Brazilian real

The Brazilian real (Portuguese: real, pl. reais; sign: R$; code: BRL) is the official currency of Brazil. It is subdivided into 100 centavos. The Central Bank of Brazil is the central bank and the issuing authority. The real replaced the cruzeiro real in 1994.

Brazilian real
Real brasileiro (Portuguese)
200 reais banknote obverse 200 reais banknote reverse
ISO 4217
Code	BRL
Number	986
Exponent	2
Denominations
Subunit
​^1⁄100	centavo
Plural	Reais
Symbol	R$
Nickname	Pila (in Southeast Brazil), Conto, Réis (plural)
Banknotes
Freq. used	R$2, R$5, R$10, R$20, R$50, R$100, R$200
Coins
Freq. used	5, 10, 25, 50 centavos, and R$1
Rarely used	1 centavo
Demographics
Date of introduction	July 1, 1994
Replaced	Cruzeiro Real
User(s)	Brazil
Issuance
Central bank	Central Bank of Brazil
Website	www.bcb.gov.br
Printer	Casa da Moeda do Brasil
Website	www.casadamoeda.gov.br
Mint	Casa da Moeda do Brasil
Website	www.casadamoeda.gov.br
Valuation
Inflation	4.31% (December 2019)
Source	bcb.gov.br
Method	CPI

As of April 2016, the real is the nineteenth most traded currency in the world by value.[1]

History

The modern real (Portuguese plural reais or English plural reals) was introduced on 1 July 1994, during the presidency of Itamar Franco, when Rubens Ricupero was the Minister of Finance as part of a broader plan to stabilize the Brazilian economy, known as the Plano Real. The new currency replaced the short-lived cruzeiro real (CR$). The reform included the demonetisation of the cruzeiro real and required a massive banknote replacement.

At its introduction, the real was defined to be equal to 1 unidade real de valor (URV, "real value unit") a non-circulating currency unit. At the same time the URV was defined to be worth 2,750 cruzeiros reais, which was the average exchange rate of the U.S. dollar to the cruzeiro real on that day. As a consequence, the real was worth exactly one U.S. dollar as it was introduced. Combined with all previous currency changes in the country's history, this reform made the new real equal to 2.75 × 10¹⁸ (2.75 quintillion) of Brazil's original réis.

Soon after its introduction, the real unexpectedly gained value against the U.S. dollar, due to large capital inflows in late 1994 and 1995. During that period it attained its maximum dollar value ever, about US$1.20. Between 1996 and 1998 the exchange rate was tightly controlled by the Central Bank of Brazil, so that the real depreciated slowly and smoothly in relation to the dollar, dropping from near 1:1 to about 1.2:1 by the end of 1998. In January 1999 the deterioration of the international markets, disrupted by the Russian default, forced the Central Bank, under its new president Arminio Fraga, to float the exchange rate. This decision produced a major devaluation, to a rate of almost R$2:US$1.[2]

In the following years, the currency's value against the dollar followed an erratic but mostly downwards path from 1999 until late 2002, when the prospect of the election of leftist candidate Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, considered a radical populist by sectors of the financial markets, prompted another currency crisis and a spike in inflation. Many Brazilians feared another default on government debts or a resumption of heterodox economic policies, and rushed to exchange their reais into tangible assets or foreign currencies.

The crisis subsided once Lula took office, after he, his finance minister Antonio Palocci, and Arminio Fraga reaffirmed their intention to continue the orthodox macroeconomic policies of his predecessor (including inflation-targeting, primary fiscal surplus and floating exchange rate, as well as continued payments of the public debt). The value of the real in dollars continued to fluctuate but generally upwards, so that by 2005 the exchange was a little over R$2:US$1. In May 2007, for the first time since 2001(last 6 years), the real became worth more than US$0.50—even though the Central Bank, concerned about its effect on the Brazilian economy, had tried to keep it below that symbolic threshold. Lula started his government in 01/01/2003 with an exchange rate of 1USD = 3.52BRL and finished it in 12/31/2010 with an exchange rate of 1USD=1.66BRL.[3]

The exchange rate as of September 2015 was BRL 4.05 to US$1.00. After a period of gradual recover, it reached 3.0 BRL per US dollar by February 2017.

