Bubblegum Crisis

Bubblegum Crisis (Japanese: バブルガムクライシス, Hepburn: Baburugamu Kuraishisu) is a 1987 to 1991 cyberpunk original video animation (OVA) series produced by Youmex and animated by AIC and Artmic.[4] The series was planned to run for 13 episodes, but was cut short to just 8.

Bubblegum Crisis
Bubblegum Crisis poster
バブルガムクライシス (Baburugamu Kuraishisu)
Genre	Cyberpunk,[1] dystopia,[2] girls with guns[3]
Original video animation
Directed by	Katsuhito Akiyama (chief director) Yasunori Ide (#1) Ken'ichi Yatagai (#2–3) Hiroki Hayashi (#4) Masami Ōbari (#5–6) Fumihiko Takayama (#7) Hiroaki Gōda (#8)
Produced by	Junji Fujita Toru Miura
Written by	Toshimichi Suzuki
Music by	Kōji Makaino
Studio	Artmic AIC
Licensed by	^AUS Madman Entertainment (expired) ^NA AnimEigo ^UK MVM Films (expired)
Released	February 25, 1987 – January 30, 1991
Runtime	330 minutes (total) 45 minutes (#1) 28 minutes (#2) 26 minutes (#3) 38 minutes (#4) 43 minutes (#5) 49 minutes (#6–7) 52 minutes (#8)
Episodes	8
Original video animation
Bubblegum Crash!
Directed by	Hiroshi Ishiodori Hiroyuki Fukushima
Produced by	Toshimichi Suzuki
Written by	Emu Arii
Music by	Takehito Nakazawa Michihiko Oota
Studio	Artmic
Licensed by	^NA AnimEigo ^UK Manga Entertainment
Released	May 25, 1991 – December 21, 1991
Runtime	140 minutes (total) 47 minutes (#1) 44 minutes (#2) 49 minutes (#3)
Episodes	3
Related works
Bubblegum Crisis Tokyo 2040 A.D. Police Files Parasite Dolls Bubblegum Crisis (role-playing game)

The series involves the adventures of the Knight Sabers, an all-female group of mercenaries who don powered exoskeletons and fight numerous problems, most frequently rogue robots. The success of the series spawned several sequel series.

Plot

The series begins in late 2032, seven years after the Second Great Kanto earthquake has split Tokyo geographically and culturally in two. During the first episode, disparities in wealth are shown to be more pronounced than in previous periods in post-war Japan. The main adversary is Genom, a megacorporation with immense power and global influence. Its main product are boomers—artificial cybernetic life forms that are usually in the form of humans, with most of their bodies being machine; also known as "cyberoids". While Boomers are intended to serve mankind, they become deadly instruments in the hands of ruthless individuals. The AD Police are tasked to deal with Boomer-related crimes. One of the series' themes is the inability of the department to deal with threats due to political infighting, red tape, and an insufficient budget.

Setting

The setting displays strong influences from the movies Blade Runner and Streets of Fire.[5][6] The opening sequence of episode 1 is modeled on the opening sequence of Streets of Fire.[7] The humanoid robots known as "boomers" in the series also resemble Terminators cyborgs from the Terminator film.[6]

Suzuki explained in a 1993 Animerica interview the meaning behind the cryptic title: "We originally named the series 'bubblegum' to reflect a world in crisis, like a chewing-gum bubble that's about to burst."[8]

Production

The series started with Toshimichi Suzuki's intention to remake the 1982 film Techno Police 21C.[2] However, he met Junji Fujita and the two discussed ideas, and decided to collaborate on what later became Bubblegum Crisis.[2] Kenichi Sonoda acted as character designer, and designed the four female leads. Masami Ōbari created the mechanical designs.[2] Obari would also go on to direct episodes 5 and 6.

The OVA series is eight episodes long but was originally slated to run for 13 episodes.[9] Due to legal problems between Artmic and Youmex, who jointly held the rights to the series, the series was discontinued prematurely.

