2014 CAF Champions League qualifying rounds

The qualifying rounds of the 2014 CAF Champions League were played from 7 February to 30 March 2014, to decide the eight teams which advanced to the group stage.[1]

2014 CAF Champions League qualifying rounds
Dates7 February – 30 March 2014

Draw

The draw for the preliminary, first and second qualifying rounds was held on 16 December 2013 in Marrakech, Morocco.[2][3] The entry round of each team was determined by their ranking points calculated based on performances in continental club championships for the period 2009–2013.

The following 58 teams were entered into the draw:

Byes to first round Entrants to preliminary round

Format

Qualification ties were played on a home-and-away two-legged basis. If the sides were level on aggregate after the second leg, the away goals rule was applied, and if still level, the tie proceeded directly to a penalty shoot-out (no extra time was played).[1]

Schedule

The schedule of each round was as follows.[4]

Round First leg Second leg
Preliminary round 7–9 February 2014 14–16 February 2014
First round 28 February–2 March 2014 7–9 March 2014
Second round 21–23 March 2014 28–30 March 2014

Preliminary round

The preliminary round included the 52 teams that did not receive byes to the first round.[5]

Team 1 Agg. Team 2 1st leg 2nd leg
Young Africans 12–2 Komorozine 7–0 5–2
Berekum Chelsea 2–2 (3–0 p) Atlabara 2–0 0–2
Al-Ahly Benghazi 4–2 Foullah Edifice 4–0 0–2
Gor Mahia 1–1 (4–2 p) US Bitam 1–0 0–1
Enyimba 4–3 Anges de Notsè 3–1 1–2
FAR Rabat 3–3 (a) AS Real Bamako 2–2 1–1
Les Astres 4–0 Akonangui 3–0 1–0
Asante Kotoko 2–2 (a) Barrack Young Controllers 2–1 0–1
Séwé Sport w/o Os Balantas — —
Dedebit 3–2 KMKM 3–0 0–2
Nouadhibou 1–4 Horoya 1–1 0–3
Raja Casablanca 8–1 Diamond Stars 6–0 2–1
Diables Noirs 1–2 Flambeau de l’Est 0–1 1–1
ES Sétif w/o Steve Biko — —
Diambars 1–1 (2–4 p) ASFA Yennenga 1–0 0–1
Sporting Praia Cruz 3–7 Stade Malien 3–2 0–5
AC Léopards 2–2 (a) Rayon Sports 0–0 2–2
Primeiro de Agosto 3–2 Lioli 2–0 1–2
Kaizer Chiefs 4–1 Black Africa 3–0 1–1
Liga Muçulmana 1–0 CNaPS Sport 1–0 0–0
Dynamos 4–1 Mochudi Centre Chiefs 3–0 1–1
AS Vita Club 4–3 Kano Pillars 3–1 1–2
Zamalek 3–0 AS Douanes Niamey 2–0 1–0
Kabuscorp 7–2 Côte d'Or 5–1 2–1
Mbabane Swallows 4–5 Nkana 2–0 2–5
Al-Merrikh 2–3 Kampala City Council 0–2 2–1
Young Africans 7–0 Komorozine
Ngasa  14', 65', 68'
Haroub  20'
Kavumbagu  57', 80'
Kiiza  60'		 Report
Referee: Hassan Mohamed Hagi (Somalia)
Komorozine 2–5 Young Africans
Anli  41'
Ismael  77'		 Report Kiiza  13'
Ngasa  22', 87', 90'
Msuva  37'
Referee: Allister Barra (Seychelles)

Young Africans won 12–2 on aggregate and advanced to the first round.

Berekum Chelsea 2–0 Atlabara
J. Owusu  53' (pen.), 90' Report
Referee: Antoine Effa Essouma (Cameroon)
Atlabara 2–0 Berekum Chelsea
Adams  61' (o.g.)
Wani  72'		 Report
Penalties
0–3
Referee: Djamal Aden (Djibouti)

Note: The second leg was played outside of South Sudan due to security concerns.[6]
2–2 on aggregate. Berekum Chelsea won the penalty shoot-out and advanced to the first round.

