998 Fifth Avenue

998 Fifth Avenue is a luxury cooperative on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, New York City located on Fifth Avenue at the northeast corner of East 81st Street.

998 Fifth Avenue
General information
TypeResidential
Architectural styleItalian Renaissance
LocationUpper East Side, Manhattan, New York City, U.S.
Coordinates40.7783°N 73.9622°W / 40.7783; -73.9622
Construction started1910
Completed1912
Height
Architectural167 feet (51 m)
Tip170 feet (52 m)
Technical details
Floor count12
Design and construction
Architecture firmMcKim, Mead & White
New York City Landmark
DesignatedFebruary 19, 1974
Reference no.0429
References
[1]

Design

The 150-foot-tall (46 m), 12-story building was designed by the McKim, Mead & White architectural firm and built by James T. Lee (Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis’ grandfather) in 1910–1912. It has a frontage of 102 feet 2 inches (31.14 m) on Fifth Avenue and 115 feet (35 m) on the side street. The Italian Renaissance Palazzo-style structure is sheathed entirely in limestone except for a large matching terra cotta cornice and an inner court, 32.5 feet (9.9 m) square, faced with off-white brick. Unlike nearby buildings, there are no penthouses.

Balustrade stringcourses define the division of the base from the body, and the body from the top. Each window above the stringcourse is capped with a pediment or cornice. Panels of escutcheons and light-yellow marble decorate the structure horizontally at four-floor intervals.

The lobby walls and ceiling, and hallway walls are made of tan Bottocino marble. The elevators have bronze grilles. Originally, the apartment interiors were decorated with neoclassical and Tudor-Jacobean Revival motifs.[2]

Apartments

Although the original design called for 18 apartments, the building contained 15 units upon opening, as some of the upper floors were combined into larger units. Floors 5 and 9 have ceiling heights of 11.5 feet, while the remaining have 10.5 feet. The ground floor has roughly 13-foot ceilings. The simplex maisonette on street level is 5,250 square feet (488 m2), the duplex maisonette on the side street being exactly the same size. Floors 2-8 contain 7 simplexes, each 6,250 square feet (581 m2) with 15 rooms; these apartments contain 4 bedrooms, including a large corner master. On the side street floors, 3-8 contain 3 duplex units, each 5,000 square feet (460 m2). The upper 4 floors originally contained 3 apartments. The 9th and 10th floors each contain a single apartment roughly 8,750 square feet (813 m2), with 2 more simplexes and a duplex on the last 2 floors. There are 2 main elevators for the tenants and 1 service elevator for the staff; also a service stair.[3]

History

The building was the first super-luxury apartment house on Fifth Avenue. The architect was given unlimited permission to create whatever was necessary to lure the very wealthy into the building. At the time of its construction, the upper class lived in mansions and townhouses on the Upper East Side. Grand apartments had been built before, but those were occupied by businessmen and the nouveau riche, not the upper crust of American society. During its construction, it was viewed as a remote and unpopular tower that invaded the city's best residential sections.

When 998 Fifth Avenue was built, the Metropolitan Museum of Art was much smaller and attracted far fewer people. Among the amenities the building had were wall safes, storage rooms in the basement and a large number of wood-burning fireplaces, as well as two-foot thick fireproof walls. Unlike the high-class apartment houses on the West Side, this building did not have a name. It was originally, like the vast majority of pre-war buildings, a rental. The rents were much higher compared to all the other buildings in the city: the largest units were leased for roughly $25,000, while the smaller lower floor units for $10,000–12,000. Ultimately the building's broker, Douglas Elliman, found over 100 prospects and 998 Fifth Avenue rented right away. In 1912, the magazine Architecture called it the most remarkable thing of its kind in America.[4]

The fact that so many wealthy people rented apartments signaled the shift from the private houses to luxury buildings. The "servant problem" (fewer people willing to go into service, especially for the low wages and long hours demanded by middle-class families[5]) and the increasing time spent by the rich outside the city, the automobile and increasing taxes also favored this shift. In less than 20 years since the building's opening, over 90% of the wealthy people in New York lived in apartments. At the time of its opening in 1912, only 5% occupied apartments.[6] The building cost roughly $3 million (including the land).

998 Fifth Avenue was converted to a cooperative in 1953 and is one of the most selective pre-war cooperatives in New York City.[7] It is thought to be one of the four best apartment houses on the avenue (alongside 820, 834, and 960 Fifth Avenue) and 10 best in the city. The apartments are rarely advertised and sell, depending on square footage or view, for $20 to $40 million. The building is one of the most storied on the "Gold Coast," and has been home to many well-known residents. The Astor, Guggenheim, Morton, Vanderbilt, Root, and other prominent families have lived at 998 Fifth Avenue.

Tenants


References
  1. "998 5th Avenue". Emporis. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  2. "New York Has the World's Costliest Apartment". The New York Times. 1913-12-07. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  3. http://www.beyondthegildedage.com/2012/09/998-fifth-avenue.html
  4. Published: March 30, 2003 (2003-03-30). "Streetscapes/998 Fifth Avenue, at 81st Street, Designed by McKim, Mead & White; A Majestic 1912 Apartment Tower for the Very Rich - Page 2 - New York Times". Nytimes.com. Retrieved 2013-06-01.
  5. Levenstein, Harvey (2003-05-30). Revolution at the Table: The Transformation of the American Diet. University of California Press. pp. 60–71. ISBN 9780520234390.
  6. Michael Gross. "The age of the urban chateau | Macleans.ca - Culture - Entertainment". Macleans.ca. Archived from the original on 2013-04-07. Retrieved 2013-06-01.
  7. "998 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10028 | Building Review". CityRealty. Retrieved 2013-06-01.

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