2S7 Pion

The 2S7 Pion ("peony") or Malka is a Soviet self-propelled 203mm heavy artillery. "2S7" is its GRAU designation.

2S7 Pion
Type	Self-propelled artillery
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
In service	1976–present
Wars	Soviet–Afghan War First Chechen War Second Chechen War Russo-Georgian War War in Donbass 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
Production history
Produced	1975–1990
Specifications
Mass	46.5 tons
Length	10.5 m (34 ft 5 in)
Width	3.38 m (11 ft 1 in)
Height	3 m (9 ft 10 in)
Crew	7
Caliber	203 mm
Barrels	1
Effective firing range	37.5-55km
Armor	10mm max.
Main armament	203 mm 2A44 gun
Engine	V-46-I V12 turbocharged diesel 840 hp
Suspension	torsion bar
Operational range	Road: 650 km (400 mi)
Maximum speed	50 km/h (31 mph)

It was identified for the first time in 1975 in the Soviet Army and so was called M-1975 by NATO (the 2S4 Tyulpan also received the M-1975 designation), whereas its official designation is SO-203 (2S7). Its design is based on a T-80 chassis carrying an externally mounted 2A44 203 mm gun on the hull rear.

Description

It takes the crew of seven men 5–6 minutes to come into action and 3–5 minutes to come out of action. It carries four 203 mm projectiles for immediate use. It is capable of firing nuclear ammunition. The gun has a range of 37,500 m, but this can be extended to 55,500 m by using RAPs (Rocket Assisted Projectiles). The Pion has been the most powerful conventional artillery piece since entering service in 1983. One interesting feature of the Pion is the firing alarm. Because the blast of the weapon firing is so powerful—it can physically incapacitate an unprepared soldier or crew member near it from concussive force—the Pion is equipped with an audible firing alarm that emits a series of short warning tones for approximately five seconds prior to the charge being fired.

The 2S7 carries a crew of fourteen; seven are carried by the Pion and seven are with an auxiliary vehicle. The system carries four rounds of ammunition; four more rounds are carried by the support vehicle. Due to the long range, the crew can fire one or two rounds and leave position before the first round hits the enemy position over 40 km away. This makes the 2S7 less susceptible to counter-battery fire,[1] from an enemy with a counter-battery radar such as ARTHUR.

Operational / Combat history

• The 2S7 was first used in combat by the Soviet Union in Soviet–Afghan War (1979-1989)
• Russian forces used it in the First and Second Chechen Wars (First war: 1994-1996, Second war: 1999-2009)
• The Georgian Army used 2S7s in the Russo-Georgian War in 2008 (7 aug.–16 aug. 2008), six of which were captured by Russian forces
• 2S7s were brought back into service by the Ukrainian army during the War in Donbass in late 2014, and were used in combat just outside the 'buffer' zone stipulated by the Minsk Protocol, as they had long enough range to still provide artillery support.[2]
• The Russian armed forces are reinforcing their artillery forces, reactivating 2S7M Malka 203 mm self-propelled howitzers (SPHs) and 2S4 Tyulpan 240 mm self-propelled mortars. The upgraded 2S7M SPH is linked to the modernised 1V12M command vehicle, which uses a GLONASS navigation unit.
• Video released by the Azerbaijan Ministry of Defence showed 2S7s in use during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.[3]

Variants

• 2S7 Pion
  • 2S7M Malka – An improved variant, which entered service in 1983, that improved the gun's fire control systems, increased the rate of fire from 1.5 to 2.5 rounds per minute, and increased the ammunition load to eight projectiles.[4][5]
• BTM-4 Trench Digger[1]

Operators

Map with 2S7 Pion operators in blue with former operators in red

Although no figures have been released, it is estimated that well over 1,000 have been built.[6]

•  Angola – 12; (Acquired in 2000 from the Czech Republic)[7]
•  Azerbaijan – 12; (3 acquired in 2008 and 9 acquired in 2009[8])
•  Belarus – 36 in reserve.[9]
•  Georgia[1][10]
•  North Korea – unknown
•  Russia – 60 2S7M in active service. Currently under modernization with new running gear and electronics.[11][12][13][14]
•  Slovakia – 3; (1 used for testing, 2 military museum)
•  Ukraine – 99, brought from reserve and restored to active service due to the War in Donbass.[15]
•  Uzbekistan – 48

Former operators

•  Czechoslovakia – 12 vehicles operated by 17th Large Caliber Artillery Division in Žamberk, 1984–1994.[16] One machine is kept in Military museum Lešany.
•  Poland – 8 guns. Military designation "Piwonia". Entered service in 1985 and withdrawn in 2006. Served first in the 5th Artillery Brigade in Głogów then with the 23rd Silesian Artillery Brigade in Bolesławiec.

2S7 Pion at Museum of Technics, Arkhangelskoye, Moscow Region

•  Soviet Union – Passed on to successor states.

See also

• 2S4 Tyulpan
• 2B1 Oka
• 2A3 Kondensator 2P
• 180 mm gun S-23
• 240 mm mortar M240
• M110 howitzer

References

1. "2S7 Pion". Military Today. Archived from the original on 9 July 2009. Retrieved 10 January 2010.
2. "2S7 Pion". War for Ukraine. Archived from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
3. "Ağdərə istiqamətində düşmənin artilleriya bölmələrinə zərbələr endirilib" [Enemy artillery units were hit in the direction of Aghdara] (Press release) (in Azerbaijani). Azərbaycan Respublikası Müdafiə Nazirliyi. 28 September 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
4. "Russia: 2S7M Malka 203mm self-propelled guns destroy targets at 50km | March 2018 Global Defense Security army news industry | Defense Security global news industry army 2018 | Archive News year". Archived from the original on 29 January 2019.
5. "Russian Military Forces - Aviation - Navy - Infantry firearms - Communications - Ground systems - Weapon photogallery". Archived from the original on 6 July 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
6. Jane's Armour and Artillery 1997-98 ISBN 0-7106-1542-6
7. "sipri.org". Archived from the original on 23 April 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
8. "Today.Az - What weaponry did Azerbaijan buy from Russia last year?". Archived from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
9. "Belarus Army Equipment". Archived from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
10. "Georgian Army: Georgian Land Ground Forces Military Equipment Armoured Vehicles - Pictures". Archived from the original on 31 May 2009. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
11. "Артиллеристы ЦВО в Сибири получили новейшие самоходные пушки "Малка"". Archived from the original on 26 June 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2018.
12. "Russia completes 2S7M Malka 203mm self-propelled howitzer upgrade | weapons defence industry military technology UK | analysis focus army defence military industry army".
13. "Russian Army gets one of world's most powerful self-propelled guns after upgrade".
14. "Janes | Latest defence and security news". Janes.com. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
15. "Украина возвращает на вооружение мощнейшие САУ Пион: видео". Liga. 10 November 2014. Archived from the original on 11 November 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
16. History of 131th Artillery Division Archived 22 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine (in Czech)

External links

• Global Security page