Austromelanelixia

Austromelanelixia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
Class:	Lecanoromycetes
Order:	Lecanorales
Family:	Parmeliaceae
Genus:	Austromelanelixia; Divakar, A.Crespo & Lumbsch 2017
Type species
	Austromelanelixia piliferella; (Essl.) Divakar, Crespo & Lumbsch (2017)
Species
	A. calva; A. fuscosorediata; A. glabratuloides; A. piliferella; A. subglabra

Austromelanelixia is a genus of five species of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. All species are found in the Southern Hemisphere.

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed in 2017 to accommodate a clade of Southern Hemisphere species formerly placed in genus Melanelixia.[1] Although they were not included in the original circumscription of Melanelixia,[2] they were later added by virtue of their sister-group relationship to other Melanelixia species.[3] Austromelanelixia appears to have been accepted as a valid genus by later lichenologists and has been included in recent updates of fungal classification.[4][5][6]

Description

Austromelanelixia species have a foliose thallus with an upper surface that ranges in colour from olive-green to dark brown. There is often hyaline cortical hairs on lobe apices or isidial tip, and it is spotted or stained (maculate) particularly on the margins of the lobes. Pseudocyphellae are not present. The upper cortex is covered by a pored (fenestrate) epicortex. Ascospores are ellipsoid, colourless, simple, with dimensions of 10–18 by 7–10 μm. The conidia are bifusiform, hyaline, and measure 5–7 by l μm. The medulla contains gyrophoric acid.[1]

Habitat and distribution

All Austromelanelixia species are found in the Southern Hemisphere. They grow on bark (rarely on rock) in eastern and southeastern Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand. Austromelanelixia subglabra is also found in southern South America.[1]

Species

Austromelanelixia calva (Essl.) Divakar, A.Crespo & Lumbsch (2017)
Austromelanelixia fuscosorediata (Essl.) Divakar, A.Crespo & Lumbsch (2017)
Austromelanelixia glabratuloides (Essl.) Divakar, A.Crespo & Lumbsch (2017)
Austromelanelixia piliferella (Essl.) Divakar, A.Crespo & Lumbsch (2017)
Austromelanelixia subglabra (Räsänen) Divakar, A.Crespo & Lumbsch (2017)

References

Divakar, Pradeep K.; Crespo, Ana; Kraichak, Ekaphan; Leavitt, Steven D.; Singh, Garima; Schmitt, Imke; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2017). "Using a temporal phylogenetic method to harmonize family- and genus-level classification in the largest clade of lichen-forming fungi". Fungal Diversity. 84: 101–117. doi:10.1007/s13225-017-0379-z. S2CID 40674310.
Blanco, Oscar; Crespo, Ana; Divakar, Pradeep K.; Esslinger, Theodore L.; Hawksworth, David L.; Thorsten Lumbsch, H. (2004). "Melanelixia and Melanohalea, two new genera segregated from Melanelia (Parmeliaceae) based on molecular and morphological data". Mycological Research. 108 (8): 873–884. doi:10.1017/S0953756204000723. PMID 15449592.
Crespo, Ana; Kauff, Frank; Divakar, Pradeep K.; del Prado, Ruth; Pérez-Ortega, Sergio; de Paz, Guillermo Amo; Ferencova, Zuzana; Blanco, Oscar; Roca-Valiente, Beatriz; Núñez-Zapata, Jano; Cubas, Paloma; Argüello, Arturo; Elix, John A.; Esslinger, Theodore L.; Hawksworth, David L.; Millanes, Ana; Molina, M. Carmen; Wedin, Mats; Ahti, Teuvo; Aptroot, Andre; Barreno, Eva; Bungartz, Frank; Calvelo, Susana; Candan, Mehmet; Cole, Mariette; Ertz, Damien; Goffinet, Bernard; Lindblom, Louise; Lücking, Robert; Lutzoni, Francois; Mattsson, Jan-Eric; Messuti, María Inés; Miadlikowska, Jolanta; Piercey-Normore, Michele; Rico, Víctor J.; Sipman, Harrie J.M.; Schmitt, Imke; Spribille, Toby; Thell, Arne; Thor, Göran; Upreti, Dalip K.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2010). "Phylogenetic generic classification of parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) based on molecular, morphological and chemical evidence". Taxon. 59 (6): 1735–1753. doi:10.1002/tax.596008.
Lücking, Robert (2019). "Stop the Abuse of Time! Strict Temporal Banding is not the Future of Rank-Based Classifications in Fungi (Including Lichens) and Other Organisms". Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 38 (3): 199–253. doi:10.1080/07352689.2019.1650517. S2CID 202859785.
Wijayawardene, Nalin N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Liu, Jian Kui; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Ekanayaka, Anusha H.; Tian, Qing; Phookamsak, Rungtiwa (2018). "Outline of Ascomycota: 2017". Fungal Diversity. 88 (1): 167–263. doi:10.1007/s13225-018-0394-8. S2CID 7485476.
Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; LKT, Al-Ani; S, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; Tsurykau, Andrei; Mesic, Armin; Navathe, Sudhir; Papp, Viktor; Oliveira Fiuza, Patrícia; Vázquez, Víctor; Gautam, Ajay; Becerra, Alejandra G.; Ekanayaka, Anusha; K. C., Rajeshkumar; Bezerra, Jadson; Matočec, Neven; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa; Suetrong, Satinee (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8.

