ALCO PA

The ALCO PA was a family of A1A-A1A diesel locomotives built to haul passenger trains. The locomotives were built in Schenectady, New York, in the United States by a partnership of the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) and General Electric (GE) between June 1946 and December 1953. Designed by General Electric's Ray Patten (along with their ALCO FA cousins), they were of a cab unit design; both cab-equipped lead A unit PA and cabless booster B unit PB models were built. While externally the PB models were slightly shorter than the PA model,[1] they shared many of the same characteristics, both aesthetically and mechanically. However, they were not as reliable as EMD F-units.[2]

ALCO PA and PB
An ALCO/M-K PA-4 of the Delaware and Hudson Railroad in April 1978
Type and origin
Power typeDiesel-electric
BuilderPartnership of American Locomotive Company (ALCO) and General Electric (GE)
ModelPA, PB
Build dateJune 1946 – December 1953
Total produced297
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • AARA1A-A1A
Gauge4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in), Brazil
Length65 ft 8 in (20.02 m)
Loco weight306,000 lb (138,799 kg; 139 t)
Prime moverALCO 244 V16
Engine typeV16 Four-stroke diesel
AspirationTurbocharger
Displacement10,688 cu in (175.14 l)
GeneratorDC
Traction motors4x GE 746 or 752 DC traction motors
Cylinders16
Cylinder size9 in × 10 1⁄2 in (229 mm × 267 mm)
TransmissionDiesel-electric
Loco brakeIndependent air.
Optional: Dynamic
Train brakesAir
Performance figures
Maximum speed117 mph (188 km/h)
Power output2,000 hp (1,490 kW) — PA-1/PB-1
2,250 hp (1,680 kW) — PA-2/PB-2
Tractive effort51,000 lbf (226.86 kN)
Career
LocaleNorth America, Brazil
DispositionThree preserved, two under restoration, one converted to steam generator car, rest scrapped.

ALCO's designation of P indicates that they were geared for higher speeds and passenger use, whereas the F designation marks these locomotives as being geared primarily for freight use. However, beyond this their design was largely similar - aside from the PA/PB's both being larger A1A-A1A types with an even more striking nose - and many railroads used PA and FA locomotives for both freight and passenger service.

Although the majority of the PAs and PBs have been scrapped, six examples have been survived. Five PAs are now preserved in railroad museums, while a converted PB still remains in service as a power car.

Service history
A pair of ALCO PA-1s of the Santa Fe Railway in March 1968

There were two models of PAs: the 2,000 horsepower (1,500 kW) PA-1/PB-1, which was built between September 1946 and June 1950, and the 2,250 horsepower (1,680 kW) PA-2/PB-2, which was built between April, 1950 and December, 1953.

The PAs, as well as their cousins, the ALCO FAs, were born as a result of ALCO's development of a new diesel engine design, the Model 244. In early 1944, development started on the new design, and by November 1945, the first engines were beginning to undergo tests. This unusually short testing sequence was brought about by the decision of ALCO's senior management that the engine and an associated line of road locomotives had to be introduced no later than the end of 1946.

In preparation for this deadline, by January 1946, the first 16-cylinder 244 engines were being tested, and while a strike delayed work on the locomotives, the first two PA units were released for road tests in June 1946, for testing for one month on the Lehigh Valley Railroad. After these first tests were completed, the locomotives returned to the factory for refurbishment and engine replacement.

In September 1946, the first production units, an A-B-A set of PA1s in Santa Fe colors, numbered #51L, 51A and 51B, were released from the factory, and sent to New York's Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, which had a private railroad siding, for exhibition before being launched into road service.[3] This set was repowered in August 1954 with EMD 16-567C engines rated at 1,750 hp (1,300 kW). This EMD repowering of the PAs was economically unfeasible and the remaining Santa Fe PAs retained their 244 engines.

Four PA-1s previously operated by the Santa Fe were sold to Delaware and Hudson Railway in 1967. In 1974-1975, they were rebuilt for the D&H as PA-4s by Morrison-Knudsen and equipped with ALCO's 251 V-12 engines.[4] Under D&H ownership, they were used by Amtrak for the Adriondack, and later by the Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority, before being sold to the Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México in 1978. They would be operated by the N de M until 1981.

Fans deemed the PA one of the most beautiful diesels and an "Honorary Steam Locomotive", as noted by Professor George W. Hilton in a book review in September, 1968 Trains Magazine. When accelerating, until the turbocharger came up to speed thick clouds of black smoke would pour from the exhaust stacks, due to turbo lag. Photographing a moving PA while smoking became a prime objective of railfans.[5][6]

