Battle of Tampa

The Battle of Tampa, also known as the "Yankee Outrage at Tampa",[2] was a minor engagement of the American Civil War fought June 30 – July 1, 1862, between the United States Navy and a Confederate artillery company charged with protecting the port of Tampa, a small but notable trade hub for the Confederacy, now facing a full-scale Union naval blockade along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts.

Battle of Tampa
Part of American Civil War
Date June 30, 1862 – July 1, 1862 Location Tampa, Florida Result Confederate victory
Belligerents
United States (Union)	CSA (Confederacy)
Commanders and leaders
A.J. Drake	John William Pearson
Units involved
U.S.S. Sagamore[1]	Osceola Rangers
Strength
1 gunboat	1 company
Casualties and losses
0	0

Map of Tampa Battlefield core and study areas by the American Battlefield Protection Program.

Background

On April 13, 1862, at 11 a.m., the alarm went up when a Union schooner anchored behind an island two miles from Tampa. Confederate pickets were posted on all the roads into town to sound the alarm because it was feared the ship was a decoy. According to the diary of Robert Watson, a member of the “Key West Avengers” (Captain H. Mulrennan's company of Florida volunteers),[3] “[W]e are of opinion that the Yankees have landed men below us and came in the schooner to draw our attention while they march up in our rear.” After an hour the schooner launched a boat under a flag of truce. It was met by two Confederate boats. The Federals demanded the surrender of Tampa. According to Watson, “Major Thomas told them that he would not surrender it. The Yankee officer then gave him twenty-four hours to take the women and children out of the town as they would attack the place at the end of that time. Our men gave three cheers at the prospect of having a fight which made the men in the Yankee boat look down in the mouth as they expected to see us all look frightened and ready to surrender. Capt. Smith told us to take all of our clothing and carry them up the river as the enemy might come too strong for us and should we have to retreat it would be impossible to carry anything with us. A strong picket guard on all day and night.” On April 14 Watson wrote, “No sign of the enemy but there is a bright lookout for them.”[4]

By the summer of 1862, plans were in place in Washington to further tighten this blockade by capturing major ports throughout the Confederacy, à la New Orleans, which was captured in April 1862, as well as other towns along the Mississippi River (most notably Vicksburg). It was common knowledge among the Union's chief military strategists that the sooner the blockade could effectively seal off the Confederacy from any level of commerce, the sooner the import-dependent Confederates would quickly be forced to surrender, lacking the materiel necessary to sustain a war of attrition, as the Union infantry would ultimately have to attempt to put on the Confederacy at various points in the war.

Captain John William Pearson, CSA

Battle action

On June 30, USS Sagamore,[5] a Union gunboat, came into Tampa Bay, opened her ports, and turned her broadside on the town. The gunboat then launched a boat with 20 men flying a flag of truce. In his post-action report, Captain John William Pearson, CSA, reported to Gen. Joseph Finegan, CSA, what transpired. “I immediately manned one of my boats with 18 men met them in the bay, determined that they should not land on my shore, and on meeting the boat the lieutenant in command reported he had been sent by Captain Drake to demand an unconditional surrender of the town. My reply to him was that we did not understand the meaning of the word surrender; there was no such letter in our book; we don’t surrender. He then said they would commence shelling the town at 6 o’clock, and I told him to pitch in. We then gave three hearty cheers for the Southern Confederacy and the Federal boat crew said nothing…. At 6 o’clock they promptly opened fire on us with heavy shell and shot, and after two from them we opened from our batteries, consisting of three 24-pounder cannon. Both parties then kept up a regular fire until 7 p.m.” At that point, U.S.S. Sagamore withdrew. On July 1, between 10 a.m. and 12 p.m., the gunboat fired from beyond the range of the Confederate cannon. After a two-hour break for lunch, USS Sagamore fired two more rounds, weighed anchor, and sailed away. There were no Confederate casualties.[6]

Aftermath

Marker in Oaklawn Cemetery where a shell fell during the Battle of Tampa

Capt. Pearson’s after-action report singled out Capt. James Gettis of Hillsborough County and originally from Pennsylvania[7] for his decisive leadership of one of the Confederate batteries.[8]

The Battle of Fort Brooke was another small action fought in Tampa the following October. In this engagement, Union forces landed and destroyed Confederate blockade runners hidden up the Hillsborough River. Two cannons from Ft. Brooke are displayed in Plant Park at the University of Tampa.[9]

References

1. U.S.S. Sagamore marker in Tampa's Oaklawn Cemetery
2. Tampa in CWSAC Battle Summaries Archived February 18, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
3. "Local Designations of Confederate Organizations" in the James Verner Scaife Collection Civil War Literature @ Cornell University Library
4. "Robert Watson - Civil War Diary" @ Florida Memory, a Division of Library & Information Services
5. "Battle of Tampa Bay @ BG Evander McIver Law's Brigade". Archived from the original on 2013-11-03. Retrieved 2013-11-03.
6. "Report by Capt. J. W. Pearson to Brig. Gen. Finegan, CSA, of July 2, 1862, in the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, chap. XXVI, pp. 111-112". Archived from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved November 3, 2013.
7. “Officers’ Biography Captain James Gettis”
8. Report of Capt. J. W. Pearson, CSA of July 2, 1862, in the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, chap. XXVI, p. 111
9. "Plant Park Site Being Prepped For 2 Civil War Cannons " @ The Tampa Tribune, 03/11/08

• CWSAC Report Update and Resurvey: Individual Battlefield Profiles