontario Prince Edward Island
Mayflower CC, Halifax

Skip: Mark Dacey
Third: Bruce Lohnes
Second: Rob Harris
Lead: Andrew Gibson
Fifth: Steve Gibson

RCMP CC, Ottawa

Skip: Bryan Cochrane
Third: Bill Gamble
Second: Ian MacAulay
Lead: John Steski
Fifth: Douglas Johnston

Charlottetown CC, Charlottetown

Skip: Robert Campbell
Third: Kevin Champion
Second: Philip Gorveatt
Lead: Mike Dillon
Fifth: David Campbell

Quebec Saskatchewan Yukon/Northwest Territories
St. Lambert CC, Saint-Lambert

Skip: Guy Hemmings
Third: Don Westphal
Second: Jean-Michel Ménard
Lead: Dale Ness
Fifth: André Lafleur

Humboldt CC, Humboldt

Skip: Doug Harcourt
Third: Kevin Kalthoff
Second: Greg Harcourt
Lead: Brian Wempe
Fifth: Dean Kleiter

Whitehorse CC, Whitehorse

Skip: Chad Cowan
Third: Doug Bryant
Second: James Buyck
Lead: Ross Milward
Fifth: Bernie Adilman

Round robin standings

Key
Teams to Playoffs
ProvinceSkipWL
 AlbertaRandy Ferbey110
 British ColumbiaPat Ryan74
 Nova ScotiaMark Dacey74
 New BrunswickRuss Howard74
 Newfoundland and LabradorBrad Gushue65
 QuebecGuy Hemmings65
 Northern OntarioScott Henderson56
 SaskatchewanDoug Harcourt56
 OntarioBryan Cochrane56
 ManitobaJohn Bubbs38
 Yukon/Northwest TerritoriesChad Cowan38
 Prince Edward IslandRobert Campbell110

Round robin results

All draw times are listed in Atlantic Standard Time (UTC−4).

Draw 1

Saturday, March 1, 3:00 pm

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Alberta (Ferbey) 1 0 2 0 2 0 0 5 X X 10
 Nova Scotia (Dacey) 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 X X 4
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Yukon/Northwest Territories (Cowan) 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 5
 Northern Ontario (Henderson) 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 6
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Saskatchewan (Harcourt) 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 5
 Newfoundland and Labrador (Gushue) 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 6
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Manitoba (Bubbs) 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 X 4
 New Brunswick (Howard) 2 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 X 6

Draw 2

Saturday, March 1, 8:00 pm

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Newfoundland and Labrador (Gushue) 2 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 6
 Yukon/Northwest Territories (Cowan) 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 1 7
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Quebec (Hemmings) 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 X 4
 Prince Edward Island (Campbell) 0 1 0 3 1 0 1 0 0 X 6
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Ontario (Cochrane) 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 5
 British Columbia (Ryan) 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 7
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Saskatchewan (Harcourt) 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 5
 Northern Ontario (Henderson) 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 2 2 8

Draw 3

Sunday, March 2, 9:00 am

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 New Brunswick (Howard) 2 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 7
 Alberta (Ferbey) 0 1 0 3 0 0 1 2 0 1 8
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Manitoba (Bubbs) 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 6
 Nova Scotia (Dacey) 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 7

Draw 4

Sunday, March 2, 3:00 pm

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Prince Edward Island (Campbell) 0 1 1 0 0 3 0 2 0 X 7
 Ontario (Cochrane) 0 0 0 4 1 0 5 0 2 X 12
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Northern Ontario (Henderson) 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 4
 Newfoundland and Labrador (Gushue) 0 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 6
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Yukon/Northwest Territories (Cowan) 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 X 6
 Saskatchewan (Harcourt) 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 X 3
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Quebec (Hemmings) 0 1 0 2 2 1 0 1 1 X 8
 British Columbia (Ryan) 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 X 3

Draw 5

Sunday, March 2, 8:00 pm

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Nova Scotia (Dacey) 1 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 8
 New Brunswick (Howard) 0 0 1 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 7
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Ontario (Cochrane) 1 0 1 0 4 0 1 0 X X 7
 Quebec (Hemmings) 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 X X 3
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 British Columbia (Ryan) 2 0 2 1 0 1 0 2 0 1 9
 Prince Edward Island (Campbell) 0 1 0 0 3 0 2 0 2 0 8
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Alberta (Ferbey) 0 1 0 0 4 0 1 3 X X 9
 Manitoba (Bubbs) 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 X X 3

Draw 6

Monday, March 3, 9:00 am

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Manitoba (Bubbs) 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 4
 Saskatchewan (Harcourt) 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 6
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 New Brunswick (Howard) 0 3 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 X 9
 Yukon/Northwest Territories (Cowan) 0 0 3 0 1 0 2 0 1 X 7
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Alberta (Ferbey) 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 2 X 5
 Newfoundland and Labrador (Gushue) 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 X 3
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Nova Scotia (Dacey) 3 0 0 0 0 3 0 2 0 X 8
 Northern Ontario (Henderson) 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 X 4

