APINACA

APINACA
Legal status
Legal status	BR: Illegal ; CA: Schedule II ; DE: Anlage II (Authorized trade only, not prescriptible) ; NZ: Temporary Class ; UK: Class B ; US: Schedule I ; Also illegal in Czech Republic, Japan, Latvia, and Singapore;
Identifiers
	IUPAC name N-(1-Adamantyl)-1-pentylindazole-3-carboxamide;
CAS Number	1345973-53-6 (1-adamantyl isomer) ; 1400742-54-2 (2-adamantyl isomer);
PubChem CID	57404063;
ChemSpider	28189076;
UNII	MHR0400Y84;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID90928683 ;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C23H31N3O
Molar mass	365.521 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES C3C4CC2CC3CC(C4)(C2)NC(=O)c(nn1CCCCC)c5c1cccc5;
	InChI InChI=1S/C23H31N3O/c1-2-3-6-9-26-20-8-5-4-7-19(20)21(25-26)22(27)24-23-13-16-10-17(14-23)12-18(11-16)15-23/h4-5,7-8,16-18H,2-3,6,9-15H2,1H3,(H,24,27); Key:UCTCCIPCJZKWEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N;

APINACA (AKB48, N-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide) is a drug that acts as a reasonably potent agonist for the cannabinoid receptors,[1] with a K_i of 304.5nM and an EC₅₀ of 585nM at CB₁. It had never previously been reported in the scientific or patent literature, and was first identified by laboratories in Japan in March 2012 as an ingredient in synthetic cannabis smoking blends, along with a related compound APICA.[2] Structurally, it closely resembles cannabinoid compounds from a University of Connecticut patent (WO 2003/035005),[3] but with a simple pentyl chain on the indazole 1-position, and APINACA falls within the claims of this patent despite not being disclosed as an example.

Legality

APINACA was made illegal in Japan in 2012,[4] and was banned as a temporary class drug in New Zealand from 13 July 2012.[5]

APINACA has been banned in Latvia since 14 November 2013.

Since 2013, APINACA has been a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States.[6]

It is also banned in Germany as an Anlage II controlled drug.

APINACA is listed in the Fifth Schedule of the Misuse of Drugs Act (MDA) and therefore illegal in Singapore as of May 2015.[7]

As of October 2015 APINACA is a controlled substance in China.[8]

APINACA is banned in the Czech Republic.[9]

Detection

A forensic standard of APINACA is available, and the compound has been posted on the Forendex website of potential drugs of abuse.[10]

References

Uchiyama N, Kawamura M, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Goda Y (April 2013). "URB-754: a new class of designer drug and 12 synthetic cannabinoids detected in illegal products". Forensic Science International. 227 (1–3): 21–32. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.08.047. PMID 23063179.
Uchiyama N, Kawamura M, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Goda Y (2012). "Identification of two new-type synthetic cannabinoids, N-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1H-indole-3-carboxamide (APICA) and N-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (APINACA), and detection of five synthetic cannabinoids, AM-1220, AM-2233, AM-1241, CB-13 (CRA-13), and AM-1248, as designer drugs in illegal products". Forensic Toxicology. 30 (2): 114–125. doi:10.1007/s11419-012-0136-7. S2CID 44193953.
WO 2003/035005
"Designation of "Shitei Yakubutsu" (designated substances) based on the provision of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law (1960, Law No.145)" (PDF).
"Temporary Class Drug Notice". Department of Internal Affairs. New Zealand. 5 July 2012.
"DEA Makes Three More "Fake Pot" Drugs Temporarily Illegal Today". Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). Retrieved 24 July 2015.
"CNB NEWS RELEASE". Central Narcotics Bureau (CNB). 30 April 2015. Archived from the original on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
"关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知" (in Chinese). China Food and Drug Administration. 27 September 2015. Archived from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
"Látky, o které byl doplněn seznam č. 4 psychotropních látek (příloha č. 4 k nařízení vlády č. 463/2013 Sb.)" (PDF) (in Czech). Ministerstvo zdravotnictví.
"APINACA". Southern Association of Forensic Scientists. Archived from the original on 24 July 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2015.

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[1] Uchiyama N, Kawamura M, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Goda Y (April 2013). "URB-754: a new class of designer drug and 12 synthetic cannabinoids detected in illegal products". Forensic Science International. 227 (1–3): 21–32. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.08.047. PMID 23063179.

[2] Uchiyama N, Kawamura M, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Goda Y (2012). "Identification of two new-type synthetic cannabinoids, N-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1H-indole-3-carboxamide (APICA) and N-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (APINACA), and detection of five synthetic cannabinoids, AM-1220, AM-2233, AM-1241, CB-13 (CRA-13), and AM-1248, as designer drugs in illegal products". Forensic Toxicology. 30 (2): 114–125. doi:10.1007/s11419-012-0136-7. S2CID 44193953.

[3] WO 2003/035005

[4] "Designation of "Shitei Yakubutsu" (designated substances) based on the provision of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law (1960, Law No.145)" (PDF).

[5] "Temporary Class Drug Notice". Department of Internal Affairs. New Zealand. 5 July 2012.

[6] "DEA Makes Three More "Fake Pot" Drugs Temporarily Illegal Today". Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). Retrieved 24 July 2015.

[7] "CNB NEWS RELEASE". Central Narcotics Bureau (CNB). 30 April 2015. Archived from the original on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2015.

[8] "关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知" (in Chinese). China Food and Drug Administration. 27 September 2015. Archived from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.

[9] "Látky, o které byl doplněn seznam č. 4 psychotropních látek (příloha č. 4 k nařízení vlády č. 463/2013 Sb.)" (PDF) (in Czech). Ministerstvo zdravotnictví.

[10] "APINACA". Southern Association of Forensic Scientists. Archived from the original on 24 July 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2015.

APINACA

Legality

Detection

See also

References