Al-Ahly Benghazi 4–0 Foullah Edifice
Sadomba  26', 87'
Fetori  55' (pen.)
Al Mehdi  71'		 Report
Referee: Hicham Tiazi (Morocco)
Foullah Edifice 2–0 Al-Ahly Benghazi
Matibeye  18', 63' Report
Referee: Oumarou Alain Ouedraogo (Burkina Faso)

Note: The first leg was played outside of Libya due to security concerns.[7]
Al-Ahly Benghazi won 4–2 on aggregate and advanced to the first round.

Gor Mahia 1–0 US Bitam
Sserunkuma  76' (pen.) Report
Referee: Denis Batte (Uganda)
US Bitam 1–0 Gor Mahia
Massamba  12' Report
Penalties
2–4
Referee: Jerry Yekeh (Liberia)

1–1 on aggregate. Gor Mahia won the penalty shoot-out and advanced to the first round.

Enyimba 3–1 Anges de Notsè
Gwar  82', 90'
Sokari  85'		 Report Tchalla  41'
Referee: Bienvenu Sinko (Ivory Coast)
Anges de Notsè 2–1 Enyimba
Laba  29'
Tchalla  80'		 Report Bashir  66'
Referee: Falou Galasse Kane (Senegal)

Enyimba won 4–3 on aggregate and advanced to the first round.

FAR Rabat 2–2 AS Real Bamako
Biat  85'
Aqqal  90+6'		 Report Doumbia  77'
Cissé  79'
Referee: Mohamed Ragab Omar (Libya)
AS Real Bamako 1–1 FAR Rabat
Coulibaly  5' Report Aqqal  48'
Referee: Ferdinand Udoh (Nigeria)

3–3 on aggregate. AS Real Bamako won on the away goals rule and advanced to the first round.

Les Astres 3–0 Akonangui
Namatchoua  15'
Fossouo  19', 78'		 Report
Referee: Yves Roponat (Gabon)
Akonangui 0–1 Les Astres
Report Ebah  75'
Referee: Adam Cordier (Chad)

Les Astres won 4–0 on aggregate and advanced to the first round.

Asante Kotoko 2–1 Barrack Young Controllers
Adusei  38' (pen.), 72' (pen.) Report Pupo  40'
Referee: Boukari Ouedraogo (Burkina Faso)
Barrack Young Controllers 1–0 Asante Kotoko
Nimely  87' Report
Referee: Mohamed Hamada (Mauritania)

2–2 on aggregate. Barrack Young Controllers won on the away goals rule and advanced to the first round.

Séwé Sport Cancelled Os Balantas
Report
Referee: Brice Igue (Benin)
Os Balantas Cancelled Séwé Sport
Report
Referee: Baba Leno (Guinea)

Séwé Sport advanced to the first round after Os Balantas withdrew.[8]

Dedebit 3–0 KMKM
Fekadu  16'
Gugsa  52'
George  84'		 Report
Referee: Badr El Din Abdel Ghadir (Sudan)
KMKM 2–0 Dedebit
Kapenta  3'
Muhibu  56'		 Report
Referee: Alex Nsulumbi (Uganda)

Dedebit won 3–2 on aggregate and advanced to the first round.

Nouadhibou 1–1 Horoya
Traoré  14' Report Nikièma  40'
Referee: Tangba Kambou (Ivory Coast)
Horoya 3–0 Nouadhibou
Keïta  33'
Camara  90'
Soumah  90+2'		 Report
Referee: Victor Manuel Rocha Lima (Cape Verde)

Horoya won 4–1 on aggregate and advanced to the first round.

Raja Casablanca 6–0 Diamond Stars
Iajour  8', 47', 66', 82'
Hafidi  22'
El Ouadi  55'		 Report
Referee: Gomno Daouda (Niger)
Diamond Stars 1–2 Raja Casablanca
Fofanah  83' Report Mabidé  54'
Zemmama  90'
Referee: Daouda Kebe (Senegal)

Raja Casablanca won 8–1 on aggregate and advanced to the first round.

Diables Noirs 0–1 Flambeau de l’Est
Report Hakizimana  90'
Referee: Alhadi Mahamat (Chad)

Flambeau de l’Est won 2–1 on aggregate and advanced to the first round.