Draw 7

Monday, March 3, 3:00 pm

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Yukon/Northwest Territories (Cowan) 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 X 4
 British Columbia (Ryan) 0 1 0 3 0 1 1 0 1 X 7
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Saskatchewan (Harcourt) 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 6
 Prince Edward Island (Campbell) 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 0 5
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Northern Ontario (Henderson) 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 1 0 1 8
 Ontario (Cochrane) 0 1 0 1 2 0 1 0 1 0 6
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Newfoundland and Labrador (Gushue) 2 0 2 1 0 0 1 1 X X 7
 Quebec (Hemmings) 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 X X 3

Draw 8

Monday, March 3, 8:00 pm

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Quebec (Hemmings) 1 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 2 0 7
 Alberta (Ferbey) 0 2 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 3 9
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Ontario (Cochrane) 3 0 2 0 0 2 0 2 0 X 9
 Nova Scotia (Dacey) 0 1 0 2 0 0 2 0 2 X 7
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Prince Edward Island (Campbell) 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 3
 Manitoba (Bubbs) 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 4
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 British Columbia (Ryan) 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 1 X X 6
 New Brunswick (Howard) 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 X X 2

Draw 9

Tuesday, March 4, 9:00 am

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Prince Edward Island (Campbell) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 X X 4
 Nova Scotia (Dacey) 0 2 0 3 0 1 0 3 X X 9
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 British Columbia (Ryan) 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 X X 4
 Alberta (Ferbey) 0 2 0 3 1 0 2 0 X X 8
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Quebec (Hemmings) 1 2 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 X 7
 New Brunswick (Howard) 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 X 4
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Ontario (Cochrane) 1 0 0 3 0 1 0 1 0 X 6
 Manitoba (Bubbs) 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 X 3

Draw 10

Tuesday, March 4, 3:00 pm

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 New Brunswick (Howard) 3 0 0 2 0 2 0 2 X X 9
 Northern Ontario (Henderson) 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 X X 3
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Manitoba (Bubbs) 0 0 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 X 5
 Newfoundland and Labrador (Gushue) 1 2 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 X 7
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Nova Scotia (Dacey) 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 1 6
 Yukon/Northwest Territories (Cowan) 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 5
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Alberta (Ferbey) 2 0 2 0 1 1 0 2 0 X 8
 Saskatchewan (Harcourt) 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 X 6

Draw 11

Tuesday, March 4, 8:00 pm

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Newfoundland and Labrador (Gushue) 1 0 1 0 2 1 0 2 0 X 7
 Ontario (Cochrane) 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 X 4
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Northern Ontario (Henderson) 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 X X 4
 Quebec (Hemmings) 0 0 2 0 3 0 2 2 X X 9
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Saskatchewan (Harcourt) 1 0 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 2 8
 British Columbia (Ryan) 0 2 1 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 7
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Yukon/Northwest Territories (Cowan) 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 1 7
 Prince Edward Island (Campbell) 0 0 1 0 1 0 01 0 1 0 4

Draw 12

Wednesday, March 5, 9:00 am

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Saskatchewan (Harcourt) 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 5
 Quebec (Hemmings) 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 4
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Yukon/Northwest Territories (Cowan) 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 6
 Ontario (Cochrane) 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 1 0 2 7
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Newfoundland and Labrador (Gushue) 4 0 5 0 1 0 X X X X 10
 Prince Edward Island (Campbell) 0 1 0 1 0 1 X X X X 3
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Northern Ontario (Henderson) 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 7
 British Columbia (Ryan) 0 3 0 1 0 3 1 0 0 0 8

Draw 13

Wednesday, March 5, 3:00 pm

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 British Columbia (Ryan) 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 X 4
 Manitoba (Bubbs) 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 2 X 6
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Prince Edward Island (Campbell) 2 0 0 0 0 1 X X X X 3
 New Brunswick (Howard) 0 1 1 2 5 0 X X X X 9
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Ontario (Cochrane) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 X 3
 Alberta (Ferbey) 0 1 3 0 1 0 1 0 1 X 7
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Quebec (Hemmings) 3 1 0 2 0 0 2 X X X 8
 Nova Scotia (Dacey) 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 X X X 3

Draw 14

Wednesday, March 5, 8:00 pm

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Alberta (Ferbey) 2 0 3 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 9
 Yukon/Northwest Territories (Cowan) 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 2 0 8
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Nova Scotia (Dacey) 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 0 1 7
 Saskatchewan (Harcourt) 0 1 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 6
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Manitoba (Bubbs) 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 5
 Northern Ontario (Henderson) 1 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 2 1 8
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 New Brunswick (Howard) 3 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 3 8
 Newfoundland and Labrador (Gushue) 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 1 1 0 6

