Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing

The Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC, pronounced /bɔɪŋk/ – rhymes with "oink"[2]) is an open-source middleware system for volunteer computing and grid computing.[3] Originally developed to support the SETI@home project, it became generalized as a platform for other distributed applications in areas as diverse as mathematics, linguistics, medicine, molecular biology, climatology, environmental science, and astrophysics, among others.[4] BOINC aims to enable researchers to tap into the enormous processing resources of multiple personal computers around the world.

BOINC
BOINC Manager 7.6.22 running on macOS
Developer(s)University of California, Berkeley
Initial release10 April 2002 (2002-04-10)
Stable release
7.16.11 Windows

2 September 2020 (2020-09-02)

7.16.14 macOS 30 November 2020 (2020-11-30)

7.4.22 Linux 17 September 2014 (2014-09-17)

7.4.53 Android 3 July 2016 (2016-07-03)

Preview release
7.16.6 Linux

5 April 2020 (2020-04-05)

7.16.3 Android 10 October 2019 (2019-10-10)

Repository
Written inC++ (client/server)
PHP (project CMS)
Java/Kotlin (Android client)
Operating systemWindows
macOS
Linux
Android
TypeGrid computing and volunteer computing
LicenseGNU Lesser General Public License[1]
Project licensing varies
Websiteboinc.berkeley.edu

BOINC development originated with a team based at the Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL) at the University of California, Berkeley and led by David Anderson, who also leads SETI@home. As a high-performance distributed computing platform, BOINC brings together about 137,805 active participants and 791,443 active computers (hosts) worldwide processing on average 41.548 PetaFLOPS as of 17 March 2020[5] (it would be the fifth largest processing capability in the world compared with an individual supercomputer Supercomputer TOP500 list). The National Science Foundation (NSF) funds BOINC through awards SCI/0221529,[6] SCI/0438443[7] and SCI/0721124.[8] Guinness World Records ranks BOINC as the largest computing grid in the world.[9]

BOINC code runs on various operating systems, including Microsoft Windows, macOS, Android,[10] Linux and FreeBSD.[11] BOINC is free software released under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).

History

BOINC was originally developed to manage the SETI@home project.

The original SETI client was a non-BOINC software exclusively for SETI@home. It was one of the first volunteer grid computing projects, and not designed with a high level of security. As a result, some participants in the project attempted to cheat the project to gain "credits," while some others submitted entirely falsified work. BOINC was designed, in part, to combat these security breaches.[12]

The BOINC project started in February 2002, and the first version was released on April 10, 2002. The first BOINC-based project was Predictor@home launched on June 9, 2004. In 2009, AQUA@home deployed multi-threaded CPU applications for the first time,[13] followed by the first OpenCL application in 2010.

As of 17 March 2020, there are 31 active BOINC projects.[14]

Design and structure
The BOINC Manager working on the SETI@home project (v 7.6.22)
Main article: BOINC client–server technology
BOINC Manager icon

In essence, BOINC is software that can use the unused CPU and GPU cycles on a computer to do scientific computing—what one individual does not use of his/her computer, BOINC uses. In late 2008, BOINC's official website announced that Nvidia had developed a system called CUDA that uses GPUs for scientific computing. With NVIDIA's assistance, some BOINC-based projects (e.g., SETI@home, MilkyWay@home) now have applications that run on NVIDIA GPUs using CUDA. Beginning in October 2009, BOINC added support for the ATI/AMD family of GPUs also. These applications run from 2 to 10 times faster than the former CPU-only versions. In 7.x preview versions, GPU support (via OpenCL) was added for computers using Mac OS X with AMD Radeon graphic cards.

BOINC consists of a server system and client software that communicate with each other to distribute and process work units and return the results.

User interfaces

BOINC can be controlled remotely by remote procedure calls (RPC), from the command line, and from the BOINC Account Manager.

BOINC Manager currently has two "views": the Advanced View and the Simplified GUI. The Grid View was removed in the 6.6.x clients as it was redundant.

The appearance (skin) of the Simplified GUI is user-customizable, in that users can create their own designs.

Mobile application

A BOINC app also exists for Android, allowing every person owning an Android device – smartphone, tablet and Kindle – to share their unused computing power. The user is allowed to select the research projects they want to support, if it is in the app's available project list.

By default, the application will allow computing only when the device is connected to a WiFi network, is being charged, and the battery has a charge of at least 90%.[15] Some of these settings can be changed to users needs. Not all BOINC projects are available[16] and some of the projects are not compatible with all versions of Android operating system or availability of work is intermittent. Currently available projects[17] are Asteroids@home, Einstein@home, Enigma@home, LHC@home, Moo! Wrapper, Quake Catcher Network, Rosetta@home, SETI@home, Universe@Home, World Community Grid and Yoyo@home.