ES Sétif Cancelled Steve Biko
Report
Referee: Youssef Essrayri (Tunisia)
Steve Biko Cancelled ES Sétif
Report
Referee: Kossi Sedjro (Togo)

ES Sétif advanced to the first round after Steve Biko withdrew.[9]

Diambars 1–0 ASFA Yennenga
Keita  75' Report
Referee: Henry Ogunyamodi (Nigeria)
ASFA Yennenga 1–0 Diambars
Nabi  75' Report
Penalties
4–2
Referee: Ousmane Karembe (Mali)

1–1 on aggregate. ASFA Yennenga won the penalty shoot-out and advanced to the first round.

Sporting Praia Cruz 3–2 Stade Malien
Jair  25' (pen.), 80'
Zé  70'		 Report Sissoko  40', 55'
Referee: Sheriff Njie (Gambia)
Stade Malien 5–0 Sporting Praia Cruz
L. Diawara  19', 30', 73'
Sissoko  26' (pen.)
M. Diawara  90+4' (pen.)		 Report
Referee: Mohamed Farouk Mahmoud (Egypt)

Stade Malien won 7–3 on aggregate and advanced to the first round.

AC Léopards 0–0 Rayon Sports
Report
Referee: Jean-Jacques Ndala Ngambo (Congo DR)
Rayon Sports 2–2 AC Léopards
Moubhibo  45' (o.g.)
Amissi  45+3'		 Report Gandzé  57'
Cissé  59'
Referee: Israel Mujuni (Tanzania)

2–2 on aggregate. AC Léopards won on the away goals rule and advanced to the first round.

Primeiro de Agosto 2–0 Lioli
Amaro  5'
Mateus  74'		 Report
Referee: Nelson Fred (Seychelles)
Lioli 2–1 Primeiro de Agosto
Kloete  38' (pen.)
Sello  82'		 Report Afonso  5'
Referee: Norman Matemera (Zimbabwe)

Primeiro de Agosto won 3–2 on aggregate and advanced to the first round.

Kaizer Chiefs 3–0 Black Africa
Masango  18'
Nkhatha  32', 86'		 Report
Referee: Ruzive Ruzive (Zimbabwe)
Black Africa 1–1 Kaizer Chiefs
Stephanus  58' Report Nkhatha  10'
Referee: Hélder Martins de Carvalho (Angola)

Kaizer Chiefs won 4–1 on aggregate and advanced to the first round.

Liga Muçulmana 1–0 CNaPS Sport
Sonito  15' Report
Referee: Lekgotia Johannes (Botswana)
CNaPS Sport 0–0 Liga Muçulmana
Report
Referee: Kulasande Qongqo (South Africa)

Liga Muçulmana won 1–0 on aggregate and advanced to the first round.

Dynamos 3–0 Mochudi Centre Chiefs
Pakamisa  48', 71' (pen.)
Mambare  78'		 Report
Referee: Aníbal António (Mozambique)
Mochudi Centre Chiefs 1–1 Dynamos
Tshekiso  73' Report Chitiyo  43'
Referee: Andreas Helmut (Namibia)

Dynamos won 4–1 on aggregate and advanced to the first round.

AS Vita Club 3–1 Kano Pillars
Mubele  11'
Basisila  45'
Mabidi  56'		 Report Ali  31'
Referee: Jean Marie Koyakobo (Central African Republic)
Kano Pillars 2–1 AS Vita Club
Umar  67'
Haruna  70'		 Report Etekiama  3'
Referee: Lalidia Souleymane (Niger)

AS Vita Club won 4–3 on aggregate and advanced to the first round.

Zamalek 2–0 AS Douanes Niamey
Ibrahim  35' (pen.)
Zakaria  85'		 Report
Attendance: 10,000
Referee: Noureddine El Jaafari (Morocco)
AS Douanes Niamey 0–1 Zamalek
Report Emam  65'
Referee: Aurélien Juenkou (Cameroon)

Zamalek won 3–0 on aggregate and advanced to the first round.

Kabuscorp 5–1 Côte d'Or
Lami  33'
Breco  43'
Love  57'
Mputu  63' (pen.)
Lunguinha  69'		 Report Basset  51'
Referee: Dennis Nguluwe (Malawi)
Côte d'Or 1–2 Kabuscorp
Labiche  88' Report Saviola  12'
Mpele Mpele  80'
Referee: Abdoul Kanoso (Madagascar)

Kabuscorp won 7–2 on aggregate and advanced to the first round.

