Angren, Uzbekistan

Angren (Uzbek: Angren/Ангрен; Russian: Ангрен; Tajik: Ангрен) is a city in eastern Uzbekistan. The city is located on the Angren River 70 mi (110 km) to the east of Tashkent. The City of Angren was created in 1946 from the villages of Jigariston, Jartepa, Teshiktosh, and Qoʻyxona which had emerged in the rich Angren coal basin during World War II.

Angren Angren/Ангрен
City
Angren Location in Uzbekistan
Coordinates: 41°1′0″N 70°8′37″E
Country	Uzbekistan
Region	Tashkent Region
Founded	1941
City status	1946
Elevation	961 m (3,153 ft)
Population  (2005)
• Total	126,962
Time zone	UTC+5 (UZT)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+5 (not observed)
Postal code	110200[1]
Area code(s)	+998 7066[1]

There were several large coal mines and factories in Angren during Soviet times. Following the collapse of the USSR, the majority of these factories were abandoned. A lack of professionals and machinery, mismanagement, and falling income levels — all contributed to this downfall. While Angren was once an important industrial center, nowadays it gives the impression of an abandoned city and is often referred to as a ghost town.

Still, Angren has retained some of its industrial importance. The city is home to a once considerable and still functioning coal mining industry. It also has a large construction-materials industry, a rubber processing plant, and a power station.

History

The current name of the city is a Russification of the Persian word ohangaron which means "blacksmiths."[2] In 1936, first geological explorations were carried out in the Angren Valley. In 1940, the first coal mine was built in the area and it became operational in 1942. In 1941, Angren and Tashkent were connected with a railway line.

During World War II, several settlements, namely, the villages of Jigariston, Jartepa, Teshiktosh, and Qoʻyxona grew up in the area. On June 13, 1946, the Supreme Soviet of the Uzbek SSR issued a decree to create the City of Angren from these settlements.[3] In his book The Gulag Archipelago, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn mentioned Angren as one of the Soviet towns that grew up next to a gulag labor camp.[4]

Later it turned out that most of the city had been built above coal seams.[2] Therefore, in 1956 Angren was moved to a different area 7–8 km (4.3–5.0 mi) to the south-west of its original location.

Angren was an important industrial city in the Soviet Union.[5] After the dissolution of the USSR, the majority of ethnic Russians and Tatars living in Angren left the city. There were many experienced workers among those who left. In the 1990s, almost all of the factories in the city were closed down as a result of a lack professionals, disruption of Soviet trade routes, ageing machinery, and mismanagement. Nowadays Angren is often referred to as a ghost town.[6]

Geography

Angren is located in the eastern part of Tashkent region, on the Angren River 70 mi (110 km) to the east of Tashkent. On the north-west of Angren is the Chatkal Range. On the south and south west of the city is the Kurama Range. The mountains that surround Angren rise up to 2,500–3,500 m (8,200–11,500 ft) above sea level.[7]

Climate

The weather is relatively cool and pleasantly windy. Angren has a hot, dry-summer continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dsa) with cold winters and hot summers.[7] The average July temperature is 27 °C (81 °F). The mean temperature in January is −2 °C (28 °F).

Climate data for Angren
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °C	2	4	9	16	21	27	30	30	25	18	11	4	16
Average low °C	−7	−6	−1	5	8	12	14	14	9	4	0	−4	4
Average precipitation mm	53.5	68.1	57	61.5	50.9	25.8	21.8	7.3	9.3	36.8	60.4	72	524.4
Average high °F	36	39	48	61	70	81	86	86	77	64	52	39	62
Average low °F	19	21	30	41	46	54	57	57	48	39	32	25	39
Average precipitation inches	2.11	2.68	2.2	2.42	2.00	1.02	0.86	0.29	0.37	1.45	2.38	2.8	20.58
Source: [8]

Demographics

Prior to the collapse of the Soviet Union, Angren had a significant Russian population. The population of the city declined in the 1990s because of poor living conditions, unemployment, and mass emigration. In 2005, Angren had a population of 130,000.[9] Uzbeks, Tajiks and Russians are the largest ethnic groups.

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1969	94,000	—
1985	122,000	+29.8%
2000	130,000	+6.6%
2005	126,962	−2.3%
Source: [2][7][9][10]

Economy

Angren has retained some of its industrial importance.[3] The city is home to a once considerable and still functioning coal mining industry. Angren's coal reserves represent almost one quarter of Central Asia's coal supplies.[7] Two thirds of Angren's coal is extracted using the surface mining method. The city also has a large construction-materials industry, a rubber processing plant, and a power station.[10]

Education

The Angren Pedagogical Institute was the largest higher education institute in Angren. The city is also home to technical and medical universities, several academic lyceums, three music schools, and one sports school.[2]

Notable people

• Bakhtiyar Gulyamov - Current Ambassador of Uzbekistan to the United States
• Alexander Geynrikh - a regular for the Uzbekistan national football team
• Ilyos Zeytulayev - a regular for the Uzbekistan national football team
• Osman Pashayev - Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar journalist.

References

1. "Angren". SPR (in Russian). Retrieved 7 May 2014.
2. "Angren". Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi (in Uzbek). Toshkent: Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi. 2000–2005.
3. "Angren". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 7 May 2014.
4. Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr (2006). The Gulag Archipelago (1918-1956: An Experiment in Literary Investigation III-IV) (PDF) (in Russian). Yekaterinburg: U-Faktoriya. p. 457. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
5. "Angren (City in the Uzbek SSR)" (in Russian). Akademik. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
6. Volosevich, Aleksey (30 January 2014). "Angren: The gloomy stability of Uzbekistan's small towns". Ferghana (in Russian). Retrieved 20 January 2015.
7. Moʻminov, Ibrohim, ed. (1971). "Angren". Oʻzbek sovet ensiklopediyasi (in Uzbek). 1. Toshkent. pp. 355–356.
8. "Average high/low temperature for Angren, Uzbekistan". World Weather Online. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
9. "Angren City" (in Russian). Goroda.uz. Archived from the original on 20 January 2015. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
10. "Angren". Ensiklopedik lugʻat (in Uzbek). 1. Toshkent: Oʻzbek sovet ensiklopediyasi. 1988. p. 42. 5-89890-002-0.

External links

• Angren Info, Unofficial website of Angren (in Russian)
• Ghost town, A photo gallery of Angren (in Russian)