2020 Swiss referendums

Several federal referendums were held in Switzerland in 2020, with voting on 9 February, 27 September and 29 November.[1] Voting was also planned for 17 May, but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

February referendums

Two referendums were held on 9 February, with voters asked whether they approve of a popular initiative to increase affordable housing by promoting housing cooperatives, and an optional referendum on whether legislation preventing discrimination based on sexual orientation should be overturned or retained.[2]

The affordable housing initiative – to require 10% of new flats to be owned by housing cooperatives and abolish government subsidies for renovating luxury flats – was put forward by the national alliance of tenants' association and supported by left-leaning parties, and was approved after 106,000 signatures were submitted.[3] The vote on the anti-discrimination in respect of sexual orientation legislation was initiated by the Federal Democratic Union and the youth wing of the Swiss People's Party (Young SVP) after the legislation was approved in December 2018.[4][5] A December 2019 opinion poll showed support for the affordable housing at 66% with 30% against, while overturning the anti-discrimination legislation had the support of only 28% of voters, with 69% against.[4]

The affordable housing proposal was rejected by 57% of voters, although more than 60% voted in favour in Basel and Geneva, areas more affected by the lack of affordable housing.[6] The anti-discrimination legislation was approved by 63% of voters, with the strongest support in the canton of Vaud.[7][8]

Results

Question	For		Against		Invalid/ blank	Total votes	Registered voters	Turnout	Cantons for		Cantons against		Result
	Votes	%	Votes	%					Full	Half	Full	Half
Affordable housing	963,610	42.9	1,280,148	57.1	34,837	2,278,908	5,467,714	41.68%	4	1	16	5	Rejected
Retaining anti-discrimination legislation	1,413,609	63.1	827,361	36.9	38,366	2,279,761		41.69%					Approved
Source: Federal Chancellery, Federal Chancellery

September referendums

Three referendums were initially scheduled for 17 May 2020 but were rescheduled (by a decision of the Federal Council of 18 March 2020) for 27 September 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This was the first cancellation of a federal referendum since 1951 when polling was postponed due to an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease.[9][10][11] The referendums were: one on the "For moderate immigration (limitation initiative)" popular initiative; one on a 2019 amendment of the federal Law on Hunting; and one on the 2019 amendment of the Federal Law on Federal Direct Tax regarding tax deductions for childcare expenses.

Immigration restriction referendum

The immigration initiative proposed ending the free movement of people into Switzerland with the European Union (EU) that was initially granted under the 1999 Agreement on the Free Movement of People. Under the agreements, citizens of the EU have the right to live and work in Switzerland and citizens of Switzerland have the right to live and work in the EU. The government recognizes professional qualifications, the right to buy property and social insurance benefits.[12] The referendum, which was sponsored by the Swiss People's Party (SVP),[13] requires that the government terminate the agreement within one year of passage. It would also bar the government from concluding any agreements that would grant the free movement of people to foreign nationals.

Between 1990 and 2020, the population of Switzerland increased from 6.6 million to 8.6 million. Of the total population, 25% are non-Swiss, with most of those being primarily from the EU.[14] This is the second major anti-immigration initiative supported by the SVP in the last decade. The 2014 Swiss immigration initiative passed with a narrow majority of 50.33%; however protracted negotiations with the EU resulted in a 2016 compromise agreement that the SVP criticized as weak. The SVP has argued that the free movement hurts older Swiss workers, who would lose their jobs to young immigrants from the EU. Opponents have argued that, because of guillotine clauses in the bilateral agreements with the EU, this would terminate the Bilateral I agreements with the EU which include provisions on the reduction of trade barriers as well as barriers in agriculture, land transport and civil aviation.[15] Germany is Switzerland's largest market with more cross-border trade amounting to more than Switzerland's trade with China and the United States combined.[14] Most major parties in Switzerland oppose the initiative.[16] The referendum failed to pass.[17]

Federal tax allowance for children referendum

The referendum on the federal tax allowance for children was supported by the Social Democratic Party.[18] In 2019, the Parliament approved a law to increase the income allowance for children from 6,500 to 10,000 CHF. The benefits would flow to those that pay the federal direct tax, which would include approximately 60% of families, primarily with taxable income above 100,000 CHF;[19] the Social Democratic Party opposed the changes, charging that they would benefit wealthier families and sought the refendum to block the implementation.[18] The think tank Avenir Suisse estimated that the increase in the child allowance, if passed, would cost 370 million CHF in lost revenue.[18]

Hunting law referendum

Placard (in German) against the revised hunting law.

