Atraphaxis

Atraphaxis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Polygonaceae with about 40 species.

Atraphaxis
Atraphaxis pyrifolia
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Polygonaceae
Subfamily: Polygonoideae
Genus: Atraphaxis
L.[1]
Species

See text

Synonyms[1]
  • Persicaria Neck.
  • Tragopyrum M.Bieb.

Description

Species of Atraphaxis are much branched woody plants, forming shrubs or shrubby tufts. The current year's branchlets are herbaceous and bear the leaves and flowers. The leaves are simple and alternate, with very short stalks (almost sessile). The ochreas are membranous and usually two-veined, more-or-less joined at the base. The inflorescence is made up of several bundles (fascicles) of one to three flowers. The flowers have persistent tepals, either arranged in a narrow tube with unequal lobes or bell-shaped with equal segments. The fruits are wingless achenes.[2]

Taxonomy

The genus Atraphaxis was erected by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. As with many other genera in the family Polygonaceae, the boundaries between the genera have been unclear, and some or all species placed in other genera. Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Atraphaxis forms a distinct clade.[2][3] The genus is placed in the tribe Polygoneae of the subfamily Polygonoideae. Within the tribe, it is most closely related to the genera Duma and Polygonum, forming the so-called "DAP clade".[3]

Polygoneae
 

Knorringia

 
 
 
 

Polygonum ciliinode (syn. Fallopia ciliinodis)

 
DAP clade
 

Duma

 
 
 

Atraphaxis

 
 

Polygonum

 
 
 
 
RMF clade
 

Reynoutria

 
 
 

Muehlenbeckia

 
 

Fallopia s.s.

 
 
 
 
 

Species

As of March 2019, Plants of the World Online accepted 41 species:[1]

  • Atraphaxis angustifolia Jaub. & Spach
  • Atraphaxis ariana (Grigorj.) T.M.Schust. & Reveal
  • Atraphaxis arida (Boiss. & Hausskn.) S.Tavakkoli & Kaz.Osaloo
  • Atraphaxis atraphaxiformis (Botsch.) T.M.Schust. & Reveal
  • Atraphaxis aucheri Jaub. & Spach
  • Atraphaxis avenia Botsch.
  • Atraphaxis badghysi Kult.
  • Atraphaxis billardierei Jaub. & Spach
  • Atraphaxis binaludensis S.Tavakkoli, Mozaff. & Kaz.Osaloo
  • Atraphaxis botuliformis (Mozaff.) S.Tavakkoli & Mozaff.
  • Atraphaxis bracteata Losinsk.
  • Atraphaxis canescens Bunge
  • Atraphaxis caucasica (Hoffm.) Pavlov
  • Atraphaxis compacta Ledeb.
  • Atraphaxis daghestanica (Lovelius) Lovelius
  • Atraphaxis decipiens Jaub. & Spach
  • Atraphaxis dumosa (Boiss.) S.Tavakkoli & Kaz.Osaloo
  • Atraphaxis frutescens (L.) K.Koch
  • Atraphaxis grandiflora Willd.
  • Atraphaxis intricata Mozaff.
  • Atraphaxis irtyschensis Chang Y.Yang & Y.L.Han
  • Atraphaxis kamelinii Yurtseva
  • Atraphaxis karataviensis Pavlov & Lipsch.
  • Atraphaxis kermanica S.Tavakkoli & Kaz.Osaloo
  • Atraphaxis khajeh-jamali (Khosravi & Poormahdi) S.Tavakkoli & Kaz.Osaloo
  • Atraphaxis kopetdagensis Kovalevsk.
  • Atraphaxis laetevirens (Ledeb.) Jaub. & Spach
  • Atraphaxis macrocarpa Rech.f. & Schiman-Czeika
  • Atraphaxis manshurica Kitag.
  • Atraphaxis muschketowii Krasn.
  • Atraphaxis popovii (Borodina) Yurtseva
  • Atraphaxis pungens (M.Bieb.) Jaub. & Spach
  • Atraphaxis pyrifolia Bunge
  • Atraphaxis radkanensis S.Tavakkoli, Kaz.Osaloo & Mozaff.
  • Atraphaxis rodinii Botsch.
  • Atraphaxis salicornioides (Jaub. & Spach) S.Tavakkoli & Kaz.Osaloo
  • Atraphaxis seravschanica Pavlov
  • Atraphaxis spinosa L.
  • Atraphaxis suaedifolia Jaub. & Spach
  • Atraphaxis teretifolia (Popov) Kom.
  • Atraphaxis toktogulica (Lazkov) T.M.Schust. & Reveal

References
  1. "Atraphaxis L.", Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2019-03-04
  2. Tavakkoli, S.; Osaloo, S.K.; Mozaffarian, V. & Maassoumi, A.A. (2015), "Molecular phylogeny of Atraphaxis and the woody Polygonum species (Polygonaceae): Taxonomic implications based on molecular and morphological evidence", Plant Systematics and Evolution, 301: 1157–1170, doi:10.1007/s00606-014-1140-7
  3. Schuster, Tanja M.; Reveal, James L.; Bayly, Michael J. & Kron, Kathleen A. (2015), "An updated molecular phylogeny of Polygonoideae (Polygonaceae): Relationships of Oxygonum, Pteroxygonum, and Rumex, and a new circumscription of Koenigia", Taxon, 64 (6): 1188–1208, doi:10.12705/646.5
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