Amiga 600
The Amiga 600, also known as the A600 (codenamed "June Bug" after a B-52s song), is a home computer that was introduced at the CeBIT show in March 1992. The A600 is Commodore International's final model based on the Motorola 68000 CPU and the ECS chipset. It is essentially a redesign of the Amiga 500 Plus, with the option of an internal hard disk drive and a PCMCIA port. A notable aspect of the A600 is its small size. Lacking a numeric keypad, the A600 is only slightly larger than a standard PC keyboard (14" wide by 9.5" long by 3" high and weighing approximately 6 pounds). It shipped with AmigaOS 2.0, which was generally considered more user-friendly than earlier versions of the operating system.
 | |
| Manufacturer | Commodore |
|---|---|
| Type | Home computer |
| Release date | March 1992 |
| Discontinued | 1993 |
| Operating system | AmigaOS 2.05 (up to 3.1 with ROM replacement and 3.9 with CPU upgrade) |
| CPU | Motorola 68000 @ 7.16 MHz 7.09 MHz (PAL) |
| Memory | 1 MB (80 ns access time) (6 MB Maximum, more with unofficial expansions) |
| Predecessor | Amiga 500, Amiga 500 Plus |
| Successor | Amiga 1200 |
Like the A500, the A600 was aimed at the lower end of the market, with the higher end being dominated by the Amiga 3000. Commodore intended it to revitalize sales of the A500-related line before the introduction of the 32-bit Amiga 1200. According to Dave Haynie, the A600 "was supposed to be US$50–60 cheaper than the A500, but it came in at about that much more expensive than the A500."[1] This is supported by the fact that the A600 was originally to have been numbered the A300, positioning it as a lower-budget version of the A500+. In the event, the cost led the machine to be marketed as a replacement for the A500+, requiring a change of model number. Early models feature motherboards and power supplies with the A300 designation.
The managing director of Commodore UK, David Pleasance, described the A600 as a "complete and utter screw-up".[2] In comparison to the popular A500 it was considered unexpandable, did not improve on the A500's CPU, was more expensive, and lacked a numeric keypad meaning that some existing software such as flight simulators (such as Electronic Arts' F/A-18 Interceptor) and application software cannot be used without a numerical pad emulator.
An "A600HD" model was sold with an internal 2.5" ATA hard disk drive of either 20 or 40 MB. This model was marketed as a more "scholarly" version of a home computer, previously best known for its extensive range of games, and retailed at almost double the price of a standard A600. However, this hard disk support introduced some issues with existing Amiga software because the memory used for hard disk control prevented some memory-intensive titles from launching without disabling the hard drive (via the machine's inbuilt boot menu). Later models sold without a hard disk drive in the "Wild, Weird, and Wicked" bundle contained the A600HD label, but with the HD cradle and HD missing. These all have ROM version 37.350.
The A600 was the first Amiga model to be manufactured in the UK. The factory was in Irvine, Scotland, although some later examples were manufactured in Hong Kong. It was also manufactured in the Philippines.
Technical information
Processor and RAM
The A600 shipped with a Motorola 68000 CPU, running at 7.09 MHz (PAL) or 7.16 MHz (NTSC) and 1 MB "chip" RAM with 80-ns access time.[3][4]
The designers included no capability to upgrade the original CPU as the 68000 is soldered to the motherboard and there is no other connection for upgrade. Despite this, unofficial CPU upgrades include the Motorola 68010, 68020 (at up to 25 MHz), and 68030 (at up to 50 MHz). The processor is upgraded not by replacing the 68000, but rather by fitting a connector over the CPU and commandeering the system bus.[5] However, this approach caused instability problems with some board designs, prompting custom modifications for stable operation. As a result, such CPU expansions were largely unpopular.[6]
RAM can be upgraded to a maximum of 2 MB "chip RAM" using the trap-door expansion slot. An additional 4 MB of "fast RAM" can be added in the PC Card slot using a suitable SRAM card to reach a capacity of 6 MB. However, more "fast RAM" can be added with unofficial memory or CPU upgrades. For example, the A608 [7] board adds up to a maximum of 8 MB additional RAM by connecting over the original 68000. Likewise, CPU upgrades can accommodate up to 64 MB.[5][8]
Other unofficial community expansions exist, like the FPGA-driven Vampire[9] which adds 128MB Fastmem RAM, HDMI output, SD card for HDD storage and a 64-bit core with full 32-bit compatibility.
