Bolkiah

Bolkiah
بلقیة (Jawi)
Bolkiah ; بلقیة (Jawi)
5th Sultan of Brunei
Reign	1485-1524
Predecessor	Sulaiman
Heir apparent	Abdul Kahar
Died	1524; Kota Batu, Brunei
Spouse	Puteri Laila Menchanai, Princess of Sulu
Issue; Detail	Abdul Kahar
House	Bolkiah
Father	Sulaiman
Religion	Sunni Islam

Bolkiah was the 5th Sultan of Brunei. He ascended the throne upon the abdication of his father, Sultan Sulaiman, and ruled Brunei from 1485 to 1524. His reign marked the Golden Age of Brunei[1] and saw the Sultanate become the superpower of the Malay archipelago. Bolkiah frequently traveled abroad to gain new ideas for the development of the country, as well as seeking suggestions from his various chiefs. It is said that his name was kept by his father after the Ba'Alawi Sayyed clan Ba-Awalqhiyyah who had gained control over much of the Yemeni kingdom of Hadhramaut.

Reign

Sultan Bolkiah's victory over Seludong (modern-day Manila)[2] by defeating Rajah Suko of Tundun in Luzon and as well as his marriage to Laila Menchanai, the daughter of Sulu Sultan Amir Ul-Ombra, widened Brunei's influence in the Philippines.

This increased Brunei's wealth as well as extending Islamic teachings in the region, resulting in the influence and power of Brunei reaching its peak during this period. Bolkiah's rule reached essentially all of coastal Borneo,[1] as far south as Banjarmasin,[3] and as far north as the island of Luzon, including Seludong (present-day Manila) in the Philippines.[1]

Marriage

Bolkiah was married to Laila Menchanai, the daughter of Sulu Sultan Amir Ul-Ombra and Datu Kemin.

Death and succession

The tomb of Sultan Bolkiah, near Kota Batu, Brunei.

The tomb of Sultan Bolkiah

After his death, he was succeeded by his son, Abdul Kahar.[1] He was buried in Kota Batu with his wife, Princess Leila Mechanai.

Uncertainties

The earliest historical record of the Sultans of Brunei is not clearly known due to the poor early documentation of Brunei's history. Many elder members of the House of Bolkiah claim that their ancestors were the BaHassan and BaAlawi Saadah from Tarim and Hadhramaut in Yemen. In addition there has been an effort to Islamise the history, with the "official history" not matching up with verifiable foreign sources. The Batu Tarsilah, the genealogical record of the kings of Brunei, was not established until 1807 CE.

Notes and references

Sidhu, Jatswan S. (2009). "Bolkiah, Sultan (r. 1485–1524)". Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam (second ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-8108-7078-9.
Although this is the interpretation based upon the work of Antonio Pigafetta, other authorities suggest that Seludong may have referred to the Serudong River, which is in northeastern Borneo, and not to the island of Luzon at all. Saunders, Graham (2002). History of Brunei (second ed.). New York: RoutledgeCurzon. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-7007-1698-2.
Saunders 2002, p. 45

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[Sidhu-1] Sidhu, Jatswan S. (2009). "Bolkiah, Sultan (r. 1485–1524)". Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam (second ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-8108-7078-9.

[2] Although this is the interpretation based upon the work of Antonio Pigafetta, other authorities suggest that Seludong may have referred to the Serudong River, which is in northeastern Borneo, and not to the island of Luzon at all. Saunders, Graham (2002). History of Brunei (second ed.). New York: RoutledgeCurzon. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-7007-1698-2.

[3] Saunders 2002, p. 45

List of sultans of Brunei
by order and date of accession
14th century	Muhammad Shah
15th century	Abdul Majid Hassan Ahmad Sharif Ali Sulaiman Bolkiah
16th century	Abdul Kahar Saiful Rijal Shah Berunai Muhammad Hassan Abdul Jalilul Akbar
17th century	Abdul Jalilul Jabbar Muhammad Ali Abdul Hakkul Mubin Muhyiddin Nasruddin
18th century	Hussin Kamaluddin (First reign) Muhammad Alauddin Hussin Kamaluddin (Second reign) Omar Ali Saifuddin I Muhammad Tajuddin
19th century	Muhammad Jamalul Alam I Muhammad Kanzul Alam Muhammad Alam Omar Ali Saifuddin II Abdul Momin Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin
20th century	Muhammad Jamalul Alam II Ahmad Tajuddin Omar Ali Saifuddien III Hassanal Bolkiah
Style and titles – House of Bolkiah – Succession to the Bruneian throne