Voice cast

Principal cast

Character		Japanese[10][11]	English[10]
Sylia Stingray		Yoshiko Sakakibara	Jemila Ericson Loren Mash (young)
Priscilla "Priss" Asagiri		Kinuko Oomori	Sinda Nichols
Linna Yamazaki		Michie Tomizawa	Elizabeth Becka
Nene Romanova		Akiko Hiramatsu	Susan Grillo
Mackie Stingray		Nozomu Sasaki	Frank Trimble Michael Sinterniklaas (young)
Daley Wong		Kenyu Horiuchi	Marshall Caroll
Leon McNichol		Toshio Furukawa	Brad Moranz
Brian J. Mason		Shuichi Ikeda	Eric Paisley
Largo		Kazuyuki Sogabe	Pierre Brulator
Quincy Rosenkreutz		Kiyoshi Kawakubo	J. David Arnold
Chief Todo		Seiji Satou	David Kraus
Fargo		Koichi Yamadera	Geoffrey Honaker

Episodic cast

Character	Japanese[10][11]	English[10][11]
Episode 1
Chopper 3 Pilot		David Kraus
AD Police Communicator		Barbara Lewis
Commander Swarz	Teiji Omiya	Michael S. Way
Katsuhito Stingray	Hiroya Ishimaru	Kevin Dowling
Bogey	Yusaku Yara	Marc Matney
Retort	Keiichi Nanba	Marc Garber
F.G. Frederick	Juurouta Kosugi	Clifton Daniel
Deputy Commander	Shinya Ootaki	Patt Noday
Checkpoint Guard	Michitaka Kobayashi	Steve Rassin
Cynthia	Hiroko Kasahara	Maryann Webb
Female Boomer	Urara Takano	Belinda Bizic
Episode 2
Irene Chang	Miki Itou	Jean Hrdlicka
Company Man 1		Matt Sullivan
Company Man 2		Sean Clay
AD Police Officer	Masaaki Okamura	Michael Sinterniklaas
Female Boomer vocals	Urara Takano	n/a
Guard		Nathan Gray
Episode 3
Manager	Ikuya Sawaki	Mick McGovern
Sho	Kyoko Hamura	Ted Davis
Sho's Mother	Minori Matsushima	Amy Parrish
Funk	Daisuke Gouri	Marc Matney
Episode 4
Dr. Raven	Kenichi Ogata	Michael Titterton
J.B. Gibson	Kaneto Shiozawa	Mindi L. Lyons
Naomi Anderson	Mayumi Shou	Zach Hanner
Outrider	Michitaka Kobayashi	Patt Noday
Episode 5
Anri	Yuko Mizutani	Katherine Kopec-Burton
Sylvie	Yoshino Takamori	Martha Ellen Senseney
Kaufman	Ikuya Sawaki	Chuck Kinlaw
Flint	Shinya Ootaki	Jon Guttman
Captain	Michitaka Kobayashi	Jay Bryson
Lou	Yumi Touma	Tammy Starling
Meg	Tomoko Maruo	Hadley Eure
Nam	Megumi Hayashibara	Belinda Bizic
Captain	Michitaka Kobayashi	Jay Bryson
Doctor	Motomu Kiyokawa	Tom Holmes
Episode 6
Kate	Urara Takano	Emily Young-Keeley
Callahan	Shinya Ootaki	Steve Vernon
Executive 1	Ikuya Sawaki	Sean Clay
Executive 2	Kozo Shioya	Nicolas Bottom
Boomer	Michitaka Kobayashi	Zach Hanner
Episode 7
Reika Chang	Maiko Hashimoto	Mindi L. Lyons
Kou	Yasunori Matsumoto	Zach Hanner
Richard McLaren	Ikuya Sawaki	Eddie Harrell
Gulf and Bradley Chairman	Masashi Hirose	Timothy J. Walsh
Yamada	Michitaka Kobayashi	Gray Sibley
Staffer	Katsumi Suzuki	Kevin Reilly
Interviewer	Yumi Touma	Joyce Leigh Bowden
Mr. Chang	Eken Mine	Mark Fincannon
Episode 8
Lisa Vanetta	Aya Hisakawa	Amy Parrish
Naoko	Junko Asami	Belinda Bizic
Miriam Yoshida	Issei Futamata	Dick Bunting
Ebisu Operator	Kenichi Ono	Eliot Preschutti
Ebisu President	Hideyuki Umezu	David Long
Ebisu Worker	Michitaka Kobayashi	Jay Bryson
AD Police Receptionist	Chisa Yokoyama	Amanda Tancredi

