Caladenia cairnsiana

Caladenia cairnsiana, commonly known as the zebra orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a common and widespread orchid distinguished by its red-striped labellum, and petals and lateral which are pressed against the ovary.

Zebra orchid
Caladenia cairnsiana growing in Helms arboretum near Esperance
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Diurideae
Genus: Caladenia
Species:
C. cairnsiana
Binomial name
Caladenia cairnsiana
Synonyms[1]
  • Calonema cairnsianum (F.Muell.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
  • Phlebochilus cairnsiana (F.Muell.) Szlach.
  • Calonemorchis cairnsiana (F.Muell.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
  • Jonesiopsis cairnsiana (F.Muell.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.

Description

Caladenia cairnsiana is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and which is usually found in scattered groups or sometimes in clumps of more than ten. It has a single hairy leaf, 6–20 mm (0.2–0.8 in) long and about 6 mm (0.2 in) wide. There are one or two flowers on the end of a stalk 15–30 cm (6–10 in) tall, each flower 20–30 mm (0.8–1 in) long and about 10 mm (0.4 in) wide. The flowers are greenish-yellow with red markings. The lateral sepals and the petals hang down against the ovary. The labellum is inclined upwards, is red-striped, has a smooth edge and a glandular tip. In the centre of the labellum is a band of deep purple-red calli. Flowering occurs between August and early November and is followed by a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds.[2][3][4]

Taxonomy and naming

Caladenia cairnsiana was first described by Ferdinand von Mueller in 1868 in Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae from specimens collected in the Stirling Range.[1][5] The specific epithet (cairnsiana) honours Reverend Adam Cairns.[2]

Distribution and habitat

The zebra orchid is widespread and common, between Esperance and Lancelin in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest, Mallee, Swan Coastal Plain and Warren biogeographic regions. It grows in sand, laterite or loam in forest, woodland and heath.[2][3][6]

Conservation

Caladenia cairnsiana is classified as "Not Threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.[6]

References
  1. "Caladenia cairnsiana". APNI. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  2. Brown, Andrew; Dixon, Kingsley; French, Christopher; Brockman, Garry (2013). Field guide to the orchids of Western Australia : the definitive guide to the native orchids of Western Australia. Simon Nevill Publications. p. 136. ISBN 9780980348149.
  3. Hoffman, Noel; Brown, Andrew (2011). Orchids of South-West Australia (3rd ed.). Gooseberry Hill: Noel Hoffman. p. 161. ISBN 9780646562322.
  4. "Caladenia". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  5. von Mueller, Ferdinand (1869). Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae (Volume 7). Melbourne. p. 31. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  6. "Caladenia cairnsiana". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
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