Agama impalearis
Agama impalearis, Bibron's agama, is a species of lizard from the family Agamidae from north western Africa.
| Agama impalearis | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Iguania |
| Family: | Agamidae |
| Genus: | Agama |
| Species: | A. impalearis |
| Binomial name | |
| Agama impalearis Boettger, 1874 | |
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| Synonyms | |
Description
Agama impalearis is a medium-sized lizard, growing to up to 25–30 cm in total length, 15 cm of which is made up of the cylindrical tail. The dorsal scales are relatively large and each scale is the same size as all the others, it has some spikes on its neck and on the side of the head while the throat is wrinkled. The males are larger than the females. The dorsal surface is greyish green and is marked with brown spots while the head is blue with orange rims around the eyes. When breeding, the male's head and body turn coppery-orange while the rest of the body turning purplish-blue with paler rings on the tail. The females are mainly bluish grey with their backs coloured orangey-yellow and marked with red stripes.[2] The colour can also vary because of age or exposure to the sun. Juveniles have tubercles where the spikes will grow when they are adult .[3]
Distribution
Agama impalearis is found in north western Africa with its distribution centred on Morocco but it extends south to Western Sahara and east into eastern Algeria[4] as far as east as Batna Province in northeastern Algeria.[5] It may also occur in the Zemmour Massif in northern Mauritania.[1]
Habitat and ecology
Agama impalearis occurs in rocky areas, where it is diurnal, its main prey are arthropods but it will take small lizards as well as feeding on plant material.[1] In Morocco it is thought that these lizards eat flowers mainly for the moisture content.[3] It has also been recorded from Mediterranean type vegetation, steppe, and areas of suitable habitat at the margins of cultivated land. One-third to half of all females lay two clutches of eggs per year, the remainder lay one. Each clutch contains between six and 23 eggs, with a mean number of 14 eggs. The breeding season falls between late April and early September and the females begin to breed in their first year; 1–2-year-old females are the commonest age for breeding.[1] It is a good climber over trees and rocks and is tolerant of high temperatures and exposure to the sun, although in the hottest part of the day in midsummer they may retreat to shade. When they feel threatened they can rapidly flee to a hiding place between rocks or under a shrub. In habitats where there is abundant prey and plenty of shelter these lizards can occur at high densities. Its main predators are snakes and raptors and if it cannot flee to a shelter it will play dead.[3] The night is spent in a burrow excavated under a large stone, in a bank or an under embankment, the main burrow is less than one metre in length and may have several side galleries. When not foraging the males use a rock or a pile of rocks as a lookout to monitor their territory, each territory being 100 to 500 square meters in extent.[2]
When breeding if two males encounter one another they display by making themselves look as big as possible, swelling the throat and pushing the anterior portion of the body up with the front legs in an attempt to intimidate the other male. The other male either flees or begins a fight where the males circle each other and use their tails as weapons until one gives up and runs away. The male approaches a female in breeding condition with circular movements, then the female signals her readiness to mate by arching her back and raising her body and tail, the male then bites the nape of her neck and copulates with her. The eggs complete much of their development within the female and are laid into a moist substrate. Their does not appear to be nay parental care and the eggs hatch after 60 days.[3]
Taxonomy
Genetic studies have confirmed the existence of two distinct clades of Agama impalearis, one on the north and west of the Atlas Mountains and the other to the south and east. There is some intergrade between the two forms but there are consistent morphological differences as well as clear differences in mitochondrial DNA which suggest that these forms may represent separate species.[3]
Conservation
Agama impalearis is a wide-ranging species with no known threats. It is regularly found in the European pet trade but collection of specimens for this trade is not considered to be at any risk to the species.[1]
References
- Wilms, T.; Wagner, P. (2013). "Agama impalearis". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: 2013: e.T197431A2482776. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T197431A2482776.en.
- "Agama impalearis - Agame de Bibron" (in French). Sahara-Nature. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- Gabriel Martínez del Mármol Marín; Octavio Jiménez Robles (2012). "Bibron's agama Agama impalearis Boettger, 1874". Amphibians & Reptiles of Morocco and Western Sahara (in Spanish). Morocco Herps,com. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- "Agama impalearis BOETTGER, 1874". The Reptile Database. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- Messaoud Saoudi; Abdeldjabar Necer; Mohamed Bensaci; Idriss Bouam (2017). "Distribution extension of Agama impalearis (Boettger, 1874) (Reptilia: Agamidae), with a new record from Batna province, north-eastern Algeria". Herpetology Notes. 10: 262–161.