Jair Bolsonaro's tenure, initially welcomed with enthusiasm by the financial markets, started with USD1=BRL3.86. Fueled by meager results of the economy, quick disenchantment followed, resulting in lack of foreign investments and real's strong depreciation.[4] On 13 May 2020, during the coronavirus crisis, which deeply affected Brazil,[5] the real reached a historical low against the US dollar, being negotiated at 1USD=5.90BRL.[6]

Coins

First series (1994–1997)

Along with the first series of currency, coins were introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10 and 50 centavos and 1 real; the 25 centavos piece was soon followed. All were struck in stainless steel. The original 1-real coins(produced only in 1994) were demonetized on 23 December 2003;[7] all other coins remain legal tender.

First series
Image	Value	Design
	1 centavo	Obverse: Large denomination flanked by linear patterns. Reverse: Head of Republic.
	5 centavos	Obverse: Large denomination flanked by linear patterns. Reverse: Head of Republic.
	10 centavos	Obverse: Large denomination flanked by linear patterns. Reverse: Head of Republic.
	25 centavos	Obverse: Large denomination intersected by wavy lines. Reverse: Head of Republic.
	50 centavos	Obverse: Large denomination flanked by linear patterns. Reverse: Head of Republic.
	1 real (withdrawn from circulation)	Obverse: Large denomination flanked by linear patterns. Reverse: Head of Republic.

Commemorative coins

In 1995, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Food and Agriculture Organization, the Central Bank of Brazil released two commemorative variants of the 10 and 25 centavos coins.

Circulating commemorative coins of the Brazilian real's first series
Image	Value	Details
	10 centavos	Release date: 31 May 1995 Occasion: The 50th anniversary of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Units produced: 1 million for each design Reverse: The 10 centavos coin depicts hands offering a plant shoot with folious ramifications, and the 25 centavos coin depicts crop cultivation. Both coins contain the inscriptions "FAO—1945/1995" and "alimentos para todos" (food for all).[8][9]
	25 centavos

Additionally, non-circulating commemorative coins have also been minted, with non-standard face values – namely R$2, R$3, R$4 and R$20 coins.[10] Although worth more than their face value to collectors, they are nevertheless legal tender.[11]

Non-circulating commemorative coins of the Brazilian real's first series
Value	Details
2 reais	Release date: 4 October 1994 Occasion: 300th anniversary of the Brazilian mint (1694–1994) Units produced: 7 thousand
4 reais	Release date: 23 December 1994 Occasion: Commemorating Brazil's 4th FIFA World Cup win Units produced: 9 thousand
20 reais	Release date: 10 February 1995 Occasion: Commemorating Brazil's 4th FIFA World Cup win Units produced: 2 thousand
3 reais	Release date: 31 March 1995 Occasion: 30th anniversary of the Central Bank of Brazil (1965–1995) Units produced: 5 thousand
2 reais	Release date: 4 December 1995 Occasion: Tribute to Formula One racing driver Ayrton Senna (1960–1994) Units produced: 10 thousand
20 reais	Release date: 4 December 1995 Occasion: Tribute to Formula One racing driver Ayrton Senna (1960–1994) Units produced: 5 thousand
3 reais	Release date: 24 October 1997 Occasion: 100th anniversary of the city of Belo Horizonte, capital of the state of Minas Gerais Units produced: 20 thousand

Second series (1998–present)

In 1998, a second series of coins was introduced. It featured copper-plated steel coins of 1 and 5 centavos, brass-plated steel coins of 10 and 25 centavos, a cupronickel 50 centavos coin, and a bi-coloured brass and cupronickel coin of 1 real. However, from 2002 onwards, steel was used for the 50 centavos coin and the central part of the 1 real coin.

In November 2005, the Central Bank discontinued the production of the 1 centavo coins, but the existing ones continue to be legal tender. Retailers now generally round their prices to the next 5 or 10 centavos.

