Acidovorax facilis

Acidovorax facilis is an aerobic, chemoorganotrophic bacterium used as a soil inoculant in agriculture and horticulture.

Acidovorax facilis
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Proteobacteria
Class: Betaproteobacteria
Order: Burkholderiales
Family: Comamonadaceae
Genus: Acidovorax
Species:
A. facilis
Binomial name
Acidovorax facilis
(Schatz & Bovell 1952; Willems et al. 1990)
Synonyms
  • Hydrogenomonas facilis (Schatz and Bovell 1952)
  • Pseudomonas facilis (Schatz and Bovell 1952; Davis 1969)

Description

Members of A. facilis are generally 1.0-5.0 μm long and 0.2-0.7 μm wide.[1] Under a microscope, they appear as straight to slightly curved rods that occurs singly or in short chains. A. facilis are motile via a single flagellum at one end of the bacterium. They are negative by Gram stain and positive by the oxidase test. When grown on nutrient agar, they form unpigmented colonies.[1] They grow in the presence of oxygen.[1]

Uses

A. facilis has been used in agriculture and horticulture as a soil additive to improve plant growth.[2] Additionally, a nitrilase enzyme from A. facilis has been engineered into E. coli for the commercial production of 3-hydroxyvaleric acid.[3]

History

A. facilis was originally isolated from lawn soil in the United States by Albert Schatz and Carlton Bovell in 1950 and named Hydrogenomas facilis.[1][4] In 1969, the genus Hydrogenomonas was abandoned and H. facilis was transferred to the genus Pseudomonas.[1][5] Eventually, Pseudomonas was determined to contain several genera of bacteria, and so in 1990 Pseudomonas facilis, Pseudomonas delafieldii, and several other strains of Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes were transferred to the new genus Acidovorax.[1]

See also

References
  1. Willems, A.; Falsen, E.; Pot, B.; Jantzen, E.; Hoste, B.; Vandamme, P.; Gillis, M.; Kersters, K.; De Ley, J. (1990). "Acidovorax, a New Genus for Pseudomonas facilis, Pseudomonas delafieldii, E. Falsen (EF) Group 13, EF Group 16, and Several Clinical Isolates, with the Species Acidovorax facilis comb. Nov., Acidovorax delafieldii comb. Nov., and Acidovorax temperans sp. nov". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 40 (4): 384–98. doi:10.1099/00207713-40-4-384. PMID 2275854.
  2. Tille, Patricia (2013-08-13). Bailey & Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology. ISBN 9780323277426.
  3. Wu, Shijun; Fogiel, Arthur J.; Petrillo, Kelly L.; Hann, Eugenia C.; Mersinger, Lawrence J.; Dicosimo, Robert; O'Keefe, Daniel P.; Ben-Bassat, Arie; Payne, Mark S. (2007). "Protein engineering of Acidovorax facilis 72W nitrilase for bioprocess development". Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 97 (4): 689–93. doi:10.1002/bit.21289. PMID 17154311. S2CID 44660037.
  4. Schatz, A; Bovell Jr, C (1952). "Growth and Hydrogenase Activity of a New Bacterium, Hydrogenomonas Facilis". Journal of Bacteriology. 63 (1): 87–98. doi:10.1128/JB.63.1.87-98.1952. PMC 169930. PMID 14927551.
  5. Davis, D. H.; Doudoroff, M.; Stanier, R. Y.; Mandel, M. (1969). "Proposal to reject the genus Hydrogenomonas: Taxonomic implications". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 19 (4): 375. doi:10.1099/00207713-19-4-375.


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