Draw 15

Thursday, March 6, 9:00 am

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Northern Ontario (Henderson) 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 7
 Prince Edward Island (Campbell) 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 6
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Newfoundland and Labrador (Gushue) 0 0 1 0 0 0 X X X X 1
 British Columbia (Ryan) 2 1 0 2 2 2 X X X X 9
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Yukon/Northwest Territories (Cowan) 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 X 5
 Quebec (Hemmings) 0 3 1 0 3 0 1 0 0 X 8
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Saskatchewan (Harcourt) 0 0 2 0 2 1 0 3 X X 8
 Ontario (Cochrane) 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 X X 4

Draw 16

Thursday, March 6, 3:00 pm

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Nova Scotia (Dacey) 0 1 0 4 2 0 0 0 0 1 8
 Newfoundland and Labrador (Gushue) 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 5
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Alberta (Ferbey) 0 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 2 X 8
 Northern Ontario (Henderson) 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 X 4
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 New Brunswick (Howard) 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 5 X 9
 Saskatchewan (Harcourt) 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 X 3
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Manitoba (Bubbs) 1 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 3 X 8
 Yukon/Northwest Territories (Cowan) 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 X 4

Draw 17

Thursday, March 6, 8:00 pm

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Ontario (Cochrane) 1 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 1 0 6
 New Brunswick (Howard) 0 0 1 1 0 3 0 2 0 1 8
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Quebec (Hemmings) 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 2 9
 Manitoba (Bubbs) 1 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 6
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 British Columbia (Ryan) 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 X 5
 Nova Scotia (Dacey) 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 X 1
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Prince Edward Island (Campbell) 2 1 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 0 8
 Alberta (Ferbey) 0 0 3 0 3 0 1 0 0 2 9

Playoffs

  Page playoffs Semifinal Final
                           
1  Alberta 8  
2  British Columbia 2         1  Alberta 7
      2  British Columbia 6   3  Nova Scotia 4
  3  Nova Scotia 9  
3  Nova Scotia 6
4  New Brunswick 4  

3 vs. 4

Friday, March 7, 3:00 pm

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Nova Scotia (Dacey) 0 0 1 0 3 0 1 0 1 X 6
 New Brunswick (Howard) 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 X 4
Player percentages
 Nova Scotia  New Brunswick
Andrew Gibson80% Grant Odishaw89%
Rob Harris75% Marc LeCocq76%
Bruce Lohnes81% James Grattan81%
Mark Dacey75% Russ Howard75%
Total78% Total80%

1 vs. 2

Friday, March 7, 8:00 pm

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Alberta (Ferbey) 1 1 0 3 2 1 0 X X X 8
 British Columbia (Ryan) 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 X X X 2
Player percentages
 Alberta  British Columbia
Marcel Rocque96% Kevin MacKenzie89%
Scott Pfeifer92% Deane Horning96%
Randy Ferbey84% Bob Ursel82%
David Nedohin96% Pat Ryan64%
Total92% Total83%

Semifinal

Saturday, March 8, 2:30 pm

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 British Columbia (Ryan) 0 2 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 X 6
 Nova Scotia (Dacey) 2 0 1 0 1 1 0 4 0 X 9
Player percentages
 British Columbia  Nova Scotia
Kevin MacKenzie88% Andrew Gibson86%
Deane Horning89% Rob Harris81%
Bob Ursel78% Bruce Lohnes90%
Pat Ryan78% Mark Dacey81%
Total83% Total85%

Final

Sunday, March 9, 7:00 pm

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Alberta (Ferbey) 1 0 1 0 1 0 2 1 2 X 8
 Nova Scotia (Dacey) 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 X 4
Player percentages
 Alberta  Nova Scotia
Marcel Rocque88% Andrew Gibson85%
Scott Pfeifer86% Rob Harris78%
Randy Ferbey86% Bruce Lohnes83%
David Nedohin96% Mark Dacey76%
Total89% Total81%

Statistics

Top 5 player percentages

Round Robin only

Leads%
Brian Wempe91
Marcel Rocque91
Grant Odishaw90
Mark Ward87
Kevin MacKenzie87
Seconds%
Scott Pfeifer87
Jean-Michel Ménard86
Marc LeCocq86
Greg Harcourt84
Dean Horning84
Thirds%
Randy Ferbey86
James Grattan84
Kevin Kalthoff82
Bob Ursel82
Bob Jenion81
Skips%
Russ Howard85
David Nedohin83
Brad Gushue82
Robert Campbell81
Guy Hemmings81

Team percentages

Round Robin only

ProvinceSkip%
 AlbertaRandy Ferbey87
 New BrunswickRuss Howard87
 SaskatchewanDoug Harcourt84
 British ColumbiaPat Ryan84
 Newfoundland and LabradorBrad Gushue83
 QuebecGuy Hemmings83
 OntarioBryan Cochrane82
 ManitobaJohn Bubbs81
 Prince Edward IslandRobert Campbell81
 Yukon/Northwest TerritoriesChad Cowan79
 Northern OntarioScott Henderson79
 Nova ScotiaMark Dacey79
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.