National Assembly (Azerbaijan)

The National Assembly (Azerbaijani: Milli Məclis), also transliterated as Milli Majlis, is the legislative branch of government in Azerbaijan. The unicameral National Assembly has 125 deputies: previously 100 members were elected for five-year terms in single-seat constituencies and 25 were members elected by proportional representation; as of the latest election, however, all 125 deputies are returned from single-member constituencies. Milli Majlis was the first secular republican parliament in the Muslim world.[1]

National Assembly (Milli Mejlis) Republic of Azerbaijan

Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Milli Məclisi
Type
Type
History
Founded12 November 1995
Preceded bySupreme Soviet (Ali Sovet) of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Leadership
Sahiba Gafarova (New Azerbaijan Party)
since 10 March 2020
Structure
SeatsTotal 125 deputies
Political groups
Government (70) 
NAP (70)

Independents (38)

Independents (38)

Opposition (12)

CSP (3) 
 ADMP (1)
 CUP (1)
 GOP(1) 
 Motherland (1) 
 NFP(1) 
 PDR (1)
 REAL (1) 
 Unity (1)
 WAPFP (1)

Vacant (5)

  Vacant (5)
Elections
First-past-the-post voting
Last election
9 February 2020
Next election
February 2025
Meeting place
Website
meclis.gov.az
Azerbaijan
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History

Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918–1920)
Main article: Parliament of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
First meeting of the Azerbaijani Parliament
Parliament in 1918
  Musavat: 40 seats
  Ittihad: 14 seats
  Ahrar: 8 seats
  Socialist: 14 seats
  Unaffiliated: 4 seats
  Independent: 4 seats
  Left independent: 1 seat
  Slavic alliance: 5 seats
  Ethnic Minorities: 7 seats
  Armenian fraction: 5 seats
  Dashnaksutyun: 7 seats

Following the Russian Revolution in February 1917, a special committee consisting of deputies from Transcaucasian State Duma was created. In November, Transcaucasian Commissariat was created as the first government of independent Transcaucasia. The Sejm made up from representatives of three nations did not have a solid political platform as each nation looked after its own interests. This subsequently led to dissolution of the Sejm on 25 May 1918.

On 27 May, 44 Muslim deputies of the Sejm gathered in Tbilisi and established Azerbaijan National Council to form the government of Azerbaijan. Mammad Emin Rasulzade was elected its chairman. On 28 May, the National Council passed a resolution proclaiming independence of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. On 16 June, the National Council and the Azerbaijani government moved to Ganja. At the seventh session of the council in Ganja chaired by Mammad Emin Rasulzade, it was decided to dissolve the council and transfer all legislative and executive power to the interim government of Azerbaijan headed by Fatali Khan Khoyski. Once the government was established, Azerbaijani was made the official state language. One of the priorities of the government before moving to Baku was to liberate Baku from Centrocaspian Dictatorship then in control of the city which took place on 15 September 1918. On 16 November when the National Council reconvenes and on 19 November, Rasulzade announces that all nationalities of Azerbaijan will be represented in the Azerbaijani Parliament to consist of 120 deputies.

Therefore, basing on 24 thousand representatives of nationalities of Azerbaijan, Azerbaijani parliament made up from 80 Muslims, 21 Armenians, 10 Russians, 1 German and 1 Jew was established on 29 November and convened on 7 December 1918. Thus, the first session of the parliament took place in the building of former Zeynalabdin Tagiyev Russian Muslim School located on present day Istiglaliyyat Street of Baku and was chaired by Rasulzade. Alimardan Topchubashov was elected the Speaker of the Parliament, Hasanbey Agayev – Deputy Speaker. By the end of 1919, there were 11 various political party factions in the parliament represented by 96 deputies. During its 17-month existence, the parliament held 145 sessions with the last session being convened on 27 April 1920 on the eve of Russian occupation of Azerbaijan. A total of 270 resolutions were sponsored, 230 of which were passed. Parliamentary delegations of Azerbaijan signed several friendship treaties with Turkey, Iran, Great Britain, and US and a defense pact with Georgia; attended Paris Peace Conference several times requesting recognition from Western countries. In January 1920, Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was de facto recognized by the Peace Conference.[1]

Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan SSR
Main article: Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR

During the last session of Azerbaijani Parliament on 27 April 1920 under pressure of the Bolshevik Russian 11th Red Army and ultimatum from Caucasian Committee of the Russian Communist Party which invaded Azerbaijan, the deputies decided to disband the government in favour of the Bolsheviks to avoid bloodshed. Once the Bolsheviks took over, they abolished all structures of the Azerbaijani government and established the Azerbaijan Interim Revolutionary Committee administered by Azerbaijani communists Nariman Narimanov, Aliheydar Garayev, Gazanfar Musabekov, Hamid Sultanov and Dadash Bunyadzade. The Bolsheviks dissolved the Azerbaijani Army, executed its generals and officers, and nationalized private industries.

In May 1921, the first All-Azerbaijan Soviet Session made up of newly elected deputies from all regions of Azerbaijan convened in Baku. The elected deputies were mainly drawn from poor, uneducated, unprepared factory workers and villagers which facilitated complete rule from Moscow. The first session established the Azerbaijan Central Executive Committee consisting of 75 members and its board with 13 members. From 1921 through 1937, nine sessions of All-Azerbaijan Soviets were convened. In 1937, during the 9th session of the All-Azerbaijani Soviets a new Azerbaijan SSR Constitution was ratified and the new legislative body the Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan SSR was established.

The first elections to Supreme Soviet took place on 24 June 1938. Out of 310 deputies elected, 107 were workers, 88 collective farmers and 115 educated civil servants. Seventy two of the deputies were women. Due to the authoritarian nature of Soviet rule where most new initiatives were met as conspiracies against the state, the parliament was virtually ineffective. Due to multiple reforms and restructuring in the government of the Azerbaijan SSR in the 1970s–1980s, the role of the Supreme Soviet increased. Many legislative reforms including the ratification of the new Azerbaijan SSR Constitution of 1977 took place. After the demands of the Armenian SSR to transfer the NKAO region of Azerbaijan to Armenia, the parliament was largely passive and indifferent. On 18 October 1991 the Supreme Soviet passed a resolution confirming the restoration of the independence of Azerbaijan.[2]

Parliament of the Republic of Azerbaijan
The building of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan

The first Azerbaijani parliamentary election was held in late 1990, when the Supreme Soviet already held discussions on independence of Azerbaijan from the Soviet Union. The 1995 parliamentary election was the first to be held after restoration of Azerbaijan's independence.

The assembly is headed by its Speaker assisted by the First Deputy Speaker and two deputy speakers. Ogtay Asadov is the current speaker of the assembly, Ziyafet Asgarov is the First Deputy Speaker and, Bahar Muradova and Valeh Alasgarov are deputy speakers.[3] The work at the parliament is administered by the Parliament Apparatus headed by Sefa Mirzayev, aided by Assistant Manager Elkhan Ahmadov. The Parliament Apparatus is subdivided into Department of State Roster for Territorial Units and Municipalities, and Codification Sector Department.[4]

First session of the National Assembly in 1918

In the 2010 parliamentary elections, the ruling New Azerbaijan Party strengthened its grasp on the legislature, securing a majority of 73 out of 125 seats.[5] The other seats went to nominally independent, government-leaning candidates, and to "soft opposition" parties. The two major opposition parties (Musavat and the Parties of the People's Front of Azerbaijan) lost their previous eight seats, thus resulting in an opposition-free Parliament.[6] The Central Election Commission said turnout was 50.1%, out of a total 4.9 million people eligible to vote. Opposition leaders suggested the low turnout was due to candidate disqualifications by the CEC, and consequent discouragements to vote after their choice of candidate was excluded.[7]