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[Divakar_et_al._2017-1] Divakar, Pradeep K.; Crespo, Ana; Kraichak, Ekaphan; Leavitt, Steven D.; Singh, Garima; Schmitt, Imke; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2017). "Using a temporal phylogenetic method to harmonize family- and genus-level classification in the largest clade of lichen-forming fungi". Fungal Diversity. 84: 101–117. doi:10.1007/s13225-017-0379-z. S2CID 40674310.

[Blanco_et_al._2004-2] Blanco, Oscar; Crespo, Ana; Divakar, Pradeep K.; Esslinger, Theodore L.; Hawksworth, David L.; Thorsten Lumbsch, H. (2004). "Melanelixia and Melanohalea, two new genera segregated from Melanelia (Parmeliaceae) based on molecular and morphological data". Mycological Research. 108 (8): 873–884. doi:10.1017/S0953756204000723. PMID 15449592.

[Crespo_et_al._2010-3] Crespo, Ana; Kauff, Frank; Divakar, Pradeep K.; del Prado, Ruth; Pérez-Ortega, Sergio; de Paz, Guillermo Amo; Ferencova, Zuzana; Blanco, Oscar; Roca-Valiente, Beatriz; Núñez-Zapata, Jano; Cubas, Paloma; Argüello, Arturo; Elix, John A.; Esslinger, Theodore L.; Hawksworth, David L.; Millanes, Ana; Molina, M. Carmen; Wedin, Mats; Ahti, Teuvo; Aptroot, Andre; Barreno, Eva; Bungartz, Frank; Calvelo, Susana; Candan, Mehmet; Cole, Mariette; Ertz, Damien; Goffinet, Bernard; Lindblom, Louise; Lücking, Robert; Lutzoni, Francois; Mattsson, Jan-Eric; Messuti, María Inés; Miadlikowska, Jolanta; Piercey-Normore, Michele; Rico, Víctor J.; Sipman, Harrie J.M.; Schmitt, Imke; Spribille, Toby; Thell, Arne; Thor, Göran; Upreti, Dalip K.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2010). "Phylogenetic generic classification of parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) based on molecular, morphological and chemical evidence". Taxon. 59 (6): 1735–1753. doi:10.1002/tax.596008.

[Lücking_2019-4] Lücking, Robert (2019). "Stop the Abuse of Time! Strict Temporal Banding is not the Future of Rank-Based Classifications in Fungi (Including Lichens) and Other Organisms". Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 38 (3): 199–253. doi:10.1080/07352689.2019.1650517. S2CID 202859785.

[Wijayawardene_et_al._2017-5] Wijayawardene, Nalin N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Liu, Jian Kui; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Ekanayaka, Anusha H.; Tian, Qing; Phookamsak, Rungtiwa (2018). "Outline of Ascomycota: 2017". Fungal Diversity. 88 (1): 167–263. doi:10.1007/s13225-018-0394-8. S2CID 7485476.

[Wijayawardene_et_al._2020-6] Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; LKT, Al-Ani; S, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; Tsurykau, Andrei; Mesic, Armin; Navathe, Sudhir; Papp, Viktor; Oliveira Fiuza, Patrícia; Vázquez, Víctor; Gautam, Ajay; Becerra, Alejandra G.; Ekanayaka, Anusha; K. C., Rajeshkumar; Bezerra, Jadson; Matočec, Neven; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa; Suetrong, Satinee (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8.