APNIC

APNIC (the Asia Pacific Network Information Centre) is the regional Internet address registry (RIR) for the Asia-Pacific region.[2] It is one of the world's five RIRs and is part of the Number Resource Organization (NRO).[2]

Asia Pacific Network Information Centre
FoundedJanuary 15, 1993 (1993-01-15)[1]
FocusAllocation and registration of IP address space
Location
Members
7,828
Employees
88
Websitewww.apnic.net
APNIC

APNIC provides numbers resource allocation and registration services that support the global operation of the internet. It is a nonprofit, membership-based organization whose members include Internet service providers, telecommunication providers, data centers, universities, banks, national Internet registries, and similar organizations that have their own networks.

Functions

APNIC's main functions are:

APNIC manages Internet number resources according to policies developed through an open process of consultation and consensus called the Policy Development Process[3] (PDP).

APNIC PDP

APNIC's policies are developed by the membership and the broader Internet community. The forums for policy development are the face-to-face Open Policy Meetings, which are held twice each year, and the public mailing list discussions of the Special Internet Groups.

APNIC's open PDP also invites stakeholders interested in Internet number resources from around the world (but mostly the Asia Pacific) to participate. These include representatives from governments, regulators, educators, media, the technical community, civil society, and other not-for-profit organizations.

APNIC's PDP is:

  • Open
    • Anyone can propose policies.
    • Everyone can discuss policy proposals.
  • Transparent
    • APNIC publicly documents all policy discussions and decisions.
  • Bottom-up
    • The community drives policy development.

Structure

Elections are held at each APNIC Annual General Meeting (AGM), which is conducted during the APNIC Member Meeting (AMM) in February. Voting takes place both on-site at these meetings and prior to the meeting via online voting.

APNIC Executive Council

Each APNIC Executive Council (EC) member serves as an individual, not as a representative of any other party or Member. Therefore, they must act at all times in the best interests of APNIC. The APNIC EC meets face-to-face at four regularly scheduled meetings per year.

APNIC Secretariat

The APNIC Secretariat operates to serve its Members and the Asia Pacific Internet community stakeholders.

Its activities are designed to help the APNIC community achieve APNIC's objectives. The Secretariat (APNIC's staff) carries out the day-to-day work. The Secretariat is structured in five divisions: Services, Technical, Business, Communications, and Learning & Development. These divisions encompass all APNIC activities, including that of acting as a central source of information for Members.

Core services

Internet number resource delegation

APNIC delegates IP addresses (IPv4 and IPv6) and (ASNs) according to policies developed by the APNIC community. All IP and AS number delegation is subject to certain criteria, based on demonstrated need.

APNIC Whois Database

The APNIC Whois Database details of IP addresses and AS numbers originally allocated by APNIC. It shows the organizations that hold the resources, where the allocations were made, and contact details for the networks. Users can search the whois for information pertaining to these resources, for network troubleshooting, or helping to track network abuse. The organizations that hold those resources are responsible for updating their information in the database. Internet number resources must be properly and accurately registered to fulfil the goals of addressing policy as outlined by the Public Technical Identifiers (PTI), who are responsible for the operation of the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) functions.

This accurate registration of resource usage is a critical role APNIC plays in the operation of the Internet.

The database can be searched by using the web interface on the APNIC site,[4] or by directing your whois client to whois.apnic.net (for example, whois -h whois.apnic.net 203.37.255.97).

RDAP

APNIC provides an alternative to the whois called the Registration Data Access protocol (RDAP), which was designed to address issues in the whois service, the most important of which are: standardization of queries and responses; internalization considerations to cater for languages other than English in data objects; and redirection capabilities to allow seamless referrals to other registrations.

Network abuse

For network abuse such as spam or (hacking), people mistakenly interpret references to apnic.net when doing a whois search to indicate that APNIC is the source of the abuse. Instead, these references to APNIC simply mean that the address space in question was delegated by APNIC to an organization within the Asia Pacific region. APNIC has no authority to prevent these kinds of network abuse.