The United States declared that the elections "did not meet international standards",[6] while the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, EU and Council of Europe highlighted some positive aspects, while stating that "the conduct of the elections did not represent significant progress in the process of the country’s democratic development".[6]

2015 Parliamentary elections resulted in 72 seats won by ruling party. Currently Parliament consists

of 15 parliamentary committees:

  • Legal Policies and State Structuring Committee, chaired by first deputy speaker of the parliament, MP Ali Huseynli
  • Defense and Security Committee, chaired by MP Ziyafet Asgarov
  • Economic Policies Committee, chaired by MP Tahir Mirkishili
  • Committee on Natural Resources, Energy and Ecology, chaired by MP Sadig Gurbanov
  • Committee on Agrarian Policies, chaired by MP Tahir Rzayev
  • Social Policies Committee, chaired by MP Musa Guliyev
  • Committee on Regional Issues, chaired by MP Siyavush Novruzov
  • Committee on Science and Education, chaired by MP Bakhtiyar Aliyev
  • Committee on Cultural Issues, chaired by MP Ganira Pashayeva
  • Committee on Public Unions and Religious entities, chaired by deputy speaker of the Parliament, MP Fazail Ibrahimli
  • Committee on Youth and Sport, chaired by deputy speaker of the Parliament, MP Adil Aliyev
  • Committee on Health Issues, chaired by MP Ahliman Emiraslanov
  • Committee on Family, Women and Children affairs, chaired by MP Hijran Huseynova
  • International and Interparliamentary Relations Committee, chaired by MP Samad Seyidov
  • Human Rights Committee, chaired by MP Zahid Oruj[8][9]

In addition to the parliamentary committees, Milli Majlis has a Chamber of Accounting, Toponyms and Disciplinary Commissions. The Disciplinary Commission is chaired by MP Eldar Ibrahimov.[10] The parliament publishes its own newspaper, Azərbaycan qəzeti (Azerbaijan newspaper), widely distributed around the country.[11]

Parliament also established more than 80 "Interparliamentary working groups" with the parliaments of more than 80 states in the world.[12]

Chairmen of the National Assembly (Supreme Soviet to 1991, National Council 1991–1992) of Azerbaijan
Speaker of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan Murtuz Alasgarov meeting Russian President Vladimir Putin in 2001.

See also

References
  1. "Milli Məclisin tarixi. Azərbaycan Xalq Cümhuriyyəti Parlamenti (1918-1920-ci illər)" [The history of Milli Majlis. Parliament of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918–1920)]. Retrieved 1 December 2010.
  2. "Milli Məclisin tarixi. Azərbaycan SSR Ali Soveti (1920-1991-ci illər)" [The history of Milli Majlis. Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan SSR (1920–1991)]. Retrieved 1 December 2010.
  3. "Milli Məclisin tərkibi. Rəhbərlik" [National Assembly. Administration]. Retrieved 1 December 2010.
  4. "Aparat rəhbərinin xidməti" [Service of the Apparatus Service]. Retrieved 1 December 2010.
  5. "Aliyev wins Azerbaijan elections". PressTV. 8 November 2010. Retrieved 1 December 2010.
  6. "Centre for Eastern Studies. The triumph of the system". Archived from the original on 27 November 2010. Retrieved 1 December 2010.
  7. "Azerbaijan opposition slams vote 'fraud'". PressTV. 9 November 2010. Retrieved 1 December 2010.
  8. "Committees of Milli Majlis". Website of the Parliament of Azerbaijan. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  9. "Milli Məclisin tərkibi". Website of the Parliament of Azerbaijan. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  10. "Disciplinary Commission". Website of the Parliament of Azerbaijan. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  11. "Milli Məclisin orqanları" [Components of Milli Majlis]. Retrieved 1 December 2010.
  12. "Milli Məclis". www.meclis.gov.az. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
  13. Gafarova became Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet on 22 June 1989

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