Graphics and sound
The A600 is the last Amiga model to use Commodore's Enhanced Chip Set (ECS), which can address 2 MB of RAM and adds higher resolution display modes. The so-called Super Agnus display chip can drive screen modes varying from 320×200 pixels to 1280×512 pixels, with different frequency sync. As with the original Amiga chipset, up to 32 colors can be displayed from a 12-bit (4096 color) palette at lower display resolutions. An extra-half-bright mode offers 64 simultaneous colors by allowing each of the 32 colors in the palette to be dimmed to half brightness. Additionally, a 4096-color "HAM" mode can be used at lower resolutions. At higher resolutions, such as 800×600i, only 4 simultaneous colors can be displayed.
Sound was unchanged from the original Amiga design, namely, 4 DMA-driven 8-bit channels, with two channels for the left speaker and two for the right.
The A600 was the first Amiga model with a built-in RF modulator (RCA), which allowed the A600 to be used with a standard CRT television without the need for a Commodore A520 RF Modulator adaptor.
Peripherals and expansion
The A600 features Amiga-specific connectors including two DB9M ports for joysticks, mice, and light pens, a standard 25-pin RS-232 serial port and a 25-pin Centronics parallel port. As a result, the A600 is compatible with many peripherals available for earlier Amiga models, such as MIDI, sound samplers and video-capture devices.
Expansion capabilities new to the Amiga line were the PCMCIA Type II slot and the internal 44-pin ATA interface both most commonly seen on laptop computers. Both interfaces are controlled by the 'Gayle' custom chip. The A600 has internal housing for one 2.5" internal hard disk drive connecting to the ATA controller.[3]
The A600 is the first of only two Amiga models to feature a PCMCIA Type II interface. This connector allows use of a number of compatible peripherals available for the laptop-computer market, although only 16-bit PCMCIA cards are hardware-compatible; newer 32-bit PC Card (CardBus) peripherals are incompatible. Mechanically, only Type I and Type II cards fit in the slot; thicker Type III cards will not fit (although they may connect if the A600 is removed from its original case). The port is also not fully compliant with the PCMCIA Type II standard as the A600 was developed before the standard was finalized. The PCMCIA implementation on the A600 is almost identical to the one featured on a later Amiga, the 1200. A number of Amiga peripherals were released by third-party developers for this connector including SRAM cards, CD-ROM controllers, SCSI controllers, network cards, sound samplers, and video-capture devices. Although PCMCIA was similar in spirit to Commodore's expansion architecture for its earlier systems, the intended capability for convenient external expansion through this connector was largely unrealized at the time of release because of the prohibitive expense of PCMCIA peripherals for a lower-budget personal computer.[10] Later, a number of compatible laptop-computer peripherals have been made to operate with the A600, including network cards (both wired and wireless), serial modems and CompactFlash adapters.
Operating system
The A600 shipped with AmigaOS 2.0, consisting of Workbench 2.0 and a Kickstart ROM revision 37.299, 37.300 or 37.350 (Commodore's internal revision numbers). Confusingly, all three ROM revisions were officially designated as version "2.05". Some early A600s shipped with Kickstart 37.299, which had neither support for the internal ATA controller, nor for the PCMCIA interface. Although it is possible to load the necessary drivers from floppy disk, it is not possible to boot directly from ATA or PCMCIA devices. Models fitted with Kickstart 37.300 or 37.350 can utilize those devices at boot time. Version 37.350 improved compatibility with ATA hard disks by increasing the wait time for disks to spin up during boot.
