Azerbaijani Air Forces

Azerbaijani Air and Air Defence Force often referred to as the Azerbaijani Air Force (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan hərbi hava qüvvələri) is the air force and air defence force of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces.

Azerbaijan Air Force and Air Defence Force
Azərbaycan Hərbi Hava Qüvvələri və Hava Hücumundan Müdafiə
Emblem of the Azerbaijani Air Forces
Founded1992 (1992)
Country Azerbaijan
TypeAir force
RoleAerial warfare
Aerial defence
Size12,000 personnel
Approx 250 aircraft (IISS 2014)
Part ofAzerbaijani Armed Forces
HeadquartersNasosnaya Air Base
Anniversaries14 February (Air Force Day)[1]
Engagements
Commanders
Current
commander		Lieutenant General Ramiz Tahirov[2]
Insignia
Roundel
Flag
Aircraft flown
AttackBayraktar TB2, Su-25,M-346
BomberSu-24
FighterMiG-29, JF-17
HelicopterMil Mi-8, Mil Mi-17
Attack helicopterMil Mi-24, Mi-35M, Mi-24 Super Hind
InterceptorMiG-25 [3]
ReconnaissanceOrbiter UAV, Aerostar, Elbit Hermes 450, Elbit Hermes 900, IAI Searcher, IAI Heron
TrainerAero L-39,M-346
TransportIl-76

History

The roots of the current organisation go back to June 26, 1918, when the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic bought its first military aircraft. After independence in 1991, the presence of former Soviet air bases in Azerbaijan helped the Air and Air Defence Force develop.[4]

On February 11, 2009, the commanding officer of the Air Force, General Lieutenant Rail Rzayev was assassinated outside his home.[5] Rzayev had been reportedly negotiating closer ties with the United States regarding air force modernisation before his death, possibly including the acquisition of US fighter aircraft.[6] The post was vacant until another officer, Mehtiev, was appointed in December 2009.[7]

Organization

Brinkster.net reported in October 2004 that the Azeri Air and Air Defence Force comprised a fighter squadron at Nasosnaya Air Base with MiG-25PDs and training variants, a bomber aviation regiment at Kyurdamir with Su-17/24/25, MiG-21s, and L-29/39s, a transport aviation squadron at Ganja Airport with Il-76s(?), Аn-12/24, and Тu-134s, a helicopter squadron at Baku Kala Air Base with Mi-2/8/24s, two aircraft repair factories, and two air defence missile units. Other air bases include Dollyar Air Base (which Jane's Sentinel says is reported to be non-operational)[2] Nakhchivan Airport in the Nakhchivan exclave, Sanqacal Air Base, and Sitalcay Air Base.

Air Defence Force

The Air Defence Force is a component of the Air and Air Defence Force of Azerbaijan.[2] There are some installations of the Cold War era left by the Soviets in 1990.

Infrastructure

The United States is the most active participant in the modernisation of Air Force airfields.[8] Airfields in Gala and the Nasosnaya Air Base near Haji Zeynalabidin settlement have been modernised with US support as part of the Azerbaijan-NATO Individual Partnership Action Plan. Special equipment were installed there to provide flight security. The starting command points, engineering control systems and engineering air force service were provided with new buildings. Negotiations over the modernisation of Kurdamir airfield are currently under way. An advanced Flight Control System has been installed at Dollyar Air Base with support from the United States.

Since September 2008, Turkey has helped to modernise the Air Force central command headquarters. According to a Turkish-Azeri agreement, a NATO standard central command management center will be installed there. A great number of projects such as joint manufacture of unmanned aircraft will be implemented with Turkey in the near future.[9][10]

The Gabala OTH Radar in Azerbaijan was operated by the Russian Space Forces. The radar station had a range of up to 6,000 kilometres (3,728 mi), and was designed to detect missile launches as far as from the Indian Ocean. It is not known whether Russia shared any of the radar's data with Azerbaijan. The equipment was dismantled and sent back to Russia after 2012.

In 2006, the US provided Azerbaijani military with additional radar installations. Plans were announced for the US to modernize one radar station near the Iranian border at Lerik and another near the border with Georgia at Agstafa. Joint work also commenced on two radar stations on the Russia-Azerbaijani border and Iran-Azerbaijani border to monitor Caspian Sea traffic.[11]

Personnel

Education

The Azerbaijan Higher Military Aviation School is the educational institution of the Azerbaijani Air Force and a branch of the education system of the Ministry of Defense of Azerbaijan.[12] In 1997, the school graduated its first class of military pilots.[13][14] By presidential decree of 24 December 2015, the school was abolished and transferred to the Azerbaijan Higher Military Academy with the establishment of the corresponding faculties there.[15]

Azeri pilots are trained at the Azerbaijan Air Force School and then develop their skills further within their units. Azerbaijan has an experience exchange with Turkey, the United States, Ukraine, and a number of other NATO countries. Turkish Air Force School plays a great role in the training of military pilots.[16] The Azerbaijani pilots are also trained in Ukraine's Pilot Training School.[8]

