Bridgeport Music

Bridgeport Music is a music publishing company founded in Michigan by Armen Boladian in 1969.[1] It controls the copyrights to recordings by George Clinton and Funkadelic. Bridgeport Music has filed lawsuits for copyright infringement via sampling against hundreds of defendants under the federal copyright statute, 17 U.S.C., leading to them to being often described as a "Sample troll".[2] Among others, Bridgeport has sued for sampling infringements in popular music produced by Public Enemy, N.W.A, Jay-Z and The Notorious B.I.G. - a case in which the jury awarded Bridgeport more than $4 million in damages.[3]

Notable court cases

On May 4, 2001 in Bridgeport Music, Inc. v. 11C Music, 202 F.R.D. 229' (M.D. Tenn 2001), Bridgeport Music filed a lawsuit alleging infringement of its copyrights in several sound recordings and musical compositions through sampling. It was seeking declaratory judgement, injunctive relief, and damages in around 500 different claims against approximately 800 defendants.[4] The court decided that these cases should all be tried separately, which resulted in 477 individual cases.[5] Notable cases include:

Controversy over rights

There has been some controversy over the rights of the George Clinton and Funkadelic catalogs. Clinton himself has claimed that the rights to the musical works were obtained fraudulently, by using a forged document from 1983 dealing with the transfer of the Malbiz catalog of songs.[6]

See also

References
  1. "Corporate Entity Details". Dleg.state.mi.us. 1969-01-21. Archived from the original on 2014-12-14. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
  2. Wu, Tim. "Jay-Z Versus the Sample Troll". Slate. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
  3. Gallagher, Ryan (2013-08-21). "The shady one-man corporation that's destroying hip-hop. - Slate Magazine". Slate.com. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
  4. "BRIDGEPORT MUSIC INC v. STILL THE WATER PUBLISHING, Nos. 02-5165 through 02-5175, 02-5227 through 02-5234., May 05, 2003 - US 6th Circuit | FindLaw". Caselaw.findlaw.com. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
  5. "Bridgeport Music, Inc. v. 11C Music". Casebriefs. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
  6. "George Clinton Explains How Bridgeport Allegedly Faked Documents To Get His Music Rights". Techdirt. 2011-06-17. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
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