The hunting law referendum asked voters whether legal changes making it easier to kill wolves should be blocked.[20][21] The changes were approved by the Federal Council and the parliament. After the reintroduction of wolves to Switzerland, packs have increased and 300 to 500 farm animals are killed by wolves each year.[22] Prior to the change, the hunting law allowed killing wolves only if they have killed more than 25 goats or sheep within one month.[23] The changes in the law would allow preemptive hunting of wolves if they are too close to herds or villages. It would also limit compensation to farmers that do not protect their herds with dogs or fences.[22] Opponents argued that killing of wolves could increase attacks on livestock as it would disintegrate packs and force young wolves to hunt for easy prey rather than big game.[23] The Green Party and the Social Democratic Party joined with animal conservation groups to oppose implementation of the new law. They submitted 65,000 valid signatures to place the measure on the ballot.[22][24]

Fighter jet purchase referendum

The referendum to block the purchase of new fighter aircraft to replace the Swiss military's existing fleet of F-5s and F/A-18s was supported by the Group for a Switzerland Without an Army, the Social Democratic Party and the Green Party. The Federal Council and the Parliament had approved the purchase at a cost of 6 billion CHF.[25] Viola Amherd, the head of the Defence Department, supported the purchase because the existing F-5s are more than 40 years old and fly only in good weather and the useful life of the F-18 will end in 2030.[26] The opponents have branded the purchase as wasteful and argued that air police services could be conducted with lower-cost light fighters. Opponents of the acquisition submitted more than 65,000 valid signatures to place the referendum on the ballot.[25] The government will require that Swiss firms receive contracts amounting to 60% of the purchase price. Should the referendum pass, the government would be authorized to purchase the fighters with the Lockheed Martin F-35, the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, Dassault Rafale and Eurofighter Typhoon.[27][28]

Paternity leave referendum

A referendum to block a new paternity-leave law was supported by elements of the SVP. In 2019, the Parliament passed a law giving fathers two weeks of leave at 80% of gross income after the birth of a child. The leave will be paid by the Federal Social Insurance office and will be funded by contributions from both workers and employees at an estimated cost of 230 million CHF annually.[29] Switzerland had been the only country in Western Europe without paternity leave.[30][31] Susanne Brunner and Diana Gutjahr of the SVP advocated for the referendum and worked to collect the necessary 50,000 signatures to oppose what they consider to be additional interference in the labor market and a burden on employers from additional costs and taxes.[32] The Social Democrats, Greens, the Christian Democratic Party, the Green Liberals and the Conservative Democratic Party all supported paternity leave; the national SVP opposed paternity leave, although some sections of the party supported it.[29] FDP.The Liberals supported paternity leave in parliament but did not endorse a side in the referendum.[33][29]

Preliminary results

Question	For		Against		Invalid/ blank	Total votes	Registered voters	Turnout	Cantons for		Cantons against		Result
	Votes	%	Votes	%					Full	Half	Full	Half
"For moderate immigration" initiative	1,233,809	38.29	1,988,120	61.71				59.47	3	1	17	5	Rejected
Federal law on hunting amendment	1,530,031	48.08	1,652,010	51.92				59.27	11	4	9	2	Rejected
Federal law on federal direct tax amendment	1,163,473	36.76	2,001,186	63.24				59.14	2	0	18	6	Rejected
Paternity leave	1,930,852	60.32	1,270,094	39.68				59.29	15	2	5	4	Approved
Procuring new fighter aircraft	1,604,899	50.15	1,595,156	49.85				59.36	14	4	6	2	Approved
Source: Federal Chancellery

November referendums

Banner (in French) supporting the responsible business initiative.

Results of the responsible business initiative by canton.

Flag of the initiative to limit financing of weapon production.

Two referendums were scheduled for 29 November, both of which were popular initiatives:[34] "Responsible companies – to protect human beings and the environment"[35] and "For a ban on financing producers of war material".[36]

The "Responsible Companies" initiative failed despite receiving a majority of the popular vote due to its rejection by a majority of the cantons.[37][38][39] The initiative to ban the funding of weapons makers also failed.[40]

Preliminary results

Question	For		Against		Invalid/ blank	Total votes	Registered voters	Turnout	Cantons for		Cantons against		Result
	Votes	%	Votes	%					Full	Half	Full	Half
Responsible companies	1,299,173	50.73	1,261,673	49.27					8	1	12	5	Rejected
Ban on financing weapon production	1,081,731	42.55	1,460,755	57.45					3	1	17	5	Rejected
Source: Federal Chancellery

