Big Bay Point Light

The Big Bay Point Light is a lighthouse which stands on a tall bluff over a rocky point[10] near Big Bay, Michigan, approximately 24 miles (39 km) northwest of Marquette on the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.[11] Today it is the only operational lighthouse with a bed and breakfast.[12][lower-alpha 1] It is reputed to be haunted.[14]

Big Bay Point Light
LocationBig Bay, Michigan
Coordinates46°50′25″N 87°40′55″W
Year first constructed1896
Year first lit1896[1]
Automated1941[2]
Deactivated1961 (Now Private Aid to Navigation)
ConstructionBrick and reinforced concrete[3]
Tower shapeOctagonal lantern atop square tower which sits on attached duplex bed and breakfast[4]
Markings / patternred brick with white lantern
Tower height64 feet (20 m)
Focal height108 feet (33 m)
Original lensThird order Fresnel Lens
Range9.6 nautical miles; 18 kilometres (11 mi)[5]
CharacteristicFl W 6s 
ARLHS numberUSA-053[6][7]
USCG number7-14705[8]
Heritageplace listed on the National Register of Historic Places 
Big Bay Point Light Station
Undated USCG photo
Nearest cityBig Bay, Michigan
Area53 acres (21 ha)
Architect11th District Light-House Engineer; US Lighthouse Establishment
Architectural styleLate Victorian
NRHP reference No.88001837[9]
Added to NRHPOctober 12, 1988

History of the light

The establishment of a station at Big Bay Point was recommended to the Lighthouse board in 1882 as follows: "The point occupies a position midway between Granite Island and Huron Islands, the distance in each case being 15 to 18 miles (24 to 29 km). These two lights are invisible from each other and the intervening stretch is unlighted. A light and fog signal would be a protection to steamers passing between these points. Quite a number of vessels have in past years been wrecked on Big Bay Point".[15]

Light station infrastructure

A 20-by-15-foot (6.1 m × 4.6 m) brick fog signal building was constructed. It contained two 10-inch (250 mm) steam train whistles that stuck out of the roof of the building and were operated by steam boilers. In 1928, the steam whistles were replaced by a modern air diaphone.[16]

There were also two small brick privies, a brick building with a metal roof and a door for storing oil for the lens.[16]

On October 20, 1896, the 3rd-order fixed Fresnel lens went into service. It was "fitted with a three-wick burner same as a 2nd order light and consuming the same quantity of oil". To increase the steady white light, partially screened rotating panels were installed, creating "a brilliant white flash every twenty seconds".[16] This lens is considered to be sufficiently significant that models have been made and marketed as technological "diamonds"—"a superior example of mathematical dimension and extraordinary beauty. . . . With its magnificent series of concentric glass prisms, the light would reflect back through the central lens—a perfect example of a 'catadioptric system."[17]

An office was on the tower's lower level, and it was accessible only from the head keeper's side. Each dwelling had six rooms, including on the first floor a kitchen, parlor and dining room, and on the second floor three bedrooms. Each side had a basement cistern to collect water from the roof eaves and a pump in the kitchen to get water from the cistern to the sink for washing dishes. When paint contamination of the cisterns was discovered, water was fetched from the lake in five US gallons (19 l; 4.2 imp gal) buckets.[16]

The aid to navigation was deactivated and sold to private owners. In 1990 the original Fresnel lens was recovered and reinstalled, and is on exhibit.[3]

Private home

In 1961, the lighthouse, and 33 acres (13 ha) were sold by sealed bid to Jon Pick, a plastic surgeon from Chicago. The purchase price was $40,000 (equivalent to $267,341 in 2019[18]). Six years of abandonment meant that most of the roof was missing, windows broken and the walls were denuded of most of the plaster. Layers of paint needed to be scraped. Pick's attempt to turn it into a summer home encompassed 17 years of construction and renovation, including upgrading or installing inside plumbing, electricity and a modern heating system. Many rooms were re-plastered. The duplex was integrated into one large building. Period antiques and travel mementos were placed.

Bed and breakfast

In 1979, in his 80s and in poor health, the Pick sold the dream keeper's house to Dan Hitchens of Traverse City. Hitchens added bathrooms and executive meeting rooms, intending to convert the place to a bed and breakfast.[16]

Five years later, Hitchens sold the lighthouse to an investment group of whom the managing owners were Norman Gotschall, and his wife. Bed-and-breakfast amenities were added, the fog signal building was reopened, additional acreage acquired, and hiking trails opened. The new bed-and-breakfast opened in 1986.[16]

Nearing retirement, the Gotschalls and their partners decided to sell, and in March 1992 the lighthouse was purchased by the fourth and present (as of 2015) owners, three avid preservationists from the Chicago area. John Gale, Linda Gamble, and Jeff Gamble had been guests at the B&B and fell in love with the lighthouse and the tiny hamlet of Big Bay on their first visit.[16]