Additional voices

English[10]: Amanda Tancredi, Chuck Denson Jr., Chuck Kinlaw, David Kraus, Eliot Preschutti, Gray Sibley, Hadley Eure, Hank Troscianiec, J. Patrick Lawlor, Jack Bowden, Jay Bryson, Kevin Reilly, Marc Garber, Marc Matney, Michael Sinterniklaas, Scott Simpson, Sean Clay, Sophia Tolar, Steve Lalla, Steve Rassin, Steve Vernon, Zach Hanner

Episodes

No.	Title	Runtime	Japan first release dates[12]	English first release dates
1	"Tinsel City"	45 minutes	February 25, 1987	August 30, 1991
The Knight Sabers are hired to rescue a little girl from a group of kidnappers, but the girl is far more than she seems...
2	"Born to Kill"	28 minutes	September 5, 1987	September 27, 1991
A friend of Linna's threatens to expose Genom secrets that led to the death of her fiancé, but Genom plans to silence her, first.
3	"Blow Up"	26 minutes	December 5, 1987	October 10, 1991
The Knight Sabers attack Genom Tower to put an end to the machinations of Genom executive Brian J. Mason.
4	"Revenge Road"	38 minutes	July 24, 1988	December 19, 1991
A racer modifies his car into a weapon of vengeance against the biker gangs of Megatokyo, but the car soon develops a mind of its own.
5	"Moonlight Rambler"	43 minutes	December 25, 1988	January 23, 1992
A killer is draining victims of their blood, but this is no vampire. And what do a pair of escaped love-doll androids, Priss's new friend Sylvie and the D.D. super-weapon have to do with it?
6	"Red Eyes"	49 minutes	August 30, 1989	February 27, 1992
A group of fake Knight Sabers are ruining the group's reputation, leading to a fight against a returning foe.
7	"Double Vision"	49 minutes	March 14, 1990	March 19, 1992
A singer with a vendetta comes to Megatokyo, and brings some heavy firepower with her.
8	"Scoop Chase"	52 minutes	January 30, 1991	April 2, 1992
An ambitious technical scientist and an aspiring reporter both plan to make their names at the expense of the Knight Sabers, and of all people, Nene is caught right in the middle.

Release

In North America, AnimEigo first released Bubblegum Crisis to VHS and Laserdisc in 1991 in Japanese with English subtitles. The series is notable in that it was one of the few early anime series that were brought over from Japan unedited and subtitled in English. While anime has become much more popular in the years since, in 1991, it was still mostly unknown as a storytelling medium in North America. Bubblegum Crisis was aired in the US when it first aired on PBS affiliate Superstation KTEH in the 1990s, and STARZ!'s Action Channel in 2000.

An English dub of the series was produced beginning in 1994 by AnimEigo through Southwynde Studios in Wilmington, NC, and released to VHS and Laserdisc beginning that year. A digitally-remastered compilation, featuring bilingual audio tracks and production extras, was released on DVD in 2004 by AnimEigo. The company later successfully crowdfunded a collector's edition Blu-ray release through Kickstarter in November 2013.[13] The series was released on a regular edition Blu-ray on September 25, 2018. The series is currently available for streaming on Night Flight Plus.