Mbabane Swallows 2–0 Nkana
Matanda  61'
Badenhorst  66'		 Report
Referee: Sentso Mohau (Lesotho)
Nkana 5–2 Mbabane Swallows
Kampamba  19', 29' (pen.)
S. Bwalya  31', 63', 77'		 Report Matanda  5'
Nhleko  71'
Referee: Tirelo Mositwane (Botswana)

Nkana won 5–4 on aggregate and advanced to the first round.

Al-Merrikh 0–2 Kampala City Council
Report Wasswa  20'
Odur  22'
Referee: Luelseghed Ghebremichael (Eritrea)
Kampala City Council 1–2 Al-Merrikh
Odur  7' Report El-Basha  40'
Traoré  76'
Referee: Thierry Nkurunziza (Burundi)

Kampala City Council won 3–2 on aggregate and advanced to the first round.

First round

The first round included 32 teams: the 26 winners of the preliminary round, and the 6 teams that received byes to this round.[10]

Team 1 Agg. Team 2 1st leg 2nd leg
Young Africans 1–1 (3–4 p) Al-Ahly 1–0 0–1
Berekum Chelsea 1–3 Al-Ahly Benghazi 1–1 0–2
Gor Mahia 2–8 Espérance de Tunis 2–3 0–5
Enyimba 2–2 (a) AS Real Bamako 1–2 1–0
Les Astres 1–4 TP Mazembe 1–1 0–3
Barrack Young Controllers 3–4 Séwé Sport 3–3 0–1
Dedebit 1–4 CS Sfaxien 1–2 0–2
Horoya 1–1 (5–4 p) Raja Casablanca 1–0 0–1
Flambeau de l’Est 1–5 Coton Sport 1–0 0–5
ES Sétif 5–0 ASFA Yennenga 5–0 0–0
Stade Malien 0–2 Al-Hilal 0–0 0–2
AC Léopards 4–3 Primeiro de Agosto 4–1 0–2
Kaizer Chiefs 7–0 Liga Muçulmana 4–0 3–0
Dynamos 0–1 AS Vita Club 0–0 0–1
Zamalek 1–0 Kabuscorp 1–0 0–0
Nkana 4–3 Kampala City Council 2–2 2–1
Young Africans 1–0 Al-Ahly
Haroub  82' Report
Referee: Bazezew Belete (Ethiopia)
Al-Ahly 1–0 Young Africans
Moawad  71' Report
Penalties
4–3
Attendance: 0

1–1 on aggregate. Al-Ahly won the penalty shoot-out and advanced to the second round.

Berekum Chelsea 1–1 Al-Ahly Benghazi
O. Owusu  90+5' Report Jabason  57'
Referee: Ousmane Karembe (Mali)
Al-Ahly Benghazi 2–0 Berekum Chelsea
Zuway  26'
Sadomba  37'		 Report
Referee: Abubakar Ago (Nigeria)

Note: The second leg was played outside of Libya due to security concerns.
Al-Ahly Benghazi won 3–1 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

Note: The second leg was postponed from 9 March 2014 due to torrential rains.[11]
Espérance de Tunis won 8–2 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

Enyimba 1–2 AS Real Bamako
Gwar  44' Report Cissé  64'
Samaké  76'
Referee: Mohamed Farouk Mahmoud (Egypt)
AS Real Bamako 0–1 Enyimba
Report Zakka  23'
Referee: Bakary Camara (Gambia)

2–2 on aggregate. AS Real Bamako won on the away goals rule and advanced to the second round.