APNIC also has no technical ability to 'suspend' an Internet service, no mandate to withdraw address registrations, no investigative powers, nor any authority to take action as an enforcement agency. APNIC is in the same position as any other IP address or DNS registry worldwide.

Reverse DNS delegation

APNIC manages reverse DNS delegations for both IPv4 and IPv6. APNIC only delegates the authority of reverse zones to the DNS name servers provided through domain objects.

Resource Certification

APNIC provides a Resource Certification service, which is a robust security framework used to verify the association between specific IP address blocks of ASNs and the holders of those Internet number resources. APNIC introduced Resource Certification to improve inter-domain security in the region and enhance the value of the data in the APNIC Whois Database with verification of the resource holder's right-of-use.

Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) is the validation structure for Resource Certification that enables public network users to verify the authenticity of data that has been digitally signed by the data originator.

Other services

APNIC training

APNIC conducts a number of training courses[5] in a wide variety of locations around the region. These courses are designed to educate participants to proficiently configure, manage and administer their Internet services and infrastructure and to embrace current best practices.

Technical conferences

APNIC holds two conferences a year in various locations around the Asia Pacific region. The first one is held with the Asia Pacific Regional Internet Conference on Operational Technologies (APRICOT) and the second one is a stand-alone conference. Both events have a series of workshop sessions on topics such as routing, IPv6, and network security, and plenary and conference tracks on operational topics of current interest.

Conference schedule
APNIC 29 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 24 February - 5 March 2010 Held in conjunction with APRICOT 2010
APNIC 30 Gold Coast, Australia 24 - 27 August 2010 Standalone Meeting
APNIC 31 Hong Kong SAR, China 21 - 25 February 2011 Held in conjunction with APRICOT and APAN 2011
APNIC 32 Busan, South Korea 28 August - 1 September 2011 Standalone Meeting
APNIC 33 New Delhi, India 27 February - 2 March 2012 Held in conjunction with APRICOT 2012
APNIC 34 NagaWorld, Phnom Penh, Cambodia 21 - 31 August 2012 Standalone Meeting
APNIC 35 Singapore 25 February - 1 March 2013 Held in conjunction with APRICOT 2013
APNIC 36 Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China 20 - 30 August 2013 Standalone Meeting
APNIC 37 Petaling Jaya, Malaysia 18 - 28 February 2014 Held in conjunction with APRICOT 2014
APNIC 38 Brisbane, Australia 9 - 19 September 2014 Standalone Meeting
APNIC 39 Fukuoka, Japan 24 February - 6 March 2015 Held in conjunction with APRICOT 2015
APNIC 40 Jakarta, Indonesia 3 - 10 September 2015 Standalone Meeting
APNIC 41 Auckland, New Zealand 15 - 26 February 2016 Held in conjunction with APRICOT 2016
APNIC 42 Colombo, Sri Lanka 28 September - 5 October 2016 Standalone Meeting
APNIC 43 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 20 February - 2 March 2017 Held in conjunction with APRICOT 2017
APNIC 44 Taichung, Taiwan 7 - 14 September 2017 Standalone Meeting
APNIC 45[6] Kathmandu, Nepal 19 - 28 February 2018 Held in conjunction with APRICOT 2018
APNIC 46[7] Noumea, New Caledonia 6 - 13 September 2018 Standalone Meeting
APNIC 47[8] Daejeon, South Korea 18 - 28 February 2019 Held in conjunction with APRICOT 2019
APNIC 48[9] Chiang Mai, Thailand 5 - 12 September 2019 Standalone Meeting
APNIC 49[10] Melbourne, Australia 12 - 21 February 2020 Held in conjunction with APRICOT 2020
APNIC 50 Online 8 - 10 September 2020 Standalone Meeting
APNIC 51 Online 22 February - 4 March 2021 Held in conjunction with APRICOT 2021

Research

APNIC Labs provide research, measurement, and technical reports on the use of Internet number resources within the Internet, for example, IPv6 deployment.