Second series
Image	Value	Design
	1 centavo (no longer produced)	Obverse: The Southern Cross in right upper side. Reverse: Depicts Pedro Álvares Cabral, Portuguese sea captain and Brazil's discoverer, with a 16th-century Portuguese ship in the background.
	5 centavos	Obverse: The Southern Cross in right upper side. Reverse: Depicts Joaquim José da Silva Xavier (also known as Tiradentes), martyr of an early independence movement known as the Minas Conspiracy. In the background, a triangle, symbol of the movement, and a dove, symbol of peace and freedom.
	10 centavos	Obverse: The Southern Cross in right upper side. Reverse: Depicts Emperor Pedro I, Brazil's first monarch. In the background, the Emperor on a horse: a scene alluding to the proclamation of independence.
	25 centavos	Obverse: The Southern Cross in right upper side. Reverse: Depicts Field Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, Brazil's first Republican president. The Republic's coat of arms is in the background.
	50 centavos	Obverse: The Southern Cross in right upper side. Reverse: Depicts José Paranhos, Jr., the Baron of Rio Branco, the country's most distinguished Minister of Foreign Affairs. In the background, image of the country with ripples expanding outwards, representing the development of Brazil's foreign policy and the expansion and demarcation of the national borders.
	1 real	Obverse: The Southern Cross in right upper side. Reverse: Outer ring depicts a sample of the marajoara art pattern. In the inner ring, the Efígie da República, symbol of the Republic.

In November 2019, the Central Bank had the Royal Dutch Mint produce 5 centavos and 50 centavos coins, which have a distinctive letter "A" to indicate they weren't minted in Brazil.[12]

50 centavos coin produced by the Royal Dutch Mint, as indicated by the letter "A" on the lower left.

Commemorative coins

Commemorative 1 real coins for the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics Games in Rio de Janeiro. Left, allegory to Olympic boxing, right, allegory to Paralympic swimming.

On occasion, the Central Bank of Brazil has issued special commemorative versions of some of the standard coins. These commemorative coins are legal tender, and usually differ from the standard design only on their reverse side.

Circulating commemorative coins of the Brazilian real's second series
Image	Value	Details
	1 real	Release date: 10 December 1998 Occasion: The 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Units produced: 600 thousand Reverse: The official logo of the commemorations; in bas-relief, a human figure. In the outer ring, the inscriptions "Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos" (Universal Declaration of Human Rights) and "Cinqüentenário" (50th anniversary).[13]
	1 real	Release date: 12 September 2002 Occasion: The 100th birth anniversary of Brazilian former president Juscelino Kubitschek Units produced: 50 million Reverse: A face portrait of Kubitschek. Vertically, the inscription "Centenário Juscelino Kubitschek" (Juscelino Kubitschek's centenary). In the outer ring, images alluding to the columns of the Alvorada Palace, the Presidential residence in Brasília, the city that he decided would be built.[14]
	1 real	Release date: 23 September 2005 Occasion: The 40th anniversary of the foundation of the Central Bank of Brazil Units produced: 40 million Reverse: Image of the trademark Central Bank building, inspired in the official logo developed for the commemorations. In the outer ring, the inscriptions "Banco Central do Brasil" (Central Bank of Brazil) and "1965 40 anos 2005" (1965 40 years 2005).[15]
	1 real	Release date: 13 August 2012 Occasion: The Olympic Flag Handover for the Rio 2016 Summer Olympics Units produced: 2 million Reverse: The Olympic Flag in a pole above the official logo of the Games of the XXXI Olympiad. In the outer ring, the inscriptions "Entrega da Bandeira Olímpica" (Olympic Flag Handover) and "Londres 2012—Rio 2016" (London 2012—Rio 2016)[16]
	1 real	Release dates: 28 November 2014, 17 April 2015, 7 August 2015, 19 February 2016 (four sets of four designs) Occasion: 2016 Summer Olympics Units produced: 20 million for each design Reverse: Sixteen coin designs, representing athletics (triple jump), swimming, paralympic triathlon, golf, basketball, sailing, paralympic canoeing, rugby, football, volleyball, paralympic athletics (running), judo, boxing, paralympic swimming, and each mascot of the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.[16]
	1 real	Release date: 30 March 2015 Occasion: The 50th anniversary of the foundation of the Central Bank of Brazil Units produced: 50 million Reverse: The Central Bank building, its logo, and the inscription "50 anos" (50 years).[16]
	1 real	Release date: 28 August 2019 Occasion: The 25th anniversary of the creation of the Plano Real (Real Plan) Units produced: 25 million Reverse: A hummingbird feeding its chicks, based on the image of the 1 real banknote.

