Baix

Baix is a commune in the Ardèche department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of southern France.

Baix
Commune
The Chapel of Saint Joseph
Location of Baix
Baix
Baix
Coordinates: 44°42′47″N 4°45′53″E
CountryFrance
RegionAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes
DepartmentArdèche
ArrondissementPrivas
CantonLe Pouzin
IntercommunalityBarrès-Coiron
Government
 • Mayor (2014–2020) Yves Boyer
Area
1
17.39 km2 (6.71 sq mi)
Population
 (2017-01-01)[1]
1,164
 • Density67/km2 (170/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
07022 /07210
Elevation76–457 m (249–1,499 ft)
(avg. 94 m or 308 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Baixois or Baixoises.[2]

Geography

Baix is located some 30 km south by south-west of Valence and 25 km north-east of Aubenas. Access to the commune is by the D86 road from Le Pouzin in the north which passes through the commune and the town and continues south to Cruas. The D22 branches off the D86 just inside the northern border of the commune and goes west to Chomérac. The commune is mostly forested but with farmland in the north-western third of the commune.[3]

The Rhône river forms the eastern border of the commune and the department as it flows south however there is no crossing point in the commune. The nearest crossing point is at Le Pouzin 5 km north. Numerous streams rise in the commune and flow east to the Rhone including La Payre, the Ravin de Roux, the Ravin de Saint-Pierre, the Ruisseau de Notre-Dame, the Ravin de Besset, the Ruisseau de Cournairet, the Ruisseau de Sainte-Euphémie, with the Ruisseau de Sichier forming the southern border of the commune.[3]

Neighbouring communes and villages
Panorama of the town

History

The banks of the Rhone at Baix have been occupied since Roman times.

Many islands existed at the level of the plain of the Payre river which allowed for fords across the Rhone.

There was a Greco-Roman town between Le Pouzin and Baix which was at the junction between the Antoninus Pius Roman way on the right bank of the Rhône and the Via Agrippa on the left bank. It is possible that Hannibal, advancing out of Spain, crossed the Rhône at this place with his elephants in about 218 BC before crossing the Alps.

The name of this town was Batiana meaning "easy passage", a name probably given by a Phoenician colony to indicate the ease that of crossing the Rhone in this place (batos = easy or feasible with ana = crossing) thanks to number of islands in the river at this point.

Batiana had a ferry to cross the Rhône and a horse relay.

The town lay on both banks of the river and perhaps also in the islands. As an obligatory place of passage, Batiana had to endure numerous invasions and destruction. It survived until the invasion of the Vandals in 411. The population of Batiana escaped the massacre and returned after an unknown time to rebuild the town on the ruins left by the Vandals. This new town was destroyed again in 735 by the Saracens who ravaged the entire Rhône Valley to Lyon at that time.

A new Batiana emerged from the ruins. The new population of Latin origin were not the same people as the former Phoenician population who abandoned their former homes and settled north of the Ouvèze at Le Pouzin leaving the Greek people in the south on the right bank of the Rhône at Baix.

The town was sheltered behind fortifications. To the south Baios (Baix) was created and Pusillus (Le Pouzin) to the north. Baios was first called Bacium, then Bacxus, Bays sur Bays, then finally Baix.

The remains of buildings and several ceramic tile graves have been uncovered around the Chapel of Saint Euphémie.

Administration

List of Successive Mayors[4]

FromToNamePartyPosition
1760Charles André Bouvier
20012014Alain Laurent
20142020Yves Boyer

(Not all data is known)

Demography

In 2017 the commune had 1,164 inhabitants.

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1793 974—    
1800 829−2.28%
1806 1,061+4.20%
1821 1,254+1.12%
1831 1,314+0.47%
1836 1,363+0.73%
1841 1,322−0.61%
1846 1,288−0.52%
1851 1,336+0.73%
1856 1,290−0.70%
1861 1,313+0.35%
1866 1,225−1.38%
1872 1,233+0.11%
1876 1,208−0.51%
1881 1,088−2.07%
1886 1,055−0.61%
1891 993−1.20%
1896 970−0.47%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901 887−1.77%
1906 854−0.76%
1911 841−0.31%
1921 801−0.49%
1926 741−1.55%
1931 683−1.62%
1936 643−1.20%
1946 575−1.11%
1954 607+0.68%
1962 643+0.72%
1968 609−0.90%
1975 546−1.55%
1982 961+8.41%
1990 748−3.08%
1999 822+1.05%
2007 1,009+2.60%
2012 1,047+0.74%
2017 1,164+2.14%
Source: EHESS[5] and INSEE[6]

Culture and heritage

Civil heritage

The commune has several buildings and sites that are registered as historical monuments:

  • La Cardinale Inn (17th century)[7]
  • A Clock Tower (1600)[8]
  • The Louis XVI Fountain and Lavoir (Puvblic laundry) (18th century)[9]
Other sites of interest
  • Old Renaissance Houses
  • The Rhone floodway to feed the centre of Logis-Neuf
  • The Géronton Stadium

Religious heritage
  • The Croix Rouge Wayside Cross (17th century) is registered as an historical monument[10]
Other religious sites
  • The Church of Sainte-Euphémie which has been frequently altered
  • The Chapel of Saint Joseph

See also

Bibliography
  • Archaeological Map of Roman Gaul, André Blanc, fascicule XV, CNRS, 1975, p 66, article No. 78 on the Chapel of Sainte-Euphémie.

References
  1. "Populations légales 2017". INSEE. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
  2. Inhabitants of Ardèche (in French)
  3. Google Maps
  4. List of Mayors of France (in French)
  5. Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Baix, EHESS. (in French)
  6. Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
  7. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00116637 La Cardinale Inn (in French)
  8. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00116640 Clock Tower (in French)
  9. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00116639 Fountain and Lavoir (in French)
  10. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00116638 Croix Rouge (in French)
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