Bonne-Espérance, Quebec

Bonne-Espérance is a municipality in the Côte-Nord region of the province of Quebec in Canada.

Bonne-Espérance
Municipality
Location within Le Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent RCM.
Bonne-Espérance Location in Côte-Nord Region of Quebec.
Coordinates: 51°23′N 57°40′W[1]
Country	Canada
Province	Quebec
Region	Côte-Nord
RCM	Le Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent
Constituted	January 1, 1990
Government [2]
• Mayor	Roderick Fequet
• Federal riding	Manicouagan
• Prov. riding	Duplessis
Area [2][3]
• Total	1,198.70 km^2 (462.82 sq mi)
• Land	646.73 km^2 (249.70 sq mi)
Population  (2011)[3]
• Total	732
• Density	1.1/km^2 (3/sq mi)
• Pop 2006-2011	12.2%
• Dwellings	319
Time zone	UTC-4 (AST)
Postal code(s)	G0G 2P0
Area code(s)	418 and 581
Highways	Route 138
Climate	Dfc

The municipality is made up of the fishing villages of St. Paul's River (Rivière-Saint-Paul), Middle Bay, and Old Fort (Old Fort Bay),[4] and was incorporated as a municipality on January 1, 1990.[2] All three communities are accessible via Quebec Route 138 from Blanc-Sablon to the east only; this road currently ends at Vieux-Fort before commencing again at Kegashka some 300 kilometres (190 mi) west-south-west.

History

Early history of Bonne Esperance

Bonne Esperance was first known to be inhabited by the Maritime Archaic people. The Maritime Archaic people are probably the ancestors of today's Innu people, and lived on the coast about 9,000 years ago. When the French met the Innu they called them Montagnais, because of the hilly land they lived on, however since 1990 the preferred name is Innu.

French colonial history

In 1534, Jacques Cartier established a short-term storehouse around the modern-day location of Old Fort to help resupply his ship crews. The words "Old Establishment" found on the map of Nicolas Bellin in 1744, would indicate that "Vieux-Fort" is the former site of "Brest", visited especially by Basque and Breton fishermen at the turn of the sixteenth century to hunt whale and render their blubber for lamp oil. But Brest was later relocated to Brador Bay, where in 1907 a township was created with the same name.[5] In 1702 Augustin Le Gardeur de Courtemanche was granted a large concession by the King of France from the Kegaska River (Kegashka) to the Kessessakiou (Hamilton River).[6] In 1702, Courtemanche built a fort on Old Fort Bay to protect the fishermen and trappers he employed to harvest the region's abundance in cod, whale, seal and furs from the hostile Eskimos. This fort was replaced by Fort Pontchartrain, that Courtemanche built on Brador Bay in 1704. However, in 1714 800 Eskimos attacked the fort and stole everything they could.[7] Courtemanche, planning to strike back at the Eskimos to pacify them, died in 1717. His son François Martel De Brouague took over the Labrador fishery and managed it profitably through two naval wars between France and England, until his death in 1761.[8]

British colonial history

It was not until the 19th century that permanent residents from Newfoundland and elsewhere in Quebec began to establish the three fishing communities, whose current day inhabitants are largely descended from these people.

Communities

In addition to the three villages mentioned below, the municipality also includes the ghost town of Salmon Bay (51°25′27″N 57°36′55″W).

Middle Bay

Middle Bay is a small fishing village with a population of thirty-three permanent residents (2016), but in the summer seasons more people go there to fish.[9]

St. Paul's River

The town of St. Paul's River is between the communities of Old Fort Bay and Middle Bay. The population of this village is 100 (2016).[10]

Old Fort

As the name suggests, Old Fort has a long history but in 2016 was a town of 234 people.[11]

Demographics

Population

Canada census – Bonne-Espérance, Quebec community profile
	2016	2011	2006
Population:	681 (-7.0% from 2011)	732 (-12.2% from 2006)	834 (-2.1% from 2001)
Land area:	646.73 km^2 (249.70 sq mi)	646.73 km^2 (249.70 sq mi)	646.73 km^2 (249.70 sq mi)
Population density:	1.1/km^2 (2.8/sq mi)	1.1/km^2 (2.8/sq mi)	1.3/km^2 (3.4/sq mi)
Median age:	50.9 (M: 51.0, F: 50.8)	46.6 (M: 46.4, F: 47.0)	41.3 (M: 41.7, F: 40.7)
Total private dwellings:	296	319	315
Median household income:	$67,584	$.N/A	$45,811
References: 2016[12] 2011[13] 2006[14] earlier[15]