It is possible to upgrade the A600 to Workbench 2.1. This features a localization of the operating system in several languages and has a "CrossDOS" driver providing read/write support for FAT (MS-DOS)-formatted media such as floppy disks or hard drives. Workbench 2.1 was a software only update which runs on all Kickstart ROMs of the 2.0x family.
Following the release of AmigaOS 3.1 in 1994 it was possible to upgrade the A600 by installing a compatible revision 40.63 Kickstart ROM.
Specifications
| Attribute | Specification[3] |
|---|---|
| Processor | Motorola 68000 at 7.16 MHz (NTSC) or 7.09 MHz (PAL) |
| RAM |
1 MB Amiga Chip RAM with 80 ns access time; upgradeable by further 1 MB in "trapdoor" expansion slot |
| ROM | 512 kB Kickstart ROM or 1 MB with unofficial expansions |
| Chipset | Enhanced Chip Set (ECS) |
| Video | 12-bit color palette (4096 colors) Graphic modes from: |
| Audio | 4 × 8-bit PCM channels (2 stereo channels) 28–56 kHz maximum DMA sampling rate (dependent on video mode in use) |
| Removable storage | 3.5" DD floppy disk drive (880 kB capacity) |
| Internal Storage | 20 or 40 MB 2.5" hard disk drive (A600HD model only) |
| Audio/video out | Analog RGB video out (DB-23M) Colour Composite video out (RCA) |
| Input/output ports | 2 × Mouse/Gamepad ports (DE9) RS-232 serial port (DB-25M) |
| Expansion slots | 80-pin expansion slot for 1 MB RAM upgrade (may include a RTC) |
| Operating system | AmigaOS 2.0 (Workbench 2.05 and Kickstart 2.05)
AmigaOS 3.1 with Kickstart 3.1 replacement and 3.5/3.9 with 68020 CPU upgrade |
| Physical dimensions | 350 × 240 ×75 mm (W × D × H) |
| Other | Integrated keyboard with 78 keys (without numeric keypad) |
Bundled software
In addition to the stock A600, mouse, power supply, and Workbench disk package, the A600 was available with the following software and hardware bundles:
- 'Lemmings' bundle (1992): Lemmings and the Electronic Arts graphics package Deluxe Paint III.
- 'Robocop 3D' bundle (1992): Robocop 3D, Myth, Shadow of the Beast III, Graphic Workshop and Microtext
- 'Wild, Weird and Wicked' bundle (late 1992, £349 launch price): Formula One Grand Prix, Pushover, Putty and Deluxe Paint III
- A600HD 'Epic/Language' bundle (1992, £499 launch price): including internal 20 MB hard disk drive, a word processor, Trivial Pursuit, Myth, Rome and Epic.
See also
References
- Haynie, Dave, "Re: Amiga CPU is similar to Mac CPU", Usenet (comp.sys.mac.hardware.misc). Posted 4 November 2002, article retrieved from Google Groups archive on 9 November 2006.
- Tim Smith and Chris Lloyd, "Chewing the Facts", Amiga Format, Annual 1994, p 107.
- A600 System Schematics, Commodore Electronics Limited, April 1992, archived from the original on 2012-03-31
- "A600 DRAM type and speed".
- ACA630 short manual (PDF), individual Computers Jens Schönfeld GmbH, 2010, archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-09, retrieved 2011-09-03
- "The Extreme Amiga 600 Upgrading Page - So how do you upgrade an Amiga 600?".
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-06-11. Retrieved 2010-05-26.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- "The Big Book of Amiga Hardware - Apollo 630".
- "Vampire Amiga 600".
- "The Extreme Amiga 600 Upgrading Page - What the hell is an Amiga 600?".
- Karl Foster (ed), "10 Totally Amazing Euro-Amiga Facts", Amiga Format, Annual 1993, p 55.
External links
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