Apolemichthys trimaculatus

Apolemichthys trimaculatus, the threespot angelfish or flagfin angelfish, is a demersal marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution.

Threespot angelfish
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Pomacanthidae
Genus: Apolemichthys
Species:
A. trimaculatus
Binomial name
Apolemichthys trimaculatus
(Cuvier, 1831)[2]
Synonyms[3]

Holacanthus trimaculatus Cuvier, 1831

Description

Apolemichthys trimaculatus is a bright yellow species of angelfish which has blue lips, a wide black margin to the anal fin, a black spot on the forehead and an faint spot just to the rear of the operculum. The juveniles do not have the spots and show a thin black band running vertically through the eye and vertical golden barring on the flanks.[4] The dorsal fin contains 14 spines and 16-18 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 17-19 soft rays. This species attains a maximum total length of 26 centimetres (10 in).[3]

Distribution

Apolemichthys trimaculatus is widely distributed throughout the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean from the coast of East Africa between Tanzania and Mozambique to the western Pacific Ocean where it reaches as Far East as Samoa, as far north as southern Japan and as far south as New Caledonia.[1] In Australia it is found at Ningaloo Reef, Rowley Shoals and Scott Reef all in Western Australia; Ashmore Reef in the Timor Sea[4] and the Great Barrier Reef in Queensland.[5]

Habitat and biology

Apolemichthys trimaculatus is found at depths of 10 to 80 metres (33 to 262 ft) where it lives on outer coral reef slopes and drop-offs.[1] Here it feeds mainly on benthic invertebrates, mainly sponges and tunicates, although crustaceans are also taken.[6] The juveniles are more secretive and solitary than the adults and typically remain deeper than 25 metres (82 ft). Adults are normally encountered at moderate depths in small, loosely organised groups.[3]

Threespot angelfish has a diurnal activity. It is protogynous hermaphrodite, which means the female can evolved to male during its life, and lives in harem composed of two to seven females for a male and it's a territorial fish.[7]

Systematics

Apolemichthys trimaculatus Was first formally described as Holacanthus trimaculatus in 1831 by the French anatomist Georges Cuvier (1769-1832) with the type locality given as the Molucca Islands.[8]

Utilisation

Apolemichthys trimaculatus is frequently found in the aquarium trade.[1]

References
  1. Pyle, R.; Myers, R.; Rocha, L.A. & Craig, M.T. (2010). "Apolemichthys trimaculatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T165835A6144569. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T165835A6144569.en. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  2. Bailly, N. (2013). Bailly N (ed.). "Apolemichthys trimaculatus". FishBase. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  3. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2019). "Apolemichthys trimaculatus" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
  4. Dianne J. Bray. "Apolemichthys trimaculatus". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  5. "Three-spot Angelfish, Apolemichthys trimaculatus (Cuvier, 1831)". Australian Museum. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  6. "Apolemichthys trimaculatus". Saltcorner!. Bob Goemans. 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  7. Ewald Lieske & Robert Myers (2009). Coral reef fishes. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691089959.
  8. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Apolemichthys". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
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