Les Astres 1–1 TP Mazembe
Namatchoua  75' Report Sakuwaha  65' (pen.)
TP Mazembe 3–0 Les Astres
Coulibaly  31'
Bolingi  37'
Sakuwaha  50'		 Report
Referee: Denis Batte (Uganda)

TP Mazembe won 4–1 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

Barrack Young Controllers 3–3 Séwé Sport
Pupo  39'
Nimely  63'
Saydee  85'		 Report Dembélé  9'
Kouamé  24'
Kouao  53'

Séwé Sport won 4–3 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

Dedebit 1–2 CS Sfaxien
Fekadu  35' Report Ben Youssef  30'
Derbali  74'
Referee: Davies Omweno (Kenya)
CS Sfaxien 2–0 Dedebit
Ben Youssef  61'
Challouf  71'		 Report
Referee: Thierry Nkurunziza (Burundi)

CS Sfaxien won 4–1 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

Horoya 1–0 Raja Casablanca
Keïta  27' Report
Raja Casablanca 1–0 Horoya
Iajour  87' Report
Penalties
4–5
Referee: Adam Cordier (Chad)

1–1 on aggregate. Horoya won the penalty shoot-out and advanced to the second round.

Flambeau de l’Est 1–0 Coton Sport
Shabani  4' Report
Referee: Hudu Munyemana (Rwanda)
Coton Sport 5–0 Flambeau de l’Est
Yossanguim  21'
Daouda  28'
Souleymanou  72'
Kako  77', 90'		 Report
Referee: Jean-Jacques Ndala Ngambo (Congo DR)

Coton Sport won 5–1 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

ES Sétif 5–0 ASFA Yennenga
Belameiri  18'
Benhadouche  37', 42'
Nadji  69'
Djahnit  90+4'		 Report
Referee: Slim Jedidi (Tunisia)
ASFA Yennenga 0–0 ES Sétif
Report
Referee: Sékou Ahmed Touré (Guinea)

ES Sétif won 5–0 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

Stade Malien 0–0 Al-Hilal
Report
Referee: Kokou Fagla (Togo)

Al-Hilal won 2–0 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

AC Léopards 4–1 Primeiro de Agosto
Kalema  3', 54' (pen.)
Gandzé  30', 64'		 Ary Papel  35'
Referee: Ali Adelaïd (Comoros)
Primeiro de Agosto 2–0 AC Léopards
Afonso  3'
Amaro  48' (pen.)
Referee: Ganesh Chutooree (Mauritius)

AC Léopards won 4–3 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

Kaizer Chiefs 4–0 Liga Muçulmana
Musona  14'
Tshabalala  24'
Rusike  80'
Mathoho  88'		 Report
Referee: Nelson Fred (Seychelles)
Liga Muçulmana 0–3 Kaizer Chiefs
Report Musona  17', 25', 33' (pen.)
Referee: Wellington Kaoma (Zambia)

Kaizer Chiefs won 7–0 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

AS Vita Club 1–0 Dynamos
Etekiama  38' (pen.) Report
Referee: Anthony Ramsy Raphael (Malawi)

AS Vita Club won 1–0 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

Zamalek 1–0 Kabuscorp
Fathalla  55'
Referee: Mutaz Khairalla (Sudan)

Zamalek won 1–0 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

Nkana 2–2 Kampala City Council
Kampamba  37'
Musonda  51'		 Report Odur  25'
Majwega  80' (pen.)
Referee: Djamal Aden (Djibouti)
Kampala City Council 1–2 Nkana
Majwega  49' Report C. Bwalya  31'
Munthali  59'
Referee: Rainhold Shikongo (Namibia)

Nkana won 4–3 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

Second round

The second round included the 16 winners of the first round.[12]

The winners of each tie advanced to the group stage, while the losers entered the Confederation Cup play-off round.[1]

Team 1 Agg. Team 2 1st leg 2nd leg
Al-Ahly Benghazi 4–2 Al-Ahly 1–0 3–2
AS Real Bamako 1–4 Espérance de Tunis 1–1 0–3
Séwé Sport 2–2 (a) TP Mazembe 2–1 0–1
Horoya 0–3 CS Sfaxien 0–1 0–2
ES Sétif 2–0 Coton Sport 1–0 1–0
AC Léopards 1–1 (a) Al-Hilal 1–1 0–0
AS Vita Club 3–2 Kaizer Chiefs 3–0 0–2
Nkana 0–5 Zamalek 0–0 0–5
Al-Ahly 2–3 Al-Ahly Benghazi
Nagieb  40'
Gamal  75'		 Report Fetori  42' (pen.)
Farag  52'
Al Mehdi  58'

Note: The first leg was played outside of Libya due to security concerns.
Al-Ahly Benghazi won 4–2 on aggregate and advanced to the group stage. Al-Ahly entered the Confederation Cup play-off round.

