Al-Waqi'a

Sura 56 of the Quran
الواقعة ; Al-Wāqiʻah; The Event
	Arabic text; English translation; Audio of sura (ar);
Classification	Meccan
Other names	The Event, The Inevitable
Position	Juzʼ 27
No. of Rukus	3
No. of verses	96

Al-Waqi'a[2] (Arabic: الواقعة‎; "The Inevitable"[1] or "The Event"[3]) is the 56th surah (chapter) of the Quran. Muslims believe it was revealed in Mecca (see Meccan surah), specifically around 7 years before the Hegira (622), the migration of Muhammad to Medina.[4] The total number of verses in this surah are 96. It mainly discusses the afterlife according to Islam, and the different fates people will face in it.

A 14th/15th century panel containing excerpts from Al-Waqi'a (center).[1]

Summary

1-2 The coming of the judgment-day inevitable
3-7 Its terrors described
8-11 Its coming shall separate men into three classes
12-39 Joys of the Muslim heaven described
40-56 The punishment of the wicked in hell depicted
57-73 Arguments for the resurrection of the dead drawn from God’s work in creation and providence
74-81 Oath by the stars that the Qurán is divinely inspired
82-96 Men should believe in God since they cannot save the dying from death [5]

The Afterlife (akhirah) is the main topic discussed in the chapter. Picking up from the preceding chapter, Ar-Rahman, which discusses the rewards of Paradise (jannah), this chapter also mentions them and then contrasts them with the punishment of hell. The chapter also distinguishes the three classes of people in the afterlife, "the foremost", "the companions of the right" and "the companions of the left". According to chapter, the first two groups will enter paradise while the companions of the left will go to hell.[3] Here, "the right" is associated with goodness, the righteous will be seated to the right of God's throne and receive their records of deeds in their right hand.[6] The "foremost" refers to a special group of people who will have an even better fate than the companion of the right in the afterlife. Quranic commentators differ on understanding who the foremost is. They variously identify the foremost with the prophets, the saints, the truthful, the martyrs, the first to accept Islam, and others.[7]

Revelation history

According to Quranic commentators, the chapter is a Meccan sura, that is, it was revealed during the Meccan period of Muhammad's prophethood. Some commentators, although not in the majority, argue that part of it was revealed during the Medinan period. Some of such commentators maintain that verses 39–40 are the verses that was from the Medinan period, while some say 81–82, and others say 83.[3]

The traditional Egyptian chronology puts the chapter as the 41st chapter by the order of revelation (after Al-Tur), while the Nöldeke Chronology (by the orientalist Theodor Nöldeke) puts it as the 46th.[8] The chapter's position in the Quran, which is not determined by the revelation order, is as the 56th chapter, right after Ar-Rahman which discusses partly related topic. Some commentators, such as Ahmad ibn Ajiba consider Al-Waqi'a a continuation of Ar-Rahman.[3]

Exegesis

Q56:22 Houri

56:22 And (there will be) Houri with wide lovely eyes.[2]^:56:22

According to Ibn Kathir, in paradise there will be,

"Houri (fair females) with wide lovely eyes, like preserved pearls. Therefore, God's statement, (Verily, We have created them), meaning, in the other life, after they became old in this life, they were brought back while virgin, youthful, being delightfully passionate with their husbands, beautiful, kind and cheerful".[2]^:56:22

In The Message of The Qur'an, Muhammad Asad asserts that the "noun hur - rendered as 'companions pure' - is a plural of both ahwar (masculine) and hawra' (female), either of which describes a person distinguished by hawar', which latter term primarily denotes 'intense whiteness of the eyeballs and lustrous black of the iris'. Asad as well as Yusuf Ali & Pickthall translate this verse as:[9][10][11]

And [with them will be their] companions pure, most beautiful of eye, like unto pearls [still] hidden in their shells. [And this will be] a reward for what they did [in life].

The Enlightening Commentary into the Light of the Holy Qur'an says, "the people of Paradise shall have spouses from amongst houri with fair complexions and wide black eyes who are preserved like pearls in shells".[12]

References

"Qur'anic Verses (56:77-9) on Carpet Page". World Digital Library. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
Ibn Kathir. "Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Surah Al Waqiah". Quran 4 U. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
The Study Quran, p. 1319.
The Message of the Quran, M. Asad, 1982, Introduction Surah Al-Waqi'a. According to all available evidence, this surah was revealed about seven years before the Prophet's hijrah.
Wherry, Elwood Morris (1896). A Complete Index to Sale's Text, Preliminary Discourse, and Notes. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, and Co. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
The Study Quran, p. 1320, vv.8–9 commentaries.
The Study Quran, p. 1321, v.10 commentary.
Ernst 2011, p. 39.
The Message of the Quran, Muhammad Asad, 1982, Commentary on 56:22. And [with them will be their] companions pure, most beautiful of eye, like unto pearls [still] hidden in their shells. [And this will be] a reward for what they did [in life].
The Quran, tranl. by Pickthall, Surah 56:22. "And (there are) fair ones with wide, lovely eyes".
The Holy Quran, Yusuf Ali, Surah 56:22 "And (there will be) Companions with beautiful big and lustrous eyes".
"An Enlightening Commentary into the Light of the Holy Qur'an vol. 17". Al Islam.org. p. 380. Retrieved 27 January 2020.

Works related to The Holy Qur'an (Maulana Muhammad Ali)/56. The Event at Wikisource

Bibliography

Carl W. Ernst (5 December 2011). How to Read the Qur'an: A New Guide, with Select Translations. Univ of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-6907-9.
Seyyed Hossein Nasr; Caner K. Dagli; Maria Massi Dakake; Joseph E.B. Lumbard; Mohammed Rustom, eds. (2015). The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary. New York, NY: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-112586-7.

Surah Al-Waqiah – History, Benefits and Blessings

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[WDL1-1] "Qur'anic Verses (56:77-9) on Carpet Page". World Digital Library. Retrieved 1 March 2013.

[Quran_4_U-2] Ibn Kathir. "Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Surah Al Waqiah". Quran 4 U. Retrieved 27 January 2020.

[FOOTNOTEThe_Study_Quran1319-3] The Study Quran, p. 1319.

[4] The Message of the Quran, M. Asad, 1982, Introduction Surah Al-Waqi'a. According to all available evidence, this surah was revealed about seven years before the Prophet's hijrah.

[5] Wherry, Elwood Morris (1896). A Complete Index to Sale's Text, Preliminary Discourse, and Notes. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, and Co. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[FOOTNOTEThe_Study_Quran1320,_vv.8–9_commentaries-6] The Study Quran, p. 1320, vv.8–9 commentaries.

[FOOTNOTEThe_Study_Quran1321,_v.10_commentary-7] The Study Quran, p. 1321, v.10 commentary.

[FOOTNOTEErnst201139-8] Ernst 2011, p. 39.

[9] The Message of the Quran, Muhammad Asad, 1982, Commentary on 56:22. And [with them will be their] companions pure, most beautiful of eye, like unto pearls [still] hidden in their shells. [And this will be] a reward for what they did [in life].

[10] The Quran, tranl. by Pickthall, Surah 56:22. "And (there are) fair ones with wide, lovely eyes".

[11] The Holy Quran, Yusuf Ali, Surah 56:22 "And (there will be) Companions with beautiful big and lustrous eyes".

[12] "An Enlightening Commentary into the Light of the Holy Qur'an vol. 17". Al Islam.org. p. 380. Retrieved 27 January 2020.