Benedita da Silva

Benedita Souza da Silva Sampaio (Portuguese pronunciation: [beneˈdʒitɐ ˈsowzɐ da ˈsiwvɐ sɐ̃ˈpaju], born 26 April 1942) is a Brazilian politician. From a humble background, she faced class and racial prejudice, overcoming it to become the first female and Afro-Brazilian governor of the State of Rio de Janeiro and, later, Minister of the said Secretary of State[1] as well in the Government of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.

Benedita da Silva
Member of the Chamber of Deputies for Rio de Janeiro
Incumbent
Assumed office 1 February 2011
In office 1 February 1987 – 1 February 1995
Chair of the Chamber Culture Committee
Incumbent
Assumed office 14 March 2019
Preceded by	Jandira Feghali
Minister of the Special Bureau of Labour and Social Assistance
In office 1 January 2003 – 1 January 2007
President	Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Office abolished
Governor of Rio de Janeiro
In office 6 April 2002 – 31 December 2002
Vice Governor	None
Preceded by	Anthony Garotinho
Succeeded by	Rosinha Garotinho
Vice Governor of Rio de Janeiro
In office 1 January 1999 – 5 April 2002
Governor	Anthony Garotinho
Preceded by	Luiz Paulo Corrêa da Rocha
Succeeded by	Luiz Paulo Conde
Member of the Federal Senate for Rio de Janeiro
In office 1 February 1995 – 1 January 1999
City Councillor of Rio de Janeiro
In office 1 January 1983 – 1 January 1987
Personal details
Born	26 April 1942 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Political party	PT (1982–present)
Spouse(s)	Nilton Aldano da Silva ​ ​ (m. 1962; died 1981)​ Aguinaldo Bezerra dos Santos ​ ​ (m. 1983; died 1988)​ Antônio Pitanga ​ (m. 1992)​
Children	Pedro (b. 1964) Nilcéa (b. 1966)

Origin

Benedita Souza da Silva Sampaio was born on 11 March 1943 in Praia do Pinto, Rio de Janeiro, to Ovídia da Silva and is one her mother's 13 children.[2] Benedita da Silva is also known as Bene.

Background

According to Da Silva, her mother’s matriarchal tendencies have profoundly influenced her development.[2] She grew up in the favela of Chapéu Mangueira[2] in Copacabana. Da Silva was raped at the age of seven. She had several miscarriages and a baby that died soon after birth. At 16 she started working with the community school of the Chapéu Mangueira favela where she established a women's association and a women's branch of the Rio de Janeiro Federation of Favelas. She worked as a nursing aide and studied Social Studies. At the age of 40, Da Silva received her high-school diploma. She attended college at the same time as her 20-year-old daughter. During this period she also married a man named Manshino.[3]

After Manshino's death, Da Silva became involved in community service, where she met her second husband Bola. Bola inspired her politically and coordinated her campaign, which resulted in Da Silva's historic election as the first Workers' Party governor in Rio. Five years later, Da Silva became a widow for the second time. She would later meet her new husband, the actor Pitanga, as she campaigned for as a senator candidate. These relationships and the dynamics of Brazilian life combined with her activism propelled Da Silva to political prominence and controversy.

She did so at a time when both women and black people were not visible in Brazil's political process. Neither the loss of two husbands nor the hostility of the Brazilian press deterred her politically.

Current

Today, she is an advocate of women's rights both in Brazil and Latin America. Egalitarianism is her goal, not just for her constituents but to persons everywhere who are adversely affected by prejudice and poverty. According to Da Silva, "Racial democracy only exists in school books and official speeches; the elite in Brazil have promoted the myth of racial harmony to make people accept certain forms of discrimination and to deny the need for affirmative action." As a member of the African diaspora which came to the Americas as a result of the Maafa, and which stills suffer discrimination around the world based in the social relations constructed thereafter, Mrs Da Silva through her career is a figure who reinforces the benefits of full citizenship for racial minorities in Latin America.

Political career

Miro Teixeira (left side) and Benedita da Silva (right side)

• 1982 - Elected city councilor of Rio de Janeiro for the Worker's Party.
• 1986 - Elected to the National Congress; fought to make amendments to the Brazilian Constitution on racial crimes, 120 days maternity leave, prohibition of difference of wages, and right of the prison inmates to breast-feed their children.
• 1994 - Elected to the Senate, becoming the first female senator in Brazil.
• 1998 - Became Vice-Governor of the State of Rio de Janeiro on the Anthony Garotinho ticket.
• 2002 - With Governor Anthony Garotinho resigning to run for President, Da Silva assumes the Governorship of the State of Rio de Janeiro, becoming the first woman and the first black person to occupy the office.
• 2003 - Leaving the State government, Silva takes the post of Social Action Secretary, where she remains until January 2004.
• 2006 - Assumed the general coordination of the campaign of re-election of current president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Some periodicals speculated that, she would run for mayor of the City of Rio de Janeiro in 2008. It didn't happen.

Benedita da Silva’s journey to political leadership alone is enough to make a statement regarding her character and determination. Da Silva’s biography, "Benedita da Silva: An Afro-Brazilian woman's story of politics and love", tells, through a collection of interviews, of her hardships and successes while conveying her message to members of her audience. Through the novel, da Silva is able to impact its readers while also bringing to light the many issues that a prominent in Brazil, particularly in the Brazilian Favelas. She exposes prominent and controversial issues such as abortion, poverty, rape and sexual abuse, and inequality that plagued her personally.[4]

Da Silva’s background and personal reputation as “three times a minority” (black, poor, and woman), she says[5] gives her a perspective into the lives of her electorate.[6] Her struggles and ethnicity make her relatable to the citizens in which she has leadership over. This type of advantage makes for a more insightful, diverse, and conscientious political leader.

She is a devout Pentecostal and draws much of her ideology from the progressive wing of the Pentecostal movement in Brazil. She describes herself as a "PTcostal."[4]

References

1. Silvera, Guto (10 April 2010). "Gavetas limpas" (in Portuguese). Gazeta de Ribeirao. Retrieved 3 December 2010.
2. Davis, Darién J. (1995). Slavery and Beyond: The African Impact on Latin America and the Caribbean. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 261–. ISBN 978-0-8420-2485-3.
3. Silva, B., M. Benjamin, & M. Mendonça (1997), Benedita da Silva: An Afro-Brazilian woman's story of politics and love. Oakland, Ca: Institute for Food and Development Policy.
4. Silva, Benedita da; Benjamin, Medea (1 January 1997). Benedita Da Silva: An Afro-Brazilian Woman's Story of Politics and Love. Food First Books. ISBN 9780935028706.
5. Riding, Alan, "RIO JOURNAL; ONE WOMAN'S MISSION: TO MAKE BRASILIA SENSITIVE", New York Times, 19 February 1987.
6. Bigelow, Barbara (1994). Contemporary Black Biography. Detroit. ISBN 978-0-8103-8557-3.

See also

• Afro-Brazilians