Original owners
Railroad PA1 PB1 PA2 PB2 PA1 Road Numbers PB1 Road Numbers PA2 Road Numbers PB2 Road Numbers Notes
ALCO-GE Demonstrators1183758375Bto New York Central Railroad 4212 and 4304
ALCO-GE Demonstrators29077-9078Demonstrated on Canadian National, painted in CN green and gold, later to Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad as PA-2s 59A,C. Last PA-1s built.
American Freedom Train (original)11776To Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad 292
Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad281651-62L,B, 70-73L51-62A, 70-73AFour PA1s sold to Delaware & Hudson in 1967; became last to operate in U.S.
Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad426001, 6003, 6011, 60136002, 6012
Erie Railroad122850-861862-863
Gulf, Mobile & Ohio Railroad2290-291
Lehigh Valley Railroad14601-614
Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad4857-58A,C60-63A,C59A,C were Alco PA-1 demonstrators rebuilt as PA-2s
Missouri Pacific Railroad8288001-80088009-80368011-8012 were originally owned by International Great Northern
New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad270760-0786Unit 0783 to D&H in 1967 for parts.
New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad (Nickel Plate Road)11180-190
New York Central Railroad4444200-42034300-43034208-4211
Pennsylvania Railroad1055750-57595750B/5758B even #s
Pittsburgh and Lake Erie424204-42074213-4214
St. Louis Southwestern Railway2300-301To Southern Pacific Railroad 6067-6068
Southern Pacific Railroad (T&NO)12200-205A,BRenumbered to 200-211, then to Southern Pacific 6055-6066
Southern Pacific Railroad1262776005-6010A,C6005-6010B6019-60455918-59246005-6010A,C renumbered to 6005-6016, 6005-6010B renumbered to 5910-5915
Southern Railway (CNO&TP)66900-6905Last PA's built by ALCO
Union Pacific Railroad86600-607600B, 602B, 604B-607BOne PA-1 converted for experimental coal-burning turbine
Wabash Railroad41050-1053
São Paulo Railway, Brazil3600-6021,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) gauge
Totals16939818

Foreign sales

The PA-2 units sold to the 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro of São Paulo State in Brazil were equipped with a bar pilot and solid horizontal steel pilot beam. One of these locomotives survives.

Surviving examples
Nickel Plate Road 190 at the Oregon Rail Heritage Center

Five PA units and one converted PB unit survive.

  • One surviving unit, #600, is from the order of three broad gauge units sold to Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro in Brazil. It exists at the Companhia Paulista Museum at Jundiai, São Paulo as a shell with no prime mover and no side panels. A restoration began in 2001 but has not been completed.
  • All four Delaware & Hudson-operated PA-4s have survived, with two being in the United States, and the other two in Mexico.
    • From 1981 to 2000, No.16 and No.18 remained stored in Empalme, Sonora, Mexico. In 2000, the Smithsonian Institution and rail preservationist Doyle McCormack obtained the units and brought them back to the United States.
      • No.16, which was heavily damaged in a derailment while in Mexico, was planned to be cosmetically restored into its original "Warbonnet" colors for the Smithsonian Institution. The unit was acquired by the Museum of the American Railroad in 2011 and transported to the museum's new site in Frisco, Texas. This unit will be restored to full operational status as America's PA for use in special trains across the United States.[7]
      • No.18 is owned by Doyle McCormack and has been undergoing restoration since 2002. It is being restored as Nickel Plate Road 190, a recreation of the first locomotive McCormack got to ride.[8] The locomotive was moved to the Oregon Rail Heritage Center, in Portland, Oregon in 2012, where restoration work continues to take place.
    • No.17 and No.19 are preserved at the National Museum of Mexican Railways in Puebla. Unit DH-17 (former D&H #17) was painted in the classic Southern Pacific Daylight colors, but as of February 2010 had been painted over in primer.
  • Ex-Denver and Rio Grande PB-1 6002 was converted to a steam generator car in October 1965; it gained Blomberg B trucks in 1980. It was sold to Ansco in late 1987 for service on the Ski Train, and later sold again in 2007 to the Algoma Central Railway.

References
  1. Solomon, Brian. (2009). "p.113". Alco Locomotives. Laguna Hills: Quayside Publishing Group. p. 113. ISBN 978-1-61673-136-6. OCLC 1024276965.
  2. Solomon, Brian. Santa Fe Railway. Voyageur Press. ISBN 978-1-61060-672-1.
  3. Steinbrenner, Richard T (2003). The American Locomotive Company: A Centennial Remembrance. On Track Publishers. ISBN 0-911122-07-9.
  4. See Anderson, Norman E. and MacDermott, C. G., "PA4 Locomotive." (Burlingame, Chatham Publishing Co.)(1978). ISBN 0896850358.
  5. Ingles, J. David, Passenger Diesel Turned Legend, Trains Magazine January, 1997, p.54.
  6. “Honorary steam locomotive” at Trains Magazine
  7. "ATSF 59 - Americas PA".
  8. "McCormack retires as Oregon Rail Heritage Foundation president | Trains Magazine".
  • Aslaksen, James and McCormack, Doyle. NKP190.com. Retrieved on March 26, 2005.
  • Hayden, Bob (Ed.) (1980). Model Railroader Cyclopedia-Volume 2: Diesel Locomotives. Kalmbach Books. ISBN 0-89024-547-9.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  • Hollingsworth, Brian and Arthur F. Cook (1987). The Great Book of Trains. Portland House, New York, NY. ISBN 0-517-64515-7.
  • Pinkepank, Jerry A. (1973). The Second Diesel Spotter's Guide. Kalmbach Publishing Co., Milwaukee, WI. ISBN 0-89024-026-4.
  • Romano, Andy (1997). PA: Alco's Glamour Girl. Four Ways West Publications. ISBN 1-885614-16-0.
  • Stumpf, Rolf. ALCO World: Paulista RR. Retrieved on March 26, 2005.
  • The Santa Fe Diesel Volume One: Dieselization - 1960 by Dr. Cinthia Priest pages 52–56.
  • http://utahrails.net/ajkristopans/REPOWEREDLOCOMOTIVES.php see EMD order #8506 dated August 1954 for repowering data on the AT&SF 51 set of PAs.
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