BRAC Onnesha

BRAC Onnesha was the first nanosatellite built in Bangladesh to be launched into space. The satellite was designed and built in conjunction with Kyushu Institute of Technology Birds-1 program, which has the goal of helping countries build their first satellite. It was designed and built over a two-year period.

BRAC Onnesha
NamesBird BB
Mission typeTechnology demonstration
Earth observation
OperatorBRAC University
COSPAR ID1998-067MX
SATCAT no.42823
Mission duration24 months (planned)
21 months, 28 days (elapsed)
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft type1U CubeSat
ManufacturerBRAC University
Launch mass1 kg
Dimensions10 x 10 x 10 cm
Start of mission
Launch date3 June 2017, 21:07:38 UTC[1]
RocketFalcon 9 FT, CRS-11
Launch siteKennedy, LC-39A
ContractorSpaceX
Deployed fromNanoracks CubeSat Deployer
Deployment date7 July 2017, 08:51 UTC
End of mission
DisposalDeorbited
Decay date6 May 2019
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric orbit [2]
RegimeLow Earth orbit
Perigee altitude395.5 km
Apogee altitude406.2 km
Inclination51.64°
Period92.57 minutes
Joint Global Multi-Nation Birds Satellite
 

The satellite had imaging capabilities and could transmit songs to Earth that were uploaded to its memory. It was launched on a Falcon 9 rocket to the International Space Station on 3 June 2017, after which it was released from the Kibō module. The satellite completed an orbit once every 92 minutes. The satellite deorbited on 6 May 2019.

Background

Japan supports non-spacefaring countries to build their first satellite through a program called the Joint Global Multi-Nation Birds Satellite (BIRDS) project. Besides Japan, four countries participated in the Birds-1 program: Ghana, Mongolia, Nigeria, and Bangladesh.[3] The five satellites were identical in their design.[4]

Development

The idea to develop a satellite was conceived in 2013. On 15 June 2016, Syed Saad Andaleeb, Vice Chancellor at BRAC University, signed a contract with the Kyushu Institute of Technology (Kyutech), Japan, on behalf of BRAC University. This led to the collaborative building of the first experimental university-made nano-satellite of Bangladesh, designed, developed and assembled by three Bangladeshi students at the Kyushu Institute of Technology. On 8 February 2017, Andaleeb received BRAC Onnesha from Kyutech's President Yuji Oie and Mengu Cho, Kyutech's Director of the Laboratory of Spacecraft Environment Interaction Engineering.[5]

BRAC University took up an initiative to start space and remote sensing research in collaboration with Kyutech and the Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization (SPARRSO).[6] BRAC University has built a ground station at its Mohakhali campus to analyse data and photographs sent from space for further research purposes.[7]

Professor Mengu Cho of Kyutech said, "BRAC ONNESHA was easy to build and affordable and their prime objective was to educate the students so that they could go back to build one completely by themselves, presumably in October 2017".[8]

The two-year period spanning the development, construction, launch and operation of the satellites engaged three university students from each of the five participating countries. All five satellites had to be identical to each other in the class of a 1U CubeSat.[9] The satellite cost about US$500,000 to manufacture and launch.[10] They were expected to last 1.1 years.[11]

Mission

Launch
SpaceX launch of CRS-11 with BRAC Onnesha onboard.

SpaceX launched the satellite on its CRS-11 mission to the International Space Station (ISS) on 3 June 2017. The satellite was carried in a Dragon spacecraft on a Falcon 9 rocket, launched from NASA's Kennedy Space Center, LC-39A. This was the 100th launch from LC-39A and the first time SpaceX reused one of its Dragon capsules.[1] Once on the ISS, the satellite was deployed from the Japanese Kibō module.[12]

The satellite orbited the Earth at an altitude of approximately 400 kilometres (250 mi) and at an inclination of 51.6°, completing an orbit every 92.57 minutes at a velocity of 7.67 kilometres per second (4.77 mi/s).[13][10]

Operations

The satellite communicated with seven ground stations: one in each of the countries participating in the Birds-1 program, and one each in Thailand and Taiwan.[3] Bangladesh's ground station, inaugurated 25 May 2017, is on the top of a building at BRAC University.[8]

BRAC Onnesha was a nanosatellite shaped as a 10 centimetres (3.9 in) cube capable of completing one orbit 400 kilometres (250 mi) above the ground in 90 minutes and passing over Bangladesh four to six times a day. The primary objective of the satellite was to image vegetation, urbanisation, flood, water resources, and forestry.[14] All Birds-1 satellites deorbited in May 2019. BRAC Onnesha was the second to deorbit, decaying on 6 May 2019.[11][15]

References
  1. Clark, Stephen (3 June 2017). "Reused Dragon cargo capsule launched on journey to space station". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 4 June 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  2. "Bird BB - Orbit". Heavens Above. 9 August 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
  3. "Bird B, BTN, G, J, M, MYS, N, PHL (BRAC Onnesha, GhanaSat-1, Toki, Mazaalai, Nigeria EduSat-1)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  4. "Mongolia to send first satellite off to space on June 4". News Ghana. 5 June 2017. Archived from the original on 29 June 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
  5. "Brac University says 'hi' to first nano-satellite". The Daily Star. 8 February 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  6. "Bangladeshi nano satellite to be in orbit mid 2017". New Age. 16 June 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  7. "Ground station for nation's first nanosatellite inaugurated at BRAC University". BRAC University. 26 May 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
  8. "Bangladesh's first nanosatellite Brac Onnesha launched into space". The Daily Star. 4 June 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
  9. "Mongolia to send its first satellite to space on June 4". The Indian Express. Indo-Asian News Service. 3 June 2017. Archived from the original on 22 June 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
  10. Babatunde, Mark (11 July 2017). "Ghanaian Engineers Launch Ghanasat-1, Join Space Race". Face2Face Africa. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  11. "Report on BIRDS-1 Deorbiting" (PDF). Birds Project Newsletter. 31 July 2019. p. 96. ISSN 2433-8818. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  12. "Successful deployment of five "BIRDS project" CubeSats from the "Kibo"". JAXA. 7 July 2017.
  13. "President Akufo-Addo congratulates All Nations University for Ghanasat-1 Satellite". Ghana News Agency. 7 July 2017.
  14. "First nanosatellite ready for launch". The Daily Star. 9 February 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  15. "BIRD BB". N2YO.com. Retrieved 20 August 2019.
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