Soundtracks

There are eight soundtrack releases (one per OVA), as well as numerous "vocal" albums which feature songs "inspired by" the series as well as many drawn directly from it.

Legacy

Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the Bubblegum Crisis OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for their harem series Tenchi Muyo! Ryo-Ohki. In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described Bubblegum Crisis as "a pretty gloomy anime. Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo." They thought it would be fun to create some comedy episodes with ideas like the girls going to the hot springs, but it was rejected by the sponsors. He also said that there was a trend to have a bunch of characters of one gender and a single one of the other gender, and asked what if Mackey (Sylia's brother) was a main character, reversing the Bubblegum scenario. This idea then became the basis for Tenchi. Hayashi said that Mackey is "sort of" the original model for Tenchi.[14]

Kevin Siembieda's becoming aware of "Boomers" being already in use in this caused him to changed his planned name for the Rifts RPG which he had named after the "Boom Gun"–wielding power armor which was also renamed to Glitter Boy.[15]

Spin-offs

Bubblegum Crash

DVD cover from Bubblegum Crash Total Crash Collection

The success of the series spawned several sequel series. The first of them was the three-part OVA Bubblegum Crash (バブルガムクラッシュ!, Baburugamu Kurasshu!). After the split between Artmic and Youmex, Artmic proceeded to make a sequel on their own, Bubblegum Crash, which ran three OVA episodes and is conjectured that it was a shortened version of how Crisis was to end. Youmex promptly sued Artmic, cutting Crash short and tying the entire franchise up in legal issues for the next several years.

It is set in 2034, and the Knight Sabers seem to be finished; each of its members—except Nene—have seemingly drifted off to pursue their own goals. But at the same time, parts of a unique artificial intelligence are stolen by several villains acting under the orders of a mysterious voice. Unexpectedly, Sylia resurfaces and prepares her teammates for battle. And as a gigantic machine drills its way to Mega Tokyo's main nuclear power plant, they meet again with an old and deadly enemy.

Voice cast

Voice cast

Character	Japanese[16]	English
		AnimEigo[16]	Manga UK[17]
Principal cast
Sylia Stingray	Yoshiko Sakakibara	Jemila Ericson	Tamsin Hollo ("Louise Russell")
Priscilla "Priss" Asagiri	Ryoko Tachikawa	Sinda Nichols	Julia Brahms
Linna Yamazaki	Michie Tomizawa	Elizabeth Becka	Stacey Gregg
Nene Romanova	Akiko Hiramatsu	Susan Grillo	Barbara Barnes
Leon McNichol	Toshio Furukawa	Brad Moranz	Matthew Sharp
Daley Wong	Kenyu Horiuchi	Marshall Carroll	Michael McGhee
Largo	Kazuyuki Sogabe	Pierre Brulatour	Stuart Milligan
Episode 1
Bogarde	Kiyoyuki Yanada	Scott Simpson
Waitress Boomer	Takako Kikuchi	Jenny Moranz
A.D. Police Chief	Akira Murayama	Matt Sullivan
Manager	Kiyonobu Suzuki	Marc Garber
DJ Tommy	Kiyonobu Suzuki	Stan Norman
Colonel Lando	Taro Arakawa	Phil Loch ("Phil Locke")
Episode 2
Dr. Haynes	Tomomichi Nishimura	Sam Burke
Dr. Yuri	Hideyuki Umezu	Gray Sibley
Detective	Wataru Takagi	Grenoldo Frazier
Announcer		Patt Noday
Soldier	Takkou Ishimori	Basile
Adama	Minami Takayama	Loren Mash
Street Kid	Takko Ishimori	Noah Shane
Episode 3
Foreman	Nobuaki Sekine	Basile
Mackie Stingray	Nozomu Sasaki	Frank Trimble	Adam Henderson
Youth	Wataru Takagi	Nicholas Michaels
A.D. Police Officer	Toshiyuki Morikawa	Noah Shane
Boomer	Norio Tsuboi	Zaharoula Katsikis
Power Plant Chief	Ichirou Murakoshi	Chuck Kinlaw