Similarly to the first series, non-circulating commemorative coins have also been minted, with the following non-standard face values: R$2, R$5, R$10 and R$20 coins.[10] Likewise, even if they are worth more than their face value to collectors, they are nevertheless legal tender.[11]

Non-circulating commemorative coins of the Brazilian real's second series
Value	Details
5 reais	Release date: 27 October 2000 Occasion: 500th anniversary of Brazil's discovery by the Portuguese (1500–2000) Units produced: 15.286
20 reais	Release date: 27 October 2000 Occasion: 500th anniversary of Brazil's discovery by the Portuguese (1500–2000) Units produced: 6.558
2 reais	Release date: 12 September 2002 Occasion: 100th anniversary of the birth of Juscelino Kubitschek (1902–2002) Units produced: 11.414
20 reais	Release date: 12 September 2002 Occasion: 100th anniversary of the birth of Juscelino Kubitschek (1902–2002) Units produced: 2.499
2 reais	Release date: 12 December 2002 Occasion: 100th anniversary of the birth of Carlos Drummond de Andrade (1902–2002) Units produced: 6.959
20 reais	Release date: 12 December 2002 Occasion: 100th anniversary of the birth of Carlos Drummond de Andrade (1902–2002) Units produced: 2.499
5 reais	Release date: 20 December 2002 Occasion: Commemorating Brazil's 5th FIFA World Cup win Units produced: 9.999
20 reais	Release date: 20 December 2002 Occasion: Commemorating Brazil's 5th FIFA World Cup win Units produced: 2.499
2 reais	Release date: 2 August 2003 Occasion: 100th anniversary of the birth of Ary Barroso (1903–2003) Units produced: 4.958
20 reais	Release date: 2 August 2003 Occasion: 100th anniversary of the birth of Ary Barroso (1903–2003) Units produced: 2.481
2 reais	Release date: 18 December 2003 Occasion: 100th anniversary of the birth of Candido Portinari (1903–2003) Units produced: 2 thousand
2 reais	Release date: 30 January 2004 Occasion: 100th anniversary of FIFA (1904–2004) Units produced: 12.166
20 reais	Release date: 30 January 2004 Occasion: 100th anniversary of FIFA (1904–2004) Units produced: 4.060
2 reais	Release date: 23 October 2006 Occasion: 100th anniversary of the Santos-Dumont 14-bis' famous flight (1906–2006) Units produced: 4 thousand
2 reais	Release date: 4 April 2007 Occasion: Commemorating the 2007 Pan American Games, which took place in Rio de Janeiro Units produced: 10 thousand
5 reais	Release date: 4 April 2007 Occasion: Commemorating the 2007 Pan American Games, which took place in Rio de Janeiro Units produced: 4 thousand
5 reais	Release date: 4 April 2007 Occasion: 200th anniversary of the arrival of the Portuguese Royal Family (1808–2008) Units produced: 2 thousand
2 reais	Release date: 18 June 2008 Occasion: 100th anniversary of the first Japanese immigration to Brazil (via the Kasato Maru ship) (1908–2008) Units produced: 10 thousand
5 reais	Release date: 21 April 2010 Occasion: 50th anniversary of the foundation of Brasília, capital of Brazil (1960–2010) Units produced: 6 thousand
5 reais	Release date: 21 May 2010 Occasion: Commemorating the 2010 FIFA World Cup Units produced: 9 thousand
5 reais	Release date: 1 July 2011 Occasion: 100th anniversary of Ouro Preto, former capital of Minas Gerais (1711–2011) Units produced: 2 thousand
5 reais	Release date: 13 August 2012 Occasion: The Olympic Flag Handover for the Rio 2016 Summer Olympics Units produced: 14.127
5 reais	Release date: 29 October 2012 Occasion: Commemorating the United Nations's International Year of Cooperatives (2012) Units produced: 5 thousand
5 reais	Release date: 15 November 2012 Occasion: Commemorating the city of Goiás, former capital of the state of Goiás Units produced: 3 thousand
5 reais	Release date: 6 December 2013 Occasion: Commemorating the city of Diamantina, Minas Gerais Units produced: 3 thousand
10 reais	Release date: 29 January 2014 Occasion: Commemorating the 2014 FIFA World Cup, which took place in Brazil Units produced: 5 thousand
5 reais	Release date: 29 January 2014 Occasion: Commemorating the 2014 FIFA World Cup, which took place in Brazil Units produced (2 versions): 17.819 (mascot); 19.038 (globe)
2 reais	Release date: 29 January 2014 Occasion: Commemorating the 2014 FIFA World Cup, which took place in Brazil Units produced (6 versions): 19.959 (goalkeeper); 19.929 (chest); 19.723 (heading); 19.802 (pass); 19.952 (dribble); 19.993 (goal)
10 reais	Release date: 28 November 2014 (100 metres); 17 April 2015 (pole vault); 7 August 2015 (freestyle wrestling); 19 February 2016 (Olympic torch) Occasion: Commemorating the 2016 Summer Olympics, which took place in Rio de Janeiro Units produced: 5 thousand (each)
5 reais	Release date: 28 November 2014; 17 April 2015; 7 August 2015; 19 February 2016 Occasion: Commemorating the 2016 Summer Olympics, which took place in Rio de Janeiro Units produced (4 versions): 18.700 + 17.500 + 18 thousand + 13.850 (rowing); 18.700 + 17.500 + 17 thousand + 13.900 (cycling); 18.700 + 17.500 + 17 thousand + 13.300 (athletics); 18.700 + 17.500 + 17.759 + 13.750 (beach volleyball)
5 reais	Release date: 5 December 2014 Occasion: Commemorating the city of São Luís, capital of Maranhão Units produced: 2.980
5 reais	Release date: 3 December 2015 Occasion: Commemorating the city of Salvador, capital of Bahia Units produced: 2.785
5 reais	Release date: 25 November 2016 Occasion: Commemorating the city of Olinda, a city in Pernambuco Units produced: 2.991