Historical Census Data - Bonne-Espérance, Quebec[16]

Year Pop. ±% 1991 896 —     1996 906 +1.1%

Year Pop. ±% 2001 852 −6.0% 2006 834 −2.1%

Year Pop. ±% 2011 732 −12.2% 2016 681 −7.0%

Year Pop. ±%

Year Pop. ±%

Language

Canada Census Mother Tongue - Bonne-Espérance, Quebec[16]
Census		Total		French				English				French & English				Other
Year		Responses		Count	Trend	Pop %		Count	Trend	Pop %		Count	Trend	Pop %		Count	Trend	Pop %
2011		730		10	33.3%	1.37%		715	10.1%	97.95%		0	0.0%	0.00%		5	83.3%	0.68%
2006		840		15	0.0%	1.79%		795	1.9%	94.64%		0	0.0%	0.00%		30	0.0%	3.57%
2001		855		15	33.3%	1.75%		810	9.0%	94.74%		0	0.0%	0.00%		30	n/a%	3.51%
1996		900		10	n/a	1.11%		890	n/a	98.89%		0	n/a	0.00%		0	n/a	0.00%

Economy

One of the main jobs for people in Bonne Esperance area is the fishery. There are three fish plants, one located in each of the villages: Middle Bay, St. Paul's River and Old Fort. The fish plants are open during the summer months. This facility employs around 100 people. There is also a school board which employs about 25 people, including teachers, janitors, secretaries and technicians. There is the municipality which employs about 10 people. There is the Coasters Association which employs about 11 people and there are local grocery stores/ businesses that employ a number of people. There is also USL; this is a construction company which operates in Ontario and Alberta. Every year, many of the men leave their community and go to work in both places usually leaving in the spring and returning in the fall. During the winter months, most people who fish, work in the fish plants, and go to work in Alberta and Ontario collect employment insurance benefits.

Education

St. Paul's River is the only village on the Lower North Shore that has a high school that is not combined with an elementary school. The school was once an elementary and secondary school, but in 2004, it became St. Paul's High School. As well, Commission scolaire du Littoral operates Mountain Ridge School (anglophone) in Old Fort.[17]

See also

• List of municipalities in Quebec

References

1. Reference number 236020 of the Commission de toponymie du Québec (in French)
2. "Bonne-Espérance". Répertoire des municipalités (in French). Gouvernement du Québec, Ministère des Affaires municipales, des Régions et de l'Occupation du territoire. Archived from the original on 2012-05-01. Retrieved 2010-09-28.
3. "Bonne-Espérance census profile". 2011 Census of Population. Statistics Canada. 2007-03-13. Retrieved 2010-09-28.
4. Lavallée, Claudia (2004-10-12). "A Summer in Bonne Esperance". CITIZENShift. National Film Board of Canada. Archived from the original on 2008-01-23. Retrieved 2008-08-27.
5. "Vieux-Fort". Commission de toponymie de Québec. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
6. Corley, Nora T. "LE GARDEUR DE COURTEMANCHE, AUGUSTIN". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. University of Toronto/Université Laval. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
7. name="LE GARDEUR DE COURTEMANCHE"
8. Igartua, José. "MARTEL DE BROUAGUE, FRANÇOIS". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. University of Toronto/Université Laval. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
9. "Census Profile, 2016 Census Baie du Milieu, Designated place". Statistics Canada. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
10. "Census Profile, 2016 Census Rivière-Saint-Paul, Designated place". Statistics Canada. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
11. "Census Profile, 2016 Census Old Fort, Designated place". Statistics Canada. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
12. "2016 Community Profiles". 2016 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. February 21, 2017. Retrieved 2018-03-29.
13. "2011 Community Profiles". 2011 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. July 5, 2013. Retrieved 2014-02-09.
14. "2006 Community Profiles". 2006 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. March 30, 2011. Retrieved 2014-02-09.
15. "2001 Community Profiles". 2001 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. February 17, 2012.
16. Statistics Canada: 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011 census
17. "Schools and centers." Commission scolaire du Littoral. Retrieved on September 23, 2017.

External links

• Lower North Shore Community Web Site