Arthur Cockfield, Baron Cockfield

The Lord Cockfield
The Right Honourable; The Lord Cockfield; PC
European Commissioner for Internal Market and Services
	In office; 7 January 1985 – 5 January 1989
President	Jacques Delors
Preceded by	Karl-Heinz Narjes
Succeeded by	Martin Bangemann
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
	In office; 11 June 1983 – 11 September 1984
Monarch	Elizabeth II
Prime Minister	Margaret Thatcher
Preceded by	Cecil Parkinson
Succeeded by	The Earl of Gowrie
Secretary of State for Trade; President of the Board of Trade
	In office; 6 April 1982 – 11 June 1983
Monarch	Elizabeth II
Prime Minister	Margaret Thatcher
Preceded by	John Biffen
Succeeded by	Cecil Parkinson (Trade and Industry)
Minister of State for Treasury
	In office; 6 May 1979 – 6 April 1982
Monarch	Elizabeth II
Prime Minister	Margaret Thatcher
Preceded by	Denzil Davies
Succeeded by	John Wakeham
Member of the House of Lords; Lord Temporal
	In office; 14 April 1978 – 8 January 2007; Life Peerage
Personal details
Born	28 September 1916; Horsham, UK
Died	8 January 2007 (aged 90)
Political party	Conservative
Alma mater	London School of Economics

Francis Arthur Cockfield, Baron Cockfield, PC (surname pronounced "Co-feeld"; 28 September 1916 – 8 January 2007), was by turns a civil servant, a company director, a Conservative politician, and a European Commissioner. He served as Minister of State at the Treasury from 1979 to 1982, as Secretary of State for Trade from 1982 until 1983, as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 1983 until 1984, and a member of the European Commission from 1984 to 1988. He is known as 'The Father of the Single Market'.[1][2]

Early life

Cockfield was born in Horsham, West Sussex, a month after his father, Lieutenant C. F. Cockfield, died at the Battle of the Somme. He was educated at Dover Grammar School, then read for an LLB and a BSc (Econ) at the London School of Economics.

Career

Cockfield joined the Inland Revenue in 1938, and was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1942. He progressed rapidly within the Inland Revenue, serving as Director of Statistics from 1945 to 1952 and as a Commissioner from 1951 to 1952, before joining retailer Boots as its finance director. He was its managing director and chairman from 1961 to 1967. He was also a member of Selwyn Lloyd's National Economic Development Council from 1962 to 1964.

Cockfield was known by his first name, Frank, for most of his life but hated it. When he married his first wife, Ruth Simonis, his granddaughter, Emma, recalls how he told her he wished to use his middle name instead: "All my life I've been called Frank but I've hated it – you're to call me Arthur."

Cockfield left Boots to become an adviser to the Conservative politician Iain Macleod on taxation and economic matters, and was president of the Royal Statistical Society from 1968 to 1969. Macleod died shortly after the Conservatives took power in 1970, but Cockfield went on to advise Anthony Barber, Macleod's successor as Chancellor of the Exchequer, until 1973. He then served as chairman of the Price Commission from 1973 to 1977, receiving a knighthood in 1973 New Years Honours List.

Political career

Cockfield was created Baron Cockfield, of Dover in the County of Kent on 14 April 1978.[3] On the election of Margaret Thatcher to office in May 1979, he became a Minister of State at the Treasury, a post he held until April 1982. He became a member of the Privy Council in 1982, and was the last Secretary of State for Trade from 1982, before it was merged with the Department of Industry in 1983.

After the 1983 general election, Cockfield became Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. In this role he had no specific departmental responsibilities, so he effectively became an advisor and a sort of one-man think-tank to the Prime Minister. Lord Cockfield resigned from the cabinet in September 1984 to join the European Commission as commissioner for Internal Market, Tax Law and Customs under Jacques Delors, and a Vice-President of the first Delors Commission. He was expected to follow Thatcher's eurosceptic line, but became a driving force in laying the groundwork for the creation of the Single European Market in 1992. Only a few months after he arrived in Brussels, he produced a mammoth white paper listing 300 barriers to trade, with a timetable for them to be abolished. He was not selected to serve a second term, and was replaced by Leon Brittan.

Later career

After leaving the Commission in 1988, Cockfield became a consultant for accountants Peat, Marwick, McLintock. He was awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold II of Belgium in 1990, and honorary doctorates and fellowships from a number of British and American universities.

Personal life

He married twice. He married his first wife, Ruth Helen Simonis, in 1943, but they divorced in the early 1960s. They had a daughter and a son. He later married choreographer Monica Mudie, in 1970; she died in 1992.

Lord Cockfield is buried, along with his wife Monica, on the Isle of Man.

Arms

Coat of arms of Arthur Cockfield, Baron Cockfield
	Coronet Coronet of a baron [4] Crest A Globe rising Or issuing therefrom a Lymphad Sail furled Azure flying from the main and stern mast Flags Gules therein two Human Figures that in the stern pulling an Oar Or Escutcheon Chequy Azure and Gules two Flaunches conjoined to three Barrulets Or Supporters On either side a Cock Azure combed wattled beaked and legged Gules gorged with a Mural Crown Or Motto Prorsum Specta Nec Rursum

References

"EU Archives" (PDF). European Union. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
Cockfield, Arthur (1994). "European Union: Creating The European Single Market". Wiley Chancery Law. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
"No. 47519". The London Gazette. 24 April 1978. p. 4731.
http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/online/content/lp1958%20c.htm