The light was built in 1896[19] at a cost of $25,000 (equivalent to $680,085 in 2019[18]) and automated in 1944.[20] In 1961, the lighthouse was sold to Pick. Pick had it restored and furnished with antiques. It was set up originally as a duplex, so it would have quarters for two keepers and their families. It has been a bed and breakfast[4] since 1986.[21]

Access to the grounds and tours of the light (and fog horn building) are available.[22]

Life at the light

The keeper's house consists of 18 rooms in a 52-by-52-foot (16 m × 16 m) two story brick building. The attached tower is tall enough to place the light 105 feet (32 m) above Lake Superior. Originally, this housed the keeper (and his family) and an assistant keeper with family as well. As the country moved to eight-hour shifts, a frame building with outhouse was built at the bottom of the hill for a second assistant keeper.

At the time the light was built the only way to get to and from the aid to navigation was by water. Those who worked at Big Bay Point were truly isolated. The keepers' wives not only had to do the usual housekeeping and food preparation, but also schooling of any children in residence.

Other structures on the site include two cisterns, an oil house, a garage, two brick outhouses, a dock. a well house[3] and a brick fog signal building, which housed the original Fresnel lens for display.[10] However, another source opines that "the original 3° Fresnel lens, formerly displayed in the fog signal building, is now on loan to the Marquette Maritime Museum in Marquette."[8]

The light tower has intricate fortress style brick work near its apex[3] (like Old Mackinac Point Light, which is its contemporary), supporting an octagonal lantern and iron watch room. The light was automated in 1941. The station was sold in 1961 after a new light was erected on a steel tower on the grounds.[10]

Notable deaths at the light

There has been at least one notable death associated with the lighthouse. Red-haired William Prior, who was the first lighthouse keeper at Big Bay Point, was devastated when his son, Edward, died of a leg injury. William vanished in 1901 and his body was found almost a year and a half later hanging from a tree about a mile from the lighthouse. He may have committed suicide or have been murdered. A red-haired ghost has reportedly been seen in mirrors, and doors tend to bang in the middle of the night.[21]

Current status

Effective November 12, 1988, the site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is also listed on the state list.[3]

See also
  •  Michigan portal

Notes
  1. Sand Hills Light is also a bed and breakfast.[13]

References
  1. "Big Bay Point Lighthouse". Michigan Lighthouse Fund. Archived from the original on 2009-01-07.
  2. "Interactive map on Michigan lighthouses". Detroit News.
  3. "Big Bay Point Light". Michigan Lighthouse Conservancy.
  4. National Park Service. "Big Bay Point Light". Maritime Heritage Project Inventory of Historic Lighthouses.
  5. Light List, Volume VII, Great Lakes (PDF). Light List. United States Coast Guard.
  6. "Big Bay Point (Lake Superior) Light ARLHS USA-053". Amateur Radio Lighthouse Society.
  7. "World List of Lights (WLOL)". Amateur Radio Lighthouse Society.
  8. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of the United States: Michigan's Eastern Upper Peninsula". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
  9. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  10. Wobser, David. "Big Bay Point Light". Boatnerd.com.
  11. DeLorme (2002). Michigan Atlas and Gazetteer (Map) (10th ed.). Yarmouth, ME: DeLorme. p. 112.
  12. "Big Bay Point Lighthouse Bed & Breakfast".
  13. "Lighthouse Bed and Breakfasts". Archived from the original on 2009-05-27.
  14. "Big Bay Point Light". About.com.
  15. Pepper, Terry. "Seeing The Light: Big Bay Point Lighthouse". terrypepper.com.
  16. Anderson, Kraig. "Big Bay Point Lighthouse". Lighthouse Friends.
  17. "Harbour Lights, 3rd Order Fresnel Lens, Big Bay Point Lighthouse".
  18. Thomas, Ryland; Williamson, Samuel H. (2020). "What Was the U.S. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved September 22, 2020. United States Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the Measuring Worth series.
  19. "Chronology of Michigan lighthouses". Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University.
  20. Roach, Jerry (2007). "Lighthouse Central, Big Bay Lighthouse". The Ultimate Guide to Upper Michigan Lighthouses. Bugs Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9747977-2-4.
  21. Wright, Larry & Wright, Patricia (1999). Bright Lights, Dark Nights. Erin, ON: Boston Mills Press. p. 79. ISBN 978-1-55046-312-5.
  22. Hunt, Mary & Hunt, Don (2011). "Big Bay Point Light Tour". Hunt's Guide to Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Archived from the original on September 22, 2012.

Further reading
  • Hermann, Don. True Lighthouse Hauntings, Revisited.
  • Storehouse, Frederick (1974). Marquette Shipwrecks. Marquette, MI: Harboridge Press.
  • Wagner, John L. (1998). Michigan Lighthouses: An Aerial Photographic Perspective. East Lansing, MI: John L. Wagner. ISBN 978-1-880311-01-1.
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