AS Real Bamako 1–1 Espérance de Tunis
Doumbia  78' Report Jouini  27'
Referee: Joshua Bondo (Botswana)

Espérance de Tunis won 4–1 on aggregate and advanced to the group stage. AS Real Bamako entered the Confederation Cup play-off round.

Séwé Sport 2–1 TP Mazembe
Assalé  36'
Kouamé  85' (pen.)		 Report Samatta  89'
Referee: Mohamed Farouk Mahmoud (Egypt)
TP Mazembe 1–0 Séwé Sport
Samatta  66' Report
Referee: Hudu Munyemana (Rwanda)

2–2 on aggregate. TP Mazembe won on the away goals rule and advanced to the group stage. Séwé Sport entered the Confederation Cup play-off round.

Horoya 0–1 CS Sfaxien
Report Ben Youssef  60'
Referee: Antonio Muachihuissa Caxala (Angola)
CS Sfaxien 2–0 Horoya
Ben Youssef  11'
Moncer  26'		 Report
Referee: Mahamadou Keita (Mali)

CS Sfaxien won 3–0 on aggregate and advanced to the group stage. Horoya entered the Confederation Cup play-off round.

ES Sétif 1–0 Coton Sport
Belameiri  45+2' Report
Referee: Hagi Wiish (Somalia)

ES Sétif won 2–0 on aggregate and advanced to the group stage. Coton Sport entered the Confederation Cup play-off round.

AC Léopards 1–1 Al-Hilal
Ndey  44' Report Careca  22'
Referee: Maguette N'Diaye (Senegal)

1–1 on aggregate. Al-Hilal won on the away goals rule and advanced to the group stage. AC Léopards entered the Confederation Cup play-off round.

AS Vita Club 3–0 Kaizer Chiefs
Mubele  10', 35', 47' Report
Referee: Bienvenu Sinko (Ivory Coast)
Kaizer Chiefs 2–0 AS Vita Club
Musona  9'
Gould  90+2'		 Report
Referee: Rainhold Shikongo (Namibia)

AS Vita Club won 3–2 on aggregate and advanced to the group stage. Kaizer Chiefs entered the Confederation Cup play-off round.

Nkana 0–0 Zamalek
Report
Referee: Davies Omweno (Kenya)
Zamalek 5–0 Nkana
Tawfik  20'
Zakaria  35'
Gaber  47'
Emam  60'
Gaafar  70'		 Report

Zamalek won 5–0 on aggregate and advanced to the group stage. Nkana entered the Confederation Cup play-off round.

References
  1. "Regulations of the CAF Champions League" (PDF). Confédération Africaine de Football. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
  2. "Fixtures of 2014 Orange CAF Champions League". Cafonline.com. 16 December 2013.
  3. "Fixtures of 2014 Orange CAF Champions League" (PDF). Cafonline.com. 16 December 2013.
  4. "2014 Competitions Calendar" (PDF). Cafonline.com.
  5. "CAF Champions League 2014 – Preliminary Round". African Soccer Weebly. Archived from the original on 2014-05-13. Retrieved 2014-05-13.
  6. "When Sudan united for 90 minutes". A Football Report. 26 February 2014.
  7. "Coupes Africaines : Les clubs libyens joueront à Tunis" (in French). GlobalNet. 4 February 2014.
  8. "Côte d'Ivoire : Le Sewe se qualifie pour les 16è de finales de la ligue des champions après le forfait de son adversaire" (in French). KOACI.com. 5 February 2014. Archived from the original on 6 February 2014. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
  9. "CAF-Ligue des champions : Steve Biko forfait, l'ESS qualifiée aux 16es" (in French). Competition.dz. Archived from the original on 2014-02-21. Retrieved 2014-02-06.
  10. "CAF Champions League 2014 – First Round". African Soccer Weebly. Archived from the original on 2014-05-13. Retrieved 2014-05-13.
  11. "Esperance-Gor Mahia delayed by 24-hours". cafonline.com. 9 March 2014.
  12. "CAF Champions League 2014 – Second Round". African Soccer Weebly. Archived from the original on 2014-05-13. Retrieved 2014-05-13.
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