Annaka Domain

Annaka Domain (安中藩, Annaka-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Kōzuke Province (modern-day Gunma Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Annaka Castle in what is now the city of Annaka, Gunma.

Annaka Domain
安中藩
under Tokugawa shogunate Japan
1615–1871
CapitalAnnaka Castle
 • TypeDaimyō
Historical eraEdo period
• Established
1615
• Disestablished
1871
Today part ofpart of Gunma Prefecture

History

Ii Naomasa was one of Tokugawa Ieyasu's most trusted Four Generals, and was made daimyō of Hikone Domain, with revenues of 180,000 koku. After his death in 1603, he was succeeded by his son, Ii Naotsugu, who was in poor health. Naotsugu sent his younger brother, Ii Naokatsu to the Siege of Osaka, where he served with great distinction. As a reward, Tokugawa Ieyasu gave Hikone to Naokatsu, and reassigned his elder brother to the much smaller holding (30,000 koku) of Annaka in 1615. This marked the start of Annaka Domain. After beginning work on Annaka Castle and the surrounding castle town, Naotsugu retired in favor of his son, Ii Naoyoshi, who was transferred to Nishio Domain in Mikawa Province in 1643.

The Ii clan was replaced by Mizuno Mototsugu from Shinjō Domain in Mikawa, and the domain was reduced to 20,000 koku. He turned the domain over to his son Mizonu Mototomo in 1663; however after Mototomo went insane and attempted to murder his wife in 1667, he was relieved of his post.

The shogunate then assigned Hotta Masatomo to the domain. Masatomo also served as rōjū to Shōgun Tokugawa Ietsuna from 1679–80. He left Annaka on his appointment to Tairō under Tokugawa Tsunayoshi in 1681. A hatamoto, Itakura Shigekata, was then raised to the ranks of daimyo, and assigned to Annaka. His son, Itakura Shigeatsu was reassigned to Izumi Domain in Mutsu Province in 1702, exchanging places with Naitō Masamori. The Naitō clan ruled for three generations until their transfer to Komori Domain in Shinano Province in 1749.

The Itakura clan then returned to Annaka in the form of Itakura Katsukiyo, formerly of Sagara Domain in Tōtōmi Province. The Itakura continued to rule Annaka until the end of the Edo period. During their rule, Annaka came to be known as an educational center after the 4th Itakura daimyo, Itakura Katsunao, established a domain academy in 1808. However, the domain had suffered greatly during the Great Tenmei famine of 1782-1788 and its finances were further ruined by the burden of having to repair the Nakasendo and provide an escort for Princess Kazunomiya on her travel to Edo to wed Shōgun Tokugawa Iemochi in 1862. During the Bakumatsu period, discontent with the shogunate led to the Sekihōtai movement, which started in Annaka. During the Boshin War, the final daimyo, Itakura Katsumasa was assigned by Shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu to hold the Usui Pass against the armies of the Satchō Alliance, but he quickly capitulated to the imperial forces.

After the end of the conflict, with the abolition of the han system in July 1871, Annaka Domain became "Annaka Prefecture", which later became part of Gunma Prefecture. The Meiji-era educator Joseph Hardy Neesima was the son of a retainer of the Itakura clan of Annaka.

The domain had a population of 896 samurai in 206 households per a census in 1872.[1]

Holdings at the end of the Edo period

As with most domains in the han system, Tatebayashi Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned kokudaka, based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields.[2][3]

  • Kōzuke Province
    • 6 villages in Gunma District
    • 34 villages in Usui District
  • Shimōsa Province
    • 9 villages in Katori District
    • 10 villages in Inba District
    • 4 villages in Kaijō District

List of daimyōs
#NameTenureCourtesy titleCourt Rankkokudaka
Ii clan (fudai) 1615–1645
1Ii Naokatsu (井伊直勝)1615–1632Sakon-no-taifu (左近大夫)Lower 4th (従四位下)30,000 koku
2Ii Naoyoshi (井伊直好)1632–1645Hyōbu-shōyu (兵部少輔)Lower 5th (従五位下)30,000 koku
Mizuno clan (fudai) 1645–1667
1Mizuno Mototsuna (水野元綱)1645–1664Bungo-no-kami (備後守)Lower 5th (従五位下)20,000 koku
2Mizuno Mototomo (水野元知)1664–1667Shinano-no-kami (信濃守)Lower 5th (従五位下)20,000 koku
Hotta clan (fudai) 1667–1681
1Hotta Masatoshi (堀田正俊)1667–1681Chikuzen-no-kami (筑前守); Jijū (侍従)Lower 4th (従四位下)20,000→40,000 koku
Itakura clan (fudai) 1681–1702
1Itakura Shigekata (板倉重形)1681–1684Iyo-no-kami (伊予守)Lower 5th (従五位下)15,000 koku
2Itakura Shigeatsu (板倉重同)1684–1702Iyo-no-kami (伊予守)Lower 5th (従五位下)15,000 koku
Naitō clan (fudai) 1702–1749
1Naito Masamori (内藤政森)1702–1733Tanba-no-kami (丹波守)Lower 5th (従五位下)20,000 koku
2Naito Masasato (内藤政里)1733–1746-none--none-20,000 koku
3Naito Masamitsu (内藤政苗)1746–1749Tanba-no-kami (丹波守)Lower 5th (従五位下)20,000 koku
Itakura clan (fudai) 1749-1871
1Itakura Katsukiyo (板倉勝清)1749–1780Sado-no-kami (佐渡守); Jijū (侍従)Lower 4th (従四位下)20,000 ->30,000 koku
2Itakura Katsutoshi (板倉勝暁)1780–1792Hizen-no-kami (肥前守)Lower 4th (従四位下)30,000 koku
3Itakura Katsuoki (板倉勝意)1792–1805Iyo-no-kami (伊予守)Lower 4th (従四位下)30,000 koku
4Itakura Katsunao (板倉勝尚)1805–1820Iyo-no-kami (伊予守)Lower 5th (従五位下)30,000 koku
5Itakura Katsuakira (板倉勝明)1820–1857Iyo-no-kami (伊予守)Lower 5th (従五位下)30,000 koku
6Itakura Katsumasa (板倉勝殷)1857–1871Kazue-no-kami (主計頭)Lower 5th (従五位下)30,000 koku

References
  • Papinot, E. (1910). Historical and Geographic Dictionary of Japan. Tuttle (reprint) 1972.

Notes
  1. Edo daimyo.net (in Japanese) Archived April 4, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  2. Mass, Jeffrey P. and William B. Hauser. (1987). The Bakufu in Japanese History, p. 150.
  3. Elison, George and Bardwell L. Smith (1987). Warlords, Artists, & Commoners: Japan in the Sixteenth Century, p. 18.
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