Trial strike

Balsemão's trial strike, one of the few known trial strikes of the R$1 coin, nicknamed the "Real Bromélia" or "Real Balsemão"

In 2011, a collector named Pedro Pinto Balsemão claimed to have found a trial strike of the R$1, with a never before seen design, completely different from circulating 1 real coins.[17] Despite the initial skepticism, it was later confirmed via FOIA requests and interviews that Casa da Moeda do Brasil had minted trial strikes of the R$1 coin prior to the currency design change in 1998, with custom designs that were purposefully different to the final product as to avoid leaks.[18][19]

Banknotes

First series (1994–2010)

In 1994, banknotes were introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 reais. These were followed by 2 reais in 2000 and 20 reais in 2001. On 31 December 2005, BCB discontinued the production of the 1 real banknote.

First series[20]
Image		Value	Dimensions	Description
Obverse	Reverse			Obverse	Reverse
		1 real	140 mm × 65 mm	The Republic's Effigy, portrayed as a bust	Sapphire-spangled emerald hummingbird (Amazilia lactea)
		2 reais			Hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)
		5 reais			Great egret (Casmerodius albus)
		10 reais			Green-winged macaw (Ara chlorepterus)
		20 reais			Golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia)
		50 reais			Jaguar (Onça pintada, Panthera onca)
		100 reais			Dusky Grouper (Epinephelus marginatus)

Commemorative banknotes

In April 2000, in commemoration of the 500th anniversary of the Portuguese arrival on Brazilian shores, the Brazilian Central Bank released a polymer 10 real banknote that circulates along with the other banknotes above. The Brazilian Mint printed 250 million of these notes, which at the time accounted for about half of the 10 real banknotes in circulation.

