Acacia penninervis

Acacia penninervis, commonly known as mountain hickory wattle, or blackwood,[3] is a perennial shrub or tree is an Acacia belonging to subgenus Phyllodineae,[4] that is native to eastern Australia.

Hickory wattle
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Clade: Mimosoideae
Genus: Acacia
Species:
A. penninervis
Binomial name
Acacia penninervis
Occurrence data from AVH
Synonyms
  • Acacia impressa Lindl.
  • Acacia penninervis Sieber
  • Acacia penninervis DC. var. impressa (Lindl.)Domin
  • Racosperma penninerve (DC.)Pedley[1]
  • Acacia impressa Lindl.[2]

Description

The shrub or tree typically grows to a height of 2 to 8 m (6 ft 7 in to 26 ft 3 in) and has an erect to speading habit. It has finely or deeply fissured bark that is usually a dark grey colour. The glabrous branchlets are more or less terete and occasionally covered in a fine white powdery coating. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The glabrous and evergreen phyllodes have a narrowly oblanceolate or narrowly elliptic shape and are straight to slightly curved with a length of 5 to 15 cm (2.0 to 5.9 in) and a width of 7 to 40 mm (0.28 to 1.57 in) with a prominent midvein and marginal veins and are finely penniveined. The plant blooms throughout the year producing pale yellow flowers.[4]

Taxonomy

The species was first formally described by the botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1825 as part of the work Leguminosae. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis. It was reclassified as Racosperma penninerve by Leslie Pedley in 1986 then transferred back to genus Acacia in 2006. Other synonyms include; Acacia impressa, Acacia penninervis var. impressa and Acacia impressa var. impressa.[5]

Varieties
  • Acacia penninervis var. longiracemosa
  • Acacia penninervis var. penninervis

Distribution

It occurs in the Australian states of Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria, and as an introduced species on New Zealand's North Island and South Island.[6][1] The variety A. p. var. penninervis occurs in the same Australian states of Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, and Victoria.[7] The variety A. p. var. longiracemosa occurs in coastal districts of southern Queensland, and northern New South Wales.[8]

Uses

The 1889 book 'The Useful Native Plants of Australia’ records that common names included "Hickory" and "Blackwood" and that "The bark (and, according to some, the leaves) of this tree was formerly used by the aboriginals [sic.] of southern New South Wales for catching fish. They would throw them into a waterhole, when the fish would rise to the top and be easily caught. Neither the leaves nor bark contain strictly poisonous substances, but, like the other species of Acacia, they would be deleterious, owing to their astringency."[9]

Its uses include environmental management.[1] The tannin content of the bark is approximately 18%.[10]

See also

References
  1. ILDIS LegumeWeb
  2. "Synonyms of mountain-hickory (Acacia penninervis)". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
  3. "Common names for mountain-hickory (Acacia penninervis)". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
  4. PlantNet
  5. "Acacia penninervis Sieber ex DC". Atlas of Living Australia. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
  6. "ABRS Flora of Australia Online Search Results: Acacia penninervis Sieber ex DC". Flora of Australia Online. Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 29 March 2014.
  7. "ABRS Flora of Australia Online Search Results: Acacia penninervis Sieber ex DC. var. penninervis". Flora of Australia Online. Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 29 March 2014.
  8. "ABRS Flora of Australia Online Search Results: Acacia penninervis var. longiracemosa Domin". Flora of Australia Online. Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 29 March 2014.
  9. J. H. Maiden (1889). The useful native plants of Australia : Including Tasmania. Turner and Henderson, Sydney.
  10. von Mueller, Ferdinand (1884). Select extra-tropical plants readily eligible for industrial culture or naturalization. Detroit, Michigan: George S. Davis. p. 7.
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