Busycon

Busycon is a genus of very large edible sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Busyconinae. These snails are commonly known in the United States as whelks or Busycon whelks. Less commonly they are loosely, and somewhat misleadingly, called "conchs".[1]

Busycon
A fossil shell of Busycon contrarium
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Neogastropoda
Superfamily: Buccinoidea
Family: Buccinidae
Subfamily: Busyconinae
Genus: Busycon
Röding, 1798
Type species
Busycon muricatum
Röding, 1798
Species

See text

Synonyms

Fulgur Montfort, 1810

Busycon comes from the Greek bousykon meaning large fig, from bous meaning cow and sykon meaning fig.[2]

Shell description

Shells of species in this genus can grow to a length of 40 cm. They all have a long siphonal canal.

The shells are generally a solid cream, light grey or tan in color, however the shell of the lightning whelk is marked with brown and white streaks.

The shell of individuals can sometimes vary quite widely in coloration and sculpture.

Behavior

Busycon whelks are scavengers and carnivores, equipped with a proboscis tipped with a file-like radula used to bore holes through the shells of barnacles, clams, crabs, and lobsters. They have a large, muscular foot with which they hold their victims. Small sharks, gulls, crabs, and other gastropods are known to feed upon them.

The knobbed whelk, Busycon carica, is the second-largest species, growing up to 30 cm long. They have tubercles (spines) along the shoulder. They open clams with their muscular foot and insert their long proboscis to digest the flesh. The knobbed whelk is a common predator of the foreshore mudflats as far offshore as 50 m.

Eggs

Strings of Busycon whelk egg capsules commonly wash ashore and desiccate, becoming brittle. These objects are sometimes called mermaid's necklaces because they resemble a large necklace strung with medallion-shaped egg pouches. Each pouch of the string contains numerous protoconchs (baby whelks), similar in appearance to adults but with fewer whorls and less sculpture.

Human use

When used for cooking in the United States, busycon whelks are sometimes called scungilli, an Italian-American adaptation of the Neapolitan sconciglio which means the meat of a (usually edible) sea snail.

Species

The genus Busycon contains the following species:[3]

Species brought into synonymy
  • Busycon (Sinistrofulgur) aspinosum Hollister, 1958: synonym of Sinistrofulgur sinistrum (Hollister, 1958)
  • Busycon (Sinistrofulgur) perversum (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Sinistrofulgur perversum (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Busycon (Sinistrofulgur) sinistrum Hollister, 1958: synonym of Sinistrofulgur sinistrum (Hollister, 1958)
  • Busycon amoenum Conrad, 1875: synonym of Brachysycon amoenum (Conrad, 1875) †
  • Busycon blakei Conrad, 1855 †: synonym of Pseudoperissolax blakei (Conrad, 1855) †
  • Busycon candelabrum Lamarck, 1816 - Splendid whelk: synonym of Lindafulgur candelabrum (Lamarck, 1816)
  • Busycon coarctatum (Sowerby I, 1825): synonym of Busycoarctum coarctatum (G.B. Sowerby I, 1825)
  • Busycon laeostomum Kent, 1982 - Snow whelk: synonym of Sinistrofulgur laeostomum (Kent, 1982)
  • Busycon lindajoyceae Petuch, 1991 †: synonym of Lindafulgur lindajoyceae (Petuch, 1991) †
  • Busycon lyonsi Petuch, 1987: synonym of Lindafulgur lyonsi (Petuch, 1987)
  • Busycon muricatum Röding, 1798: synonym of Busycon carica (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Busycon perversum - Lightning whelk: synonym of Sinistrofulgur perversum (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Busycon plagosum Conrad, 1862: synonym of Fulguropsis plagosa (Conrad, 1863)
  • Busycon pulleyi - Prickly whelk: synonym of Sinistrofulgur pulleyi (Hollister, 1958)
  • Busycon sinistrum Hollister, 1958: synonym of Sinistrofulgur sinistrum (Hollister, 1958)

The following species have been moved from Busycon to the genus Busycotypus

References
  1. Bouchet, P. (2015). Busycon Röding, 1798. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160183 on 2015-12-03
  2. "busycon". Merriam-Webster Unabridged. Archived from the original on 2011-07-10. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
  3. list of Busycon species at malacolog.org
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