Obverse	Reverse	Value	Year	Material	Description
		10 reais	2000	Polymer	Obverse: Image of Pedro Álvares Cabral, the discoverer of Brazil. Reverse: Stylized version of the map of Brazil, with pictures highlighting the ethnic and cultural plurality of the country.

Second series (2010–present)

On 3 February 2010, the Central Bank of Brazil announced the new series of the real banknotes which would begin to be released in April 2010. The new design added security enhancements in an attempt to reduce counterfeiting. The notes have different sizes according to their values to help vision-impaired people. The changes were made reflecting the growth of the Brazilian economy and the need for a stronger and safer currency. The new banknotes began to enter circulation in December 2010, coexisting with the older ones.[21][22] On July 29, 2020, the Central Bank of Brazil announced the release of the 200 reais banknote.[23] It was released into circulation on 2 September 2020.[24]

Second series
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main color	Description		Date of first issue	Watermark
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse
		2 reais	121 mm × 65 mm	Blue	Wave pattern; head of Republic	Hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)	29 July 2013	Hawksbill turtle and electrotype 2
		5 reais	128 mm x 65 mm	Purple	Plants; head of Republic	Great egret (Casmerodius albus)	29 July 2013	Great egret and electrotype 5
		10 reais	135 mm × 65 mm	Red	Plants; head of Republic	Green-winged macaw (Ara chlorepterus)	23 July 2012	Green-winged macaw and electrotype 10
		20 reais	142 mm × 65 mm	Yellow	Plants; head of Republic	Golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia)	23 July 2012	Golden lion tamarin and electrotype 20
		50 reais	149 mm × 70 mm	Brown	Jungle plants; head of Republic	Jaguar (Panthera onca)	13 December 2010	Jaguar and electrotype 50
		100 reais	156 mm × 70 mm	Cyan	Underwater plants and starfish; head of Republic; coral	Dusky Grouper (Epinephelus marginatus); coral	13 December 2010	Dusky Grouper and electrotype 100
		200 reais	142 mm × 65 mm	Grey	Savanna plants; head of Republic	Maned Wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)	2 September 2020	Maned Wolf and electrotype 200

Exchange rates

Most traded currencies by value
Currency distribution of global foreign exchange market turnover[25]

Rank	Currency	ISO 4217 code (symbol)	% of daily trades (bought or sold) (April 2019)
1	United States dollar	USD (US$)	88.3%
2	Euro	EUR (€)	32.3%
3	Japanese yen	JPY (¥)	16.8%
4	Pound sterling	GBP (£)	12.8%
5	Australian dollar	AUD (A$)	6.8%
6	Canadian dollar	CAD (C$)	5.0%
7	Swiss franc	CHF (CHF)	5.0%
8	Renminbi	CNY (元 / ¥)	4.3%
9	Hong Kong dollar	HKD (HK$)	3.5%
10	New Zealand dollar	NZD (NZ$)	2.1%
11	Swedish krona	SEK (kr)	2.0%
12	South Korean won	KRW (₩)	2.0%
13	Singapore dollar	SGD (S$)	1.8%
14	Norwegian krone	NOK (kr)	1.8%
15	Mexican peso	MXN ($)	1.7%
16	Indian rupee	INR (₹)	1.7%
17	Russian ruble	RUB (₽)	1.1%
18	South African rand	ZAR (R)	1.1%
19	Turkish lira	TRY (₺)	1.1%
20	Brazilian real	BRL (R$)	1.1%
21	New Taiwan dollar	TWD (NT$)	0.9%
22	Danish krone	DKK (kr)	0.6%
23	Polish złoty	PLN (zł)	0.6%
24	Thai baht	THB (฿)	0.5%
25	Indonesian rupiah	IDR (Rp)	0.4%
26	Hungarian forint	HUF (Ft)	0.4%
27	Czech koruna	CZK (Kč)	0.4%
28	Israeli new shekel	ILS (₪)	0.3%
29	Chilean peso	CLP (CLP$)	0.3%
30	Philippine peso	PHP (₱)	0.3%
31	UAE dirham	AED (د.إ)	0.2%
32	Colombian peso	COP (COL$)	0.2%
33	Saudi riyal	SAR (﷼)	0.2%
34	Malaysian ringgit	MYR (RM)	0.1%
35	Romanian leu	RON (L)	0.1%
Other			2.2%
Total[note 1]			200.0%