Equipment

Aircraft

The MiG-29 has been designated as the standard aircraft for the AzAF.[17] In September–October 2010, Azerbaijan purchased 24 Mi-35M from Rostvertol.[18][19][20] 8 of them have been delivered in the end of the first quarter of 2012 and four more in August 2012.[21] With the arrival of the MiG-29s, the Air Force appears to have retired the MiG-25 aircraft that it used to fly from Nasosnaya Air Base.[22] IISS estimates in 2007 reported 26 as still in service; other figures previously placed the total as high as 38.[23][24]

The Air Force retains in store L-29 and L-39 fighter training aircraft produced in the Czech Republic and Ukraine.[8]

Azerbaijan also manufactures Israeli-designed spy planes. Among the licensed UAVs is the Orbiter-2M and the Aerostar. Both are manufactured at the government-owned Azad Systems Company plant near Baku.[25][26][27] The head of the Defense Industry, Yaver Jamalov, said that by the end of 2011 a total of 60 UAVs will be produced.[28][29]

Current inventory
Azerbaijani Air Force Su-25’s perform a fly-by on Army Day 2011
Air Force Mil Mi-24's fly over during an army parade
Aircraft Origin Type Variant In service Notes
Combat aircraft
MiG-29 Russia Multirole 10[30] 3 used for training
MiG-21 Russia Fighter 5[30]
Su-24 Russia Bomber 11
Su-25 Russia Attack 12[30]
Transport
Ilyushin Il-76 Russia Transport 1[30]
Helicopters
Bell 412 United States Utility 2[30]
Mil Mi-17 Russia Utility / Transport 65[30]
Mil Mi-24 Russia Attack Mi-35 17[30]
Kamov Ka-27 Russia Utility Ka-32 4[30]
Trainer aircraft
Aero L-39 Czech Republic Jet trainer 12[30]
PZL Mi-2 Poland rotorcraft Trainer 7[30]
PAC Super Mushshak Pakistan Trainer 10[30]
UAV
Antonov An-2 Soviet Union/Poland/Azerbaijan Converted unmanned aircraft 60 Unknown number of converted Antonov An-2 used as unmanned drone for different roles in 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war[31][32]
Bayraktar TB2 Turkey Attack Played key role in 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war[33][34][35][36]
IAI_Harop Israel Kamikaze Drone
Hermes 450 Israel Surveillance 12[37] two are Hermes 900[37]
IAI Heron Israel Surveillance 5[37]
IAI Searcher Israel Surveillance 5[37]
Orbiter Israel Surveillance 10[38][37] produced in Azerbaijan
Aerostar Israel Surveillance 14[37] produced in Azerbaijan[38]

Future developments

Jane's said in 2009 that 'efforts to acquire more modern hardware are understood to have been underway for several years, but funding constraints proved to be a stumbling block. Until quite recently, only limited success was achieved, with the most significant addition to the inventory being a handful of Su-25s that were obtained from Georgia in 2002. In 2007, however, Azerbaijan took delivery of the first of a substantial number of MiG-29 'Fulcrum' fighters. These are understood to have originated from disparate sources, including Belarus, Russia and Ukraine, with at least some having been overhauled at Odessa in Ukraine prior to delivery.[39]

Air defense equipment

Azerbaijan has also a number of missile systems covering Azeri airspace. The S-75 Dvina has been installed around Baku and additional installations are near the border with Iran and Dagestan. Some are installed to defend against Armenian aircraft. In terms of numbers, the IISS reported in 2002 that Azerbaijan had 100 S-75 Dvina, S-125 Neva/Pechora, and S-200 systems.[40] Among them are the medium range 2K11 Krug, for short range the 9K33 Osa and the 9K35 Strela-10 mobile SAM and the ZSU-23-4 Shilka vehicles to cover the armored forces against airstrikes. Azerbaijan has also lighter AA guns and MANPADS of varying quality.

In 2009 Azerbaijan's Defence Ministry signed a contract with Russia's Rosoboronexport company to buy two battalions of S-300PMU-2 Favorit.[41][42]

In January 2012, Azerbaijan and Israel signed a $1.6 billion deal that includes anti-aircraft and missile defense systems.[43]

Air defense
Name Origin Type In service Notes
SAM
Iron Dome[44] Israel SAM system unknown
Barak 8[44] Israel SAM system unknown
S-300PMU2[45] Russia SAM system 2 units with 200 missiles[46]
9K37 Buk-1M Russia mobile SAM system 2 units[46]
Pechora-2TM Russia SAM system 2 units[46]
Igla-S/SA-24 Russia MANPADS 1000[46]