Additional voices

Japanese:[16] Norio Tsukui, Takako Kikuchi, Toshiyuki Morikawa

English (AnimEigo):[16] Amanda Tancredi, Chuck Kinlaw, Grenoldo Frazier, Jack Bowden, Lou Criscuolo, Matthew Alexander, Michael Sinterniklaas, Scott Simpson, Sean Clay, Sophia Tolar, Steve Vernon, Zach Hanner

Episodes

#	Title	Japanese release date	English release date
1	"Illegal Army"	May 25, 1991	November 14, 1991
The Knight Sabers re-unite after a period of absence to handle the emergence of a mysterious group of former soldiers with mecha suits.
2	"Geo Climbers"	July 25, 1991	February 15, 1992
Dr. Yuri, Dr. Stingray's former colleague, seizes a 2nd generation boomer named Adama that Dr. Stingray's successor, Dr. Haynes, created.
3	"Melt Down"	December 21, 1991	April 15, 1992
A virus mysteriously infects all boomers, making them go rogue. Who is behind all of it? The final episode of the Crash OAV series.

Other shows

• A.D. Police Files is a three-part original video animation prequel produced by Youmex and animated by Artmic and AIC, released in 1990. It takes place in the original Bubblegum universe.
• A.D. Police: To Protect and Serve is 12-episode anime television series released in 1999 and is a sequel to A.D. Police Files.
• Bubblegum Crisis Tokyo 2040 is a 26-episode anime television series broadcast in 1998–1999. It is a reboot of the original series.
• Parasite Dolls is a three-part original video animation series made in 2003 and set in the original Bubblegum universe.

Crossover appearances

In 1993, it appeared on Scramble Wars, a crossover event between Bubblegum Crisis, Gall Force, Genesis Survivor Gaiarth, AD Police and Riding Bean.

Other media

RPGs

• Bubblegum Crisis role-playing game produced by R. Talsorian Games. It introduces an alternate setting named "Bubblegum Crossfire", basing on a premise that data units with hardsuit blueprints have been sent to more individuals than just Sylia Stingray, resulting in that by 2033 there are numerous Knight Saber-like groups spread all over the globe. RTG's license to produce this game has expired and at present all copies of back stock have been sold.
  • "Bubblegum Crisis: Before and After" (covering material from A.D. Police Files and Bubblegum Crash)
  • "Bubblegum Crisis EX" which includes completely new materials (also incorporating early design concepts for BGC mecha and hardsuits as new variants)

Novels

The series' creator Toshimichi Suzuki wrote two novels:

• Bubblegum Crisis Vol. 1: Silent Fanfare, Fujimi Shobo
• Bubblegum Crisis Vol. 2: Break Down-48, Fujimi Shobo

Comic book

In Japan, a number of comic books were produced that featured characters and storylines based in the same universe. Some were very much thematically linked to the OVA series, while others were "one-shots" or comedy features. A number of artists participated in the creation of these comics, including Kenichi Sonoda, who had produced the original Knight Saber character designs. A North American comic based in the Bubblegum Crisis Universe was published in English by Dark Horse Comics.

• Go! Go! Sabers!, a comic by Tokio Kazuka.
• Soldier Blue, a comic by Toshimichi Suzuki. It serves as a prequel to Bubblegum Crash! It was also made as an audio drama. It was translated into English language in 1997 by R.Talsorian Games. A copy of the translated dialogue can be found here.
• Bubblegum Crisis: Grand Mal produced by Adam Warren via Dark Horse Comics.[18][19]

Video games

• Crime Wave: a game for PC-88, set in Megatokyo and featuring Knight Sabers as the main characters.[20]
• Bubblegum Crash: a game for TurboGrafx-16.[21]

Live-action movie

In May 2009 it was announced that a live-action movie of "Bubblegum Crisis" was in the early stages of production. A production agreement was signed at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival.[4][22][23][24] The film was expected to be released in late 2012 with a budget of 30 million.[4] The production staff was said to have consulted with the original anime's staff members, Shinji Aramaki and Kenichi Sonoda, to help maintain consistency with the world of the original.[25] However, no further developments have been announced.