Historical exchange rate

Historical US$/BRL exchange rate with Lowest, Highest and Average rates

Historical US$/BRL exchange rate

The cost of one Euro in Brazilian real.

Brazilian Reais per US dollar 2002–2017

Year		Lowest ↓			Highest ↑			Average
		Date	Rate		Date	Rate		Rate
2002		11 April	2.264		10 October	4.005		2.9221
2003		2 July	2.818		14 February	3.700		3.078
2004		30 December	2.654		22 May	3.242		2.926
2005		11 November	2.163		15 March	2.766		2.4349
2006		5 May	2.056		24 May	2.405		2.1782
2007		14 November	1.732		5 January	2.153		1.948
2008		31 July	1.562		5 December	2.621		1.8349
2009		15 October	1.698		2 March	2.451		1.9974
2010		13 October	1.655		5 February	1.891		1.7603
2011		26 July	1.5284		22 September	1.952		1.675
2012		29 February	1.692		3 December	2.1395		1.9546
2013		11 March	1.943		21 August	2.4523		2.1576
2014		10 April	2.1825		16 December	2.7614		2.3531
2015		22 January	2.5554		23 September	4.2491		3.391
2016		25 October	3.1023		22 January	4.1737		3.430
2017		16 February	3.0390		18 May	3.4300

Date	Rate
1994-07-01	1.00
1994-10-14	0.83
1995-02-15	0.88
1995-12-29	0.97
1996-06-11	1.00
1996-12-31	1.04
1997-12-31	1.12
1998-12-31	1.20
1999-01-12	1.21
1999-01-13	1.31
1999-01-29	1.98
1999-03-03	2.16
1999-04-30	1.66
1999-12-31	1.78
2000-12-31	1.96
2001-05-02	2.23
2001-10-15	2.78
2002-01-25	2.38
2002-04-12	2.27
2002-06-27	2.83
2002-09-30	3.87
2002-10-12	3.93
2002-10-22	3.96
2002-12-27	3.53
2003-02-18	3.61
2003-06-28	2.87
2003-09-30	2.93
2003-12-28	2.93
2004-03-31	2.91
2004-05-23	3.18
2004-06-28	3.10
2004-09-30	2.85
2004-12-28	2.69
2005-02-19	2.56
2005-03-26	2.73
2005-06-28	2.38
2005-09-25	2.26
2005-11-11	2.17
2005-12-28	2.36
2006-03-27	2.15
2006-05-07	2.05
2006-12-29	2.13
2007-11-07	1.73
2008-08-01	1.56
2009-03-03	2.42
2009-10-14	1.71
2010-12-30	1.66
2011-07-23	1.53
2012-03-18	1.79
2012-08-19	2.01
2013-03-31	2.01
2013-07-13	2.26
2013-11-01	2.23
2014-01-23	2.40
2014-02-06	2.40
2014-10-23	2.50
2014-12-16	2.75
2015-01-22	2.56
2015-02-02	2.71
2015-03-06	3.05
2015-03-19	3.29
2015-04-24	2.95
2015-04-28	2.88
2015-05-08	2.97
2015-05-29	3.18
2015-08-06	3.53
2015-09-01	3.69
2015-09-04	3.80
2015-09-17	3.88
2015-09-22	4.05
2015-09-24	4.24
2015-09-25	3.97
2015-10-02	3.94
2015-10-09	3.75
2015-11-20	3.69
2015-12-03	3.74
2015-12-09	3.73
2016-02-23	3.97
2016-03-13	3.58
2016-06-30	3.18
2016-10-25	3.10
2017-02-14	3.09