Accidents and incidents
  • January 29, 2008: Azerbaijani air force MiG-29UB crashed into the Caspian Sea during a training flight. Both crew members on board the MiG-29UB were killed.
  • March 3, 2010: An Azerbaijani Air Force Su-25 crashed in the Tovuz region of Azerbaijan,[47] killing the pilot, Famil Mammadli.
  • February 3, 2011: An Azerbaijani Air and Air Defence Force Su-25UB crashed in the Kurdamir region of Azerbaijan. Both crew members were not injured.[48]
  • July 24, 2019: during a night training flight, a MiG-29 fighter of the Azerbaijani Air Force crashed into the Caspian Sea after a bird strike.[49] The pilot was killed in the crash.[50]

See also

References
  1. https://www.azernews.az/nation/161762.html
  2. Jane's Sentinel Security Assessments – Russia and the CIS: Air Force, dated June 18, 2009
  3. "Azerbaijan to modernize MiG-25 foxbats included in Air Forces's inventory". en.apa.az. Azeri-Press Agency (APA) LLC. February 4, 2014. Archived from the original on February 21, 2014. Retrieved February 5, 2014.
  4. "Military Balance 2013." Archived October 1, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, March 14, 2013.
  5. The New York Times, Head of Azerbaijan's Air Force Shot Dead, February 11, 2009
  6. Eurasia Critic, Only Bridge Between West and Caspian Falling Apart
  7. "Azerbaijan: Commander of Air and Defense Force appointed – aysor.am – Hot news from Armenia". Aisor.am. December 14, 2009. Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved June 21, 2012.
  8. Azerbaijani Press Agency, Azerbaijan's military aviation opportunities Archived August 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, February 14, 2009
  9. "Turkish company Global Teknik offers joint production of unmanned aircraft to Azerbaijan". Defpro.com. June 4, 2010. Archived from the original on June 10, 2012. Retrieved June 21, 2012.
  10. "Turkey to propose joint production of drones with Azerbaijan". News.az. November 3, 2010. Archived from the original on August 23, 2011. Retrieved June 21, 2012.
  11. Azerbaijan & U.S. joint installations Archived March 1, 2010, at the Wayback Machine and U.S. radars in Azerbaijan Archived June 28, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  12. "Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Azerbaijan". mod.gov.az. Retrieved June 21, 2020.
  13. https://mod.gov.az/en/air-forces-260/
  14. https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/azerbaijan/af.htm
  15. http://armiya.az/ru/news/153001
  16. https://jamestown.org/program/interaction-turkish-air-forces-boosts-azerbaijans-air-combat-capability/
  17. "Azerbaijan shows 4th generation MiG-29 multirole fighter jets". Today.az. March 29, 2007. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved June 21, 2012.
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  19. ""Роствертол" увеличил в прошлом году чистую прибыль в 3 раза". "1News". February 23, 2011. Archived from the original on October 3, 2011. Retrieved February 23, 2011.
  20. "Azerbaijan purchased from Russia 24 Mi-35M". "Arms-Tass". February 24, 2011. Archived from the original on February 26, 2011. Retrieved February 24, 2011.
  21. "В Азербайджан доставлена очередная партия вертолетов Ми-35М". "1News". August 17, 2012. Archived from the original on August 14, 2012. Retrieved August 17, 2012.
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  27. Reed Business Information Limited (May 22, 2013). "Aeronautics strengthening Israel-Azerbaijan links". Archived from the original on December 25, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  28. "Azərbaycan ilin sonuna qədər 60 ədəd pilotsuz təyyarə istehsal edəcək". "ANS Press". May 11, 2011. Archived from the original on September 20, 2011. Retrieved May 11, 2011.
  29. "До конца года Азербайджан произведет 60 беспилотников". Archived from the original on May 14, 2011. Retrieved May 12, 2011.
  30. "World Air Forces 2021". FlightGlobal. December 4, 2020. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  31. "Azerbaijani Military Retools Old Crop Duster Planes as Attack Drones". Hetq Online. December 31, 2020.
  32. https://www.defence24.pl/rakiety-przeciwlotnicze-kontra-antonowy-pulapki
  33. "Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan". The Drive. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  34. "What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War". Forbes. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
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  39. IISS Military Balance 2002, via Brinkster.net
  40. "Russian press: Azerbaijan signed a contract to buy S-300 surface-to-air missile systems from Russia – UPDATED". En.apa.az. Archived from the original on March 11, 2012. Retrieved June 21, 2012.
  41. "Russian press: Azerbaijan signed a contract to buy S-300 surface-to-air missile systems from Russia". Milaz.info. Archived from the original on August 1, 2010. Retrieved June 21, 2012.
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  43. "Azərbaycanın "Barak-8" zenit-raket kompleksi – "Dəmir Qübbə"nin əsası" [Azerbaijan's Barak-8 anti-aircraft missile system is the basis of the Iron Dome]. azeridefence.com (in Azerbaijani). December 22, 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2020.
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  45. "Trade Registers". Archived from the original on May 13, 2011. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
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  47. https://www.rferl.org/a/azerbaijan_military_plane_crash/2297555.html
  48. https://www.defenseworld.net/news/25189/Azerbaijani_MiG_29_Fighter_Crashes_Into_Caspian_Sea__Pilot_Missing#.X3mKZmgzY2w
  49. https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3107863.html
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