Acropora aculeus

Acropora aculeus is a species of acroporid corals found throughout the Indian Ocean, the central Indo-Pacific, Australia, southeast Asia, Japan and the East China Sea. It is also present in the western Pacific Ocean. It is an uncommon species and is particularly prone to coral bleaching, disease, and crown-of-thorns starfish predation; it is also harvested for use in aquaria, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed it as being a "vulnerable species". Habitat loss is a big concern.[1]

Acropora aculeus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Anthozoa
Order: Scleractinia
Family: Acroporidae
Genus: Acropora
Species:
A. aculeus
Binomial name
Acropora aculeus
(Dana, 1846)[2]
Synonyms[2]
  • Madrepora aculeus Dana, 1846

Description

Acropora aculeus forms corymbose, pillow-like structures, the horizontal branches being slender and spreading while the upright branches are narrow and shorter. The corallites are distinctive, longer than they are wide, smooth and polished. This coral is usually yellowish or grey, but can be bright bluish-green, and the tips of the branches are often yellow, pale blue, green or brown.[2][3] It is usually yellow on the Great Barrier Reef and in the Philippines, but pale brown in western Australia.[4] It is named as ACR ACUL in Coral Codes.[5]

Distribution and habitat

Acropora aculeus is native to the Indo-Pacific region, its range extending from the east coast of Africa and Madagascar to Taiwan, Japan, Indonesia, Australia and some island groups in the eastern Pacific Ocean.[3][6] It is endemic to the Philippines[7] distributed in Samoa, Great Barrier Reef, Sri Lanka, South Vietnam, and the Marshall Islands.[8] It occurs at depths between about 5 and 20 m (16 and 66 ft) or even deeper. It is found on all parts of the reef, particularly the front slope, and also in lagoons. Its form varies with its degree of exposure to wave action, being more massive in exposed locations and more pillow-like in lagoons.[1]

Status

The reefs on which Acropora aculeus lives are under threat from global warming, increased ocean acidification and reef destruction. It is a generally uncommon species of coral and is particularly susceptible to bleaching and coral diseases.[1] The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being "vulnerable", considering that 37% of the colonies may be lost in the next thirty years (three generation lengths).[1] Others suggest it is endangered,[9] along with 76% of the Acropora corals.[10]

References
  1. Delbeek, J.T.; Richards, Z.T.; Lovell, E.R.; Bass, D.; Aeby, G.; Reboton, C. (2014). "Acropora aculeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T133463A54266755. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T133463A54266755.en.
  2. Hoeksema, Bert (2013). "Acropora aculeus (Dana, 1846)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  3. "Acropora aculeus". Coral fact sheet. Australian Institute of Marine Science. Retrieved 26 October 2017. Taxonomic note: Source reference: Veron (2000). Taxonomic references: Veron and Wallace (1984), Wallace (1999). Additional identification guides: Veron (1986), Nishihira and Veron (1995).
  4. Edward, John; Veron, Norwood (1995). Evolution of the Corals in Space and Time: The Biogeography and Evolution of the Scleractinia. ISBN 0801482631.
  5. Pernetta, John, ed. (1993). Monitoring Coral Reefs for Global Change: (A Marine conservation and development report). p. 47. ISBN 9782831701172.
  6. Woodley, Cheryl M.; Downs, Craig A.; Bruckner, Andrew W.; Porter, James W.; Galloway, Sylvia B., eds. (November 2, 2015). Diseases of Coral. Wiley. p. 368. ISBN 978-0813824116.
  7. Alino, Porfirio M (2002). Atlas of Philippine Coral Reefs. Quezon City, Philippines: JMC Press, Goodwill Trading Co. p. 230. ISBN 971-12-0250-6.
  8. Latypov, Yuri Ya (2015-02-02). Field Guide to Reef-Building Corals. p. 23. ISBN 9789711202507.
  9. Crawford, Quinton (December 28, 2015). The Global Situation. p. 19. ISBN 9781458333230.
  10. "The Sad Tale of Acropora Corals". July 6, 2012. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
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