Obituary, The Times, 10 January 2007
Obituary, The Guardian, 11 January 2007
Obituary, The Daily Telegraph, 11 January 2007
Obituary, The Independent, 22 January 2007

Political offices
Preceded by John Biffen	Secretary of State for Trade 1982–1983	Succeeded by Cecil Parkinson as Secretary of State for Trade and Industry
Preceded by Cecil Parkinson	Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 1983–1984	Succeeded by The Earl of Gowrie
Preceded by Christopher Tugendhat	European Commissioner from the United Kingdom 1985–1989 Served alongside: Stanley Clinton-Davis	Succeeded by Leon Brittan
Preceded by Ivor Richard		Succeeded by Bruce Millan
Preceded by Karl-Heinz Narjes	European Commissioner for Internal Market and Services 1985–1989	Succeeded by Martin Bangemann

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[1] "EU Archives" (PDF). European Union. Retrieved 28 March 2017.

[2] Cockfield, Arthur (1994). "European Union: Creating The European Single Market". Wiley Chancery Law. Retrieved 28 March 2017.

[3] "No. 47519". The London Gazette. 24 April 1978. p. 4731.

[4] ttp://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/online/content/lp1958%20c.htm

Presidents of the Royal Statistical Society
19th century	1834–1836 The Marquess of Lansdowne 1836–1838 Sir Charles Lemon, Bt 1838–1840 The Earl FitzWilliam 1840–1842 Viscount Sandon 1842–1843 The Marquess of Lansdowne 1843–1845 Lord Ashley 1845–1847 The Lord Monteagle of Brandon 1847–1849 The Earl FitzWilliam 1849–1851 The Earl of Harrowby 1851–1853 The Lord Overstone 1853–1855 The Earl FitzWilliam 1855–1857 The Earl of Harrowby 1857–1859 Lord Stanley 1859–1861 Lord John Russell 1861–1863 Sir John Pakington, Bt 1863–1865 William Henry Sykes 1865–1867 The Lord Houghton 1867–1869 William Ewart Gladstone 1869–1871 William Newmarch 1871–1873 William Farr 1873–1875 William Guy 1875–1877 James Heywood 1877–1879 George Shaw-Lefevre 1879–1880 Thomas Brassey 1880–1882 James Caird 1882–1884 Robert Giffen 1884–1886 Rawson W. Rawson 1886–1888 George Goschen 1888–1890 Thomas Graham Balfour 1890–1892 Frederic J. Mouat 1892–1894 Charles Booth 1894–1896 The Lord Farrer 1896–1897 John Biddulph Martin 1897 Alfred Edmund Bateman 1897–1899 Leonard Courtney 1899–1900 Henry Fowler 1900–1902 The Lord Avebury
20th century	1902–1904 Patrick George Craigie 1904–1905 Sir Francis Powell, Bt 1905–1906 The Earl of Onslow 1906–1907 Richard Martin 1907–1909 Sir Charles Dilke, Bt 1909–1910 Jervoise Athelstane Baines 1910–1912 Lord George Hamilton 1912–1914 Francis Ysidro Edgeworth 1914–1915 The Lord Welby 1915–1916 Lord George Hamilton 1916–1918 Bernard Mallet, Registrar General 1918–1920 Herbert Samuel 1920–1922 R. Henry Rew 1922–1924 The Lord Emmott 1924–1926 Udny Yule 1926–1928 The Viscount D'Abernon 1928–1930 A. William Flux 1930–1932 Sir Josiah Stamp 1932–1934 The Lord Meston 1934–1936 Major Greenwood 1936–1938 The Lord Kennet 1938–1940 Arthur Lyon Bowley 1940–1941 Henry William Macrosty 1941 Hector Leak 1941–1943 William Beveridge 1943–1945 Charles Ernest Snow 1945–1947 The Lord Woolton 1947–1949 David Heron 1949–1950 Sir Geoffrey Heyworth 1950–1952 Austin Bradford Hill 1952–1954 Ronald Fisher 1954–1955 The Lord Piercy 1955–1957 Egon Pearson 1957–1959 Harry Campion 1959–1960 Hugh Beaver 1960–1962 Maurice Kendall 1962–1964 Joseph Oscar Irwin 1964–1965 Sir Paul Chambers 1965–1966 L. H. C. Tippett 1966–1967 M. S. Bartlett 1967–1968 Frank Yates 1968–1969 Arthur Cockfield 1969–1970 R. G. D. Allen 1970–1971 Bernard Benjamin 1971–1972 George Alfred Barnard 1972–1973 Harold Wilson 1973–1974 D. J. Finney 1974–1975 Henry Daniels 1975–1977 Stella Cunliffe 1977–1978 Henry Wynn 1978–1980 Sir Claus Moser 1980–1982 David Cox 1982–1984 Peter Armitage 1984–1985 Walter Bodmer 1985–1986 John Nelder 1986–1987 James Durbin 1987–1989 John Kingman 1989–1991 Peter G. Moore 1991–1993 T. M. F. Smith 1993–1995 D. J. Bartholomew 1995–1997 Adrian Smith 1997–1999 R. N. Curnow 1999–2001 Denise Lievesley
21st century	2001–2003 Peter Green 2003–2005 Andy Grieve 2005–2007 Tim Holt 2008–2009 David Hand 2010–2010 Bernard Silverman (resigned Feb 2010; replaced pro tem by David Hand) 2011–2012 Valerie Isham 2013–2014 John Pullinger 2014–2016 Peter Diggle 2017–2018 David Spiegelhalter 2019– Deborah Ashby
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