References

1. Henderson, Tim (August 9, 2007). "Bubblegum Crisis 2032 Collection DVD - Review". Anime News Network. Retrieved January 6, 2020. Straight-up action cyberpunk helmed by a group of hard-suit wearing female vigilantes known as the Knight Sabres, Bubblegum Crisis has aged amazingly well, and it's been aging for a while now as its first chapter dates back a full twenty years to 1987.
2. "Animerica: Animerica Feature: Bubblegum Crisis". 2004-04-07. Archived from the original on 2004-04-07. Retrieved 2019-10-23 – via web.archive.org.
3. "Bubblegum Crisis Collection VHS - Review". Anime News Network. Retrieved January 6, 2020. Bubblegum Crisis is, quite simply, an institution to the anime world. Probably the best-known Girls-With-Guns anime
4. Cannes 09: Bubblegum Crisis: The Movie - IGN, retrieved 2019-10-23
5. "Animerica: Animerica Feature: Bubblegum Crisis". 2004-02-12. Archived from the original on 2004-02-12. Retrieved 2019-10-23.
6. "Film Monthly.com – Bubblegum Crisis Retrospective: Part I". www.filmmonthly.com. Retrieved 2019-10-23.
7. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-09-05. Retrieved 2015-04-08.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
8. Horibuchi, Seiji (May 1993). "The Animerica interview: Toshimichi Suzuki". Animerica. 1 (3).
9. "Specials - Anime in Retrospect: Bubblegum Crisis". Animefringe. December 2005. Retrieved 2019-10-23.
10. "Bubblegum Crisis". AnimEigo. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
11. "Bubblegum Crisis (OVA)". Behind The Voice Actors. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
12. "Bubblegum Crisis [商品紹介:Video/Ld]". Anime-int.com. Archived from the original on 2009-06-12. Retrieved 2009-05-15.
13. "Bubblegum Crisis Ultimate Edition Blu-Ray Set". Kickstarter. Retrieved 2019-10-23.
14. "Interview with Hiroki Hayashi". AIC Anime English Website. Anime International Company. February 2011. Archived from the original on July 5, 2011.
15. Rifts Ultimate Edition.
16. "Bubblegum Crash". AnimEigo. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
17. "Bubblegum Crash (OVA)". Behind The Voice Actors. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
18. "Bubblegum Crisis: Grand Mal #1 (of 4) :: Profile :: Dark Horse Comics". www.darkhorse.com. Retrieved 2017-10-10.
19. trebor (2000-06-28). "Mason Largo Theory Part 2 [WAS Re: [INFO] ANOTHER BUBBLEGUMCRISIS FAQ (Part 3/3)]". Newsgroup: alt.fan.bgcrisis. Usenet: [email protected]. Retrieved 2009-05-15.
22. "channelnewsasia.com". channelnewsasia.com. 2008-11-13. Retrieved 2009-05-15.
23. "AIC Agrees to Live-Action Bubblegum Crisis Proposal (Updated)". Anime News Network. 2009-05-11. Retrieved 2009-05-15.
24. "Pre-Production Bubblegum Crisis Film Image Posted". Anime News Network. 2009-05-11. Retrieved 2009-05-15.
25. "2012 Bubblegum Crisis Film Planned with Caucasian/Asian Cast (Updated)". News. Anime News Network. 2009-05-14. Retrieved 2009-07-05.

External links

• AnimEigo's Bubblegum Crisis website
• Bubblegum Crisis – AIC's official Bubblegum Crisis page (in Japanese)
• Bubblegum Crisis (anime) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia
• Bubblegum Crisis at IMDb