Account managers

A BOINC Account Manager is an application that manages multiple BOINC project accounts across multiple computers (CPUs) and operating systems. Account managers were designed for people who are new to BOINC or have several computers participating in several projects. The account manager concept was conceived and developed jointly by GridRepublic and BOINC. Current and past account managers include:

  • BAM! (BOINC Account Manager) (The first publicly available Account Manager, released for public use on May 30, 2006)
  • GridRepublic (Follows the idea of keeping it simple and keep it neat when it comes to account management)
  • Charity Engine (Non-profit account manager for hire, uses prize draws and continuous charity fundraising to motivate people to join the grid)
  • Dazzler (Open-source Account Manager, to ease institutional management resources)

Credit system
Main article: BOINC Credit System

The BOINC Credit System is designed to avoid cheating by validating results before granting credit.

  • A credit management system helps to ensure that users are returning results which are both scientifically and statistically accurate.
  • Online distributed computing is almost entirely a volunteer endeavor. For this reason, projects are dependent on a complicated and variable mix of new users, long-term users, and retiring users.

Projects

There are 31 active projects listed in the BOINC official website:[14]

  • Amicable Numbers – Mathematics
  • Asteroids@home – Astrophysics
  • BOINC@TACC – Multiple scientific areas
  • Citizen Science Grid – Molecular biology, computer science
  • Climateprediction.net – Climate study
  • Collatz Conjecture – Mathematics
  • Cosmology@Home – Astronomy
  • Einstein@home – Astrophysics
  • Gerasim@Home – Computer engineering
  • GPUGrid.net – Molecular simulations of proteins
  • Ibercivis BOINC – Biomedicine
  • LHC@home – Physics
  • Milkyway@home – Astronomy
  • MindModeling@Home – Cognitive science
  • Minecraft@Home – Games
  • MLC@Home – Artificial Intelligence
  • Moo! Wrapper – Cryptography and combinatorics
  • nanoHUB@Home – Nanoscience
  • NFS@home – Factorization of large integers
  • NumberFields@home – Mathematics
  • ODLK1 – Mathematics
  • PrimeGrid – Mathematics
  • QuChemPedIA@home – Molecular Chemistry
  • Radioactive@Home – Environmental research
  • RakeSearch – Mathematics
  • RNA World – Molecular biology
  • Rosetta@home – Biology
  • SRBase – Mathematics
  • Universe@Home – Astronomy
  • World Community Grid – Medical, environmental and other humanitarian research
  • Yoyo@home – Mathematics

See also

References
  1. BOINC is now distributed under the Lesser GPL, BOINC, University of California, Berkeley, 2005-01-15, archived from the original on 2016-03-04, retrieved 2012-08-19
  2. Gonzalez, Laura Lynn, ed. (7 January 2007). "Rosetta@home". YouTube. Rosetta@home. Archived from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
  3. "Save the world using your PC or phone". CNET. Archived from the original on 2017-05-20. Retrieved 2017-06-01.
  4. Scoles, Sarah. "A Brief History of SETI@Home". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 2017-05-23. Retrieved 2017-06-01.
  5. "BOINC". Boinc.berkeley.edu. Archived from the original on 2013-06-10. Retrieved 2018-06-09.
  6. Research and Infrastructure Development for Public-Resource Scientific Computing Archived 2021-01-19 at the Wayback Machine, The National Science Foundation
  7. SCI: NMI Development for Public-Resource Computing and Storage Archived 2004-11-10 at the Wayback Machine, The National Science Foundation
  8. SDCI NMI Improvement: Middleware for Volunteer Computing Archived 2009-05-12 at the Wayback Machine, The National Science Foundation
  9. "Largest computing grid". Guinness World Records. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2016-01-04.
  10. "Put your Android device to work on World Community Grid!". July 22, 2013. Archived from the original on October 9, 2013. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
  11. "Manual sites of FreeBSD system". January 2, 2015. Archived from the original on January 17, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2015.
  12. Anderson, David P. "Public Computing: Reconnecting People to Science". Archived from the original on 2007-05-15. Retrieved 2007-06-13.
  13. Karimi, Kamran; Dickson, Neil; Hamze, Firas (2010). "High-Performance Physics Simulations Using Multi-Core CPUs and GPGPUs in a Volunteer Computing Context". International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications. 25: 61–69. arXiv:1004.0023. Bibcode:2010arXiv1004.0023K. doi:10.1177/1094342010372928. S2CID 14214535.
  14. "Choosing BOINC projects". BOINC. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
  15. "Android FAQ". BOINC. UC Berkeley. 12 April 2018. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  16. "Projects". BOINC. Archived from the original on 2011-03-20. Retrieved 2018-01-27.
  17. "Projects". BOINC. Archived from the original on 2011-03-20. Retrieved 2018-01-27.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.