Current exchange rates

Current BRL exchange rates
From Google Finance:	AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR RUB ARS
From Yahoo! Finance:	AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR RUB ARS
From XE.com:	AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR RUB ARS
From OANDA:	AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR RUB ARS
From fxtop.com:	AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR RUB ARS

See also

• Central Bank of Brazil
• Economy of Brazil
• Plano Real
• Portuguese real

Notes

1. The total sum is 200% because each currency trade always involves a currency pair; one currency is sold (e.g. US$) and another bought (€). Therefore each trade is counted twice, once under the sold currency ($) and once under the bought currency (€). The percentages above are the percent of trades involving that currency regardless of whether it is bought or sold, e.g. the U.S. Dollar is bought or sold in 88% of all trades, whereas the Euro is bought or sold 32% of the time.

References

1. "Triennial Central Bank Survey Foreign exchange turnover in April 2016" (PDF). Triennial Central Bank Survey. Basel, Switzerland: Bank for International Settlements. 11 December 2016. p. 7. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
2. BNDES: BRAZIL IN THE 1990: A SUCCESSFUL TRANSITION? page 10.
3. "Cotações e boletins". www4.bcb.gov.br. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
4. "Baixos índices de confiança na economia indicam incertezas para o pós-pandemia". Senado Federal (in Portuguese). Retrieved 30 July 2020.
5. "In pictures: The coronavirus is surging in Brazil". CNN. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
6. "Dólar sobe a R$ 5,90, bate recorde nominal e fica a 1,67% dos R$ 6". R7.com (in Portuguese). 13 May 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
7. 1 Real stainless steel coin exchange, Central Bank of Brazil.
8. Circulating commemorative coin of the FAO 50th anniversary, 10 cents, Central Bank of Brazil.
9. Circulating commemorative coin of the FAO 50th anniversary, 25 cents, Central Bank of Brazil.
10. "Moedas do Real - Comemorativas". Central Bank of Brazil. December 2019. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
11. "Moedas Comemorativas - Razões para Adquirir" [Commemorative Coins - Reasons to Acquire]. Central Bank of Brazil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 27 August 2020.
12. Castro, Fabrício de (4 November 2019). "BC coloca em circulação moedas produzidas por companhia holandesa". UOL. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
13. Circulating commemorative coin of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 50th anniversary, Central Bank of Brazil.
14. Circulating commemorative coin of Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira 100th anniversary, Central Bank of Brazil.
15. Circulating commemorative coin of the 40th anniversary of the Banco Central do Brasil, Central Bank of Brazil.
16. Real coins—commemorative, Central Bank of Brazil (in Portuguese).
17. Balsemão, Pedro Pinto (23 March 2012). "Réplica do Real 1997" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 22 December 2020.
18. Pippi, Emerson (19 December 2018). "Real Balsemão: os segredos da Bromélia" [Balsemão Real: the secrets of the Bromelia] (in Portuguese). Retrieved 22 December 2020.
19. Cruz, Felipe Branco (5 December 2017). "Qual é o nome da mulher que aparece nas cédulas de real?". UOL. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
20. "BC - Cédulas comuns" [Central Bank - Common banknotes]. Central Bank of Brazil (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 31 October 2003. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
21. Cucolo, Eduardo (13 December 2010). "Novas cédulas do real devem chegar a todas as capitais em até 48 horas" [New Real banknotes should arrive within 48 hours in all capitals]. Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese). Retrieved 14 December 2010.
22. Brazil introduces new 10- and 20-real banknotes on 23 July 2012 BanknoteNews.com. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
23. "Banco Central lançará cédula de 200 reais". Banco Central do Brasil. Retrieved 2020-07-29
24. "Cédula de R$ 200 entra em circulação hoje". Agência Brasil. Retrieved 2020-09-02
25. "Triennial Central Bank Survey Foreign exchange turnover in April 2019" (PDF). Bank for International Settlements. 16 September 2019. p. 10. Retrieved 16 September 2019.

External links

• Brazil's Currency War
• Images of historic and modern Brazilian bank notes
• "The Invention of the Real"—This American Life
• Historical banknotes of Brazil