References

1. Dates des votations des 20 prochaines années Federal Chancellery
2. Vote 9 February 2020 SwissInfo
3. Tenants force vote to curb pricey rents SwissInfo, 18 October 2016
4. Poll finds tighter anti-homophobia rules have broad support SwissInfo, 20 December 2019
5. Why one party is opposing the criminalisation of homophobia SwissInfo, 10 January 2019
6. Voters reject ‘affordable housing’ initiative SwissInfo, 9 February 2020
7. Swiss roundly back protection against LGB discrimination SwissInfo, 9 February 2020
8. Oltermann, Philip (9 February 2020). "Swiss vote to approve legislation to protect LGBTQ+ rights". The Guardian.
9. "Coronavirus : La votation populaire fédérale du 17 mai 2020 n’aura pas lieu " Federal Council, 18 March 2020
10. "Virus forces delay of vote on EU free movement deal". Swissinfo. 18 March 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
11. "Swiss direct democracy to resume in September with packed agenda". Swissinfo. 29 April 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
12. "Free Movement of Persons Switzerland – EU/EFTA". State Secretariat for Migration. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
13. Shields, Michael (23 September 2020). "With echoes of Brexit, Swiss set to vote on immigration". Reuters. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
14. "Switzerland gets ready to vote on ending free movement with EU". BBC. 26 September 2020.
15. "«Gegen Personenfreizügigkeit»: SVP lanciert die Kampagne" (in German). Swiss Radio and Television. 11 August 2020.
16. "Komitee präsentiert Argumente gegen Begrenzungsinitiative" (in German). Swiss Radio and Television. 30 June 2020.
17. Achoui-Lesage, Nadine; Jordans, Frank (27 September 2020). "Swiss reject nationalist plan to limit jobs for EU citizens". Associated Press. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
18. "Avenir Suisse unterstützt SP im Kampf gegen Steuervorteile" (in German). 5 February 2020.
19. "Bundesrat wirbt für Erhöhung der Kinderabzüge" (in German). Swiss Radio and Television. 3 July 2020.
20. Miller, John (25 September 2020). "Guns versus dogs: Swiss decide Sunday on law to ease curbs on wolf shooting". Reuters. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
21. "Switzerland referendum: Voters reject end to free movement with EU". BBC. 27 September 2020. In addition, voters narrowly approved a government plan to buy new fighter jets, and blocked a revision of Switzerland's hunting law which would have made it easier to cull protected species such as wolves.
22. "Bundesrat hält Jagdgesetz für «guten Kompromiss»" (in German). Swiss Radio and Television. 27 February 2020.
23. "Das sind die wichtigsten Argumente der Befürworter und Gegner" (in German). Swiss Radio and Television. 25 July 2020.
24. "65'000 Unterschriften gegen revidiertes Jagdgesetz" (in German). Swiss Radio and Television. 13 January 2020.
25. "Fast 90'000 Unterschriften: Kampfjet-Gegner reichen Referendum ein". Aargauer Zeitung (in German). 17 June 2020.
26. "Neue Kampfjets sind für Viola Amherd unverzichtbar" (in German). Swiss Radio and Television. 26 June 2020.
27. "Swiss set to vote on multi-billion fighter jet purchase". Swissinfo.com. 26 September 2020.
28. Revill, John (21 September 2020). "'Who is our enemy?' Neutral Switzerland votes on fighter jets". Reuters. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
29. "Vaterschaftsurlaub: die Vorlage auf einen Blick". Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in German). 10 August 2020.
30. Illien, Noele (27 September 2020). "Switzerland Votes to Approve Paternity Leave". New York Times.
31. Illien, Noele (25 September 2020). "Swiss to Vote on Paternity Leave: Nice to Have or Essential?". New York Times.
32. "Volk entscheidet wohl über «Papizeit»". Tages Anzeiger (in German). 15 June 2020.
33. "Zuerst ja, dann nein, schliesslich weder noch: FDP beschliesst Stimmfreigabe zum Vaterschaftsurlaub". Aargauer Zeitung (in German). 14 August 2020.
34. "Objects of the popular vote of November 29, 2020". Swiss Federal Council. 1 July 2020. Retrieved 7 August 2020. (in French)
35. Hughes Neghaiwi, Brenna (26 November 2020). "Business rights or human rights? Swiss vote shines spotlight on companies". Reuters. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
36. Revill, John (23 November 2020). "Swiss to vote on banning the funding of weapons makers". Reuters. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
37. "Plan to boost big Swiss firms' liability fails in referendum". Associated Press. 29 November 2020. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
38. Hughes Neghaiwi, Brenna (29 November 2020). "Swiss firms narrowly avoid 'Responsible Business' liability as vote divides nation". Reuters. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
39. Davis Plüss, Jessica (29 November 2020). "Responsible business initiative rejected at the ballot box". Swissinfo. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
40. Geiser, Urs (29 November 2020). "Swiss throw out ban on funding of weapons makers". Swissinfo. Retrieved 12 December 2020.