APNIC Foundation

The APNIC Foundation is a charity established to raise funds independently from APNIC Member contributions to support and expand Internet development efforts in the Asia Pacific.

Partners

APNIC works closely with many other Internet organizations, including:

The APNIC membership

Major Internet Service Providers (ISPs), National Internet Registries (NIRs) and Network Information Centres (NICs).

Other Regional Internet Registries (RIRs)

ARIN (North America), LACNIC (Latin America and the Caribbean), RIPE NCC (Europe), and AFRINIC (Africa).

The Number Resource Organization

With the other RIRs, APNIC is a member of the Number Resource Organization (NRO), which exists to protect the unallocated number resource pool, to promote and protect the bottom-up policy development process, and to be the focal point for input into the RIR system.

Other leading Internet organizations

These include the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), the Internet Engineering and Planning Group (IEPG), the Internet Society (ISOC), and others.

The previous registry for Australia, known as AUNIC, is now disbanded, and its responsibilities undertaken by APNIC.

History

APNIC was established in 1992, by the Asia Pacific Coordinating Committee for Intercontinental Research Networks (APCCIRN) and the Asia Pacific Engineering and Planning Group (APEPG). These two groups were later amalgamated and renamed the Asia Pacific Networking Group (APNG). It was established as a pilot project to administer address space as defined by RFC-1366, as well as encompassing a wider brief: "To facilitate communication, business, and culture using Internet technologies".

In 1993, APNG discovered they were unable to provide a formal umbrella or legal structure for APNIC, and so the pilot project was concluded, but APNIC continued to exist independently under the authority of IANA as an 'interim project'. At this stage, APNIC still lacked legal rights, a membership, and a fee structure.

In 1995, the inaugural APNIC meeting was held in Bangkok. This was a two-day meeting, run by volunteers, and was free to attend. Voluntary donations were sought according to the size of the organization, ranging from US$1,500 for 'small', through to US$10,000 for 'large'. Three member types were defined by APNIC-001: ISP (local IR), Enterprise, and National.

1996 saw a proper fee structure introduced, the establishment of a membership, and the holding of the first APRICOT meeting.

By the time 1997 rolled around, it was becoming increasingly clear that APNIC's local environment in Japan was restricting its growth – for example, the staff was limited to 4–5 members. Therefore, the consulting firm KPMG was contracted to find an ideal location in the Asia Pacific region for APNIC's new headquarters.

For reasons such as the stable infrastructure, the low cost of living and operation, and tax advantages for membership organizations, Brisbane, Australia was chosen as the new location, and relocation was completed between April and August 1998, while maintaining continuous operation throughout.

By 1999, the relocation was complete, the Asian economic crisis ended, and so began a period of consolidation for APNIC – a period of sustained growth, policy development, and the creation of documentation and internal systems.

Since then, APNIC has continued to grow from its humble beginnings to a membership of more than 7,700[11] in 56 economies throughout the region and a secretariat of around 88 staff members located in the head office in Brisbane, Australia.

Economies

APNIC represents the Asia Pacific region, comprising 56 economies:

APNIC covered Madagascar, Mauritius and Seychelles until AFRINIC was formed.

References
  1. "A New Regional Network Information Center is Initiated".
  2. "Lexique" [Lexic]. AFNIC (in French). Archived from the original on 24 September 2011. Retrieved 31 July 2019. Organisation à but non lucratif en charge des ressources IP pour les zones Asie et Pacifique. APNIC est l'un des cinq centres internet régionaux (en anglais "Regional Internet Registries" [RIR]) qui existent dans le monde.
  3. "Policy Development | APNIC". www.apnic.net. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
  4. APNIC.net
  5. APNIC.net Archived 12 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine
  6. "APRICOT 2018". conference.apnic.net. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  7. "APNIC 46". conference.apnic.net. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  8. "APRICOT 2019". conference.apnic.net. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  9. "Home | APNIC 48". conference.apnic.net. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  10. "Home | APRICOT 2020". conference.apnic.net. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  11. "APNIC Members | APNIC". www.apnic.net. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
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