Anoectochilus

Anoectochilus, commonly known as marbled jewel orchids[3] or filigree orchids,[4] is a genus of about fifty species in the orchid family Orchidaceae. They are terrestrial herbs with a creeping rhizome, an upright flowering stem and dark coloured leaves with contrasting veins. The flowers are relatively large and have a large labellum, markedly different from the sepals and petals.

Marbled jewel orchids
Anoectochilus setaceus
1844 iIllustration[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Cranichideae
Subtribe: Goodyerinae
Genus: Anoectochilus
Blume[2]
Type species
Anoectochilus setaceus
Blume
Species

See text

Anoectochilus regalis

Description

Orchids in the genus Anoectochilus are terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, sympodial herbs with a creeping, above-ground rhizome with wiry roots that look woolly. The leaves are arranged in a rosette and are relatively broad and thin. They are dark green or brownish purple and have a contrasting network of silvery or reddish veins. The flowers are relatively large, hairy, velvety, resupinate and arranged in a short spike. The dorsal sepal and petals overlap to form a hood over the column with the lateral sepals spreading apart from each other. The labellum is relatively large with two sections - an upper "epichile" and lower "hypochile" separated by a narrow section. The hypochile has a cylinder-shaped spur containing two large glands and is joined to the epichile with a "claw" that has spreading teeth or a long fringe. The fruit is a hairy capsule containing a large number of winged seeds.[3][4][5][6]

Taxonomy and naming

The genus Anoectochilus was first formally described in 1825 by Carl Ludwig Blume and Anoectochilus setaceus was the first species he described, hence it is the type species.[7] The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek words anoiktos (ἀνοικτός) meaning "opened" and cheilos (χεῖλος) meaning "lip".[8]

Distribution

Orchids in this genus range from the Himalayas to south China, Southeast Asia, Australia, New Guinea, Melanesia and Hawaii,[9] found in moist areas with deep shade.[3][4]

List of species

The following is a list of species recognised by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families as at May 2018:[2]

  • Anoectochilus albolineatus C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f. (1874) : white lines anoectochilus (Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam)
  • Anoectochilus albomarginatus Loudon (1855)
  • Anoectochilus annamenis (2007) (Vietnam)[10]
  • Anoectochilus baotingensis (K.Y.Lang) Ormerod (2003) (China, Hainan)
  • Anoectochilus brevilabris Lindl. (1840) : short-lipped Anoectochilus
  • Anoectochilus brevistylus (Hook.f.) Ridl. (1907)
  • Anoectochilus burmannicus Rolfe (1922)
  • Anoectochilus calcareus Aver. (1996 publ. 1997).
  • Anoectochilus dewildeorum Ormerod (2005) (Sumatra)
  • Anoectochilus dulongensis Ormerod (2013) (Sumatra)
  • Anoectochilus elatus Lindl. (1857).
  • Anoectochilus emeiensis K.Y.Lang (1982)
  • Anoectochilus falconis Ormerod (2005) (Malaysia)
  • Anoectochilus flavescens Blume (1825).
  • Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata (1914). (Chinese: 臺灣金線蓮; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-ôan kim-sòaⁿ-liân))
  • Anoectochilus geniculatus Ridl. (1896) (Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra)
  • Anoectochilus hainanensis H.Z.Tian, F.W.Xing & L.Li (2008).
  • Anoectochilus imitans Schltr. (1906).
  • Anoectochilus insignis Schltr. (1911).
  • Anoectochilus integrilabris Carr (1935).
  • Anoectochilus kinabaluensis (Rolfe) J.J.Wood & Ormerod (1994).
  • Anoectochilus klabatensis (Schltr.) S.Thomas (2002).
  • Anoectochilus koshunensis Hayata (1914).
  • Anoectochilus longicalcaratus J.J.Sm. (1922).
  • Anoectochilus longilobus H.Jiang & H.Z.Tian (2014).
  • Anoectochilus lylei Rolfe ex Downie (1925).
  • Anoectochilus malipoensis W.H.Chen & Y.M.Shui (2010).
  • Anoectochilus monicae J.J.Wood (2004).
  • Anoectochilus nandanensis Y.Feng Huang & X.C.Qu (2015).
  • Anoectochilus narasimhanii Sumathi & al. (2003).
  • Anoectochilus nicobaricus N.P.Balakr. & P.Chakra (1978 publ. 1979).
  • Anoectochilus papillosus Aver. (2007).
  • Anoectochilus papuanus (Schltr.) W.Kittr. (1984 publ. 1985).
  • Anoectochilus pectinatus (Hook.f.) Ridl. (1907).
  • Anoectochilus pingbianensis K.Y.Lang (1996).
  • Anoectochilus regalis Blume (1858).
  • Anoectochilus reinwardtii Blume (1858).
  • Anoectochilus rhombilabius Ormerod (2002).
  • Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. (1839).
  • Anoectochilus sandvicensis Lindl. (1840).
  • Anoectochilus setaceus Blume (1825) : bristly anoectochilus (type species)
  • Anoectochilus subregularis (Rchb.f.) Ormerod (1996).
  • Anoectochilus sumatranus (J.J.Sm.) J.B.Comber (2001).
  • Anoectochilus xingrenensis Z.H.Tsi & X.H.Jin (2002).
  • Anoectochilus yatesiae F.M.Bailey (1907).
  • Anoectochilus zhejiangensis Z.Wei & Y.B.Chang (1989).

References
  1. Walter Hood Fitch (1817-1892) del. Swan sc. William Jackson Hooker (1785—1865) ed. - "Curtis's botanical magazine" vol. 70 tab. 4123
  2. "Anoectochilus". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  3. Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 346. ISBN 1877069124.
  4. "Anoectochilus". Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
  5. "Anoectochilus". Flora of China. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
  6. "Genus: Anoectochilus". North American Orchid Conservation Center. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
  7. "Anoectochilus setaceus". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  8. Backer, C.A. (1936). Verklarend woordenboek der wetenschappelijke namen van de in Nederland en Nederlandsch-Indië in het wild groeiende en in tuinen en parken gekweekte varens en hoogere planten (Edition Nicoline van der Sijs).
  9. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  10. "New plant and animal species found in Vietnam" Archived October 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine CNN. September 27, 2007.
  • Ormerod Paul (2005). "Notulae Goodyerinae (II)". Taiwania. 50 (1): 1–10.
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