Caladenia pallida

Caladenia pallida, commonly known as the rosy spider orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to Tasmania. It has a single dark green, hairy leaf and one or two yellowish to bright, rosy pink flowers. Individual plants of this species have not been seen since 1987.

Rosy spider orchid
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Diurideae
Genus: Caladenia
Species:
C. pallida
Binomial name
Caladenia pallida
Synonyms[1]

Description

Caladenia pallida is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with a small underground tuber. It has a single, dark green, very hairy, lance-shaped leaf, 80–140 mm (3–6 in) long and 70–80 mm (2.8–3.1 in) wide. One or two yellowish to bright, rosy pink flowers about 45 mm (2 in) across are borne on a stalk 150–400 mm (6–20 in) tall. The sepals have dark glandular tips 5–20 mm (0.2–0.8 in) long. The dorsal sepal is erect, 30–45 mm (1–2 in) long and 3–4 mm (0.1–0.2 in) wide. The lateral sepals are 30–45 mm (1–2 in) long, 3–5 mm (0.1–0.2 in) wide and spread widely and stiffly but with drooping tips. The petals are 20–25 mm (0.8–1 in) long and about 2 mm (0.08 in) wide, and arranged like the lateral sepals. The labellum is 9–11 mm (0.35–0.43 in) long, 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) wide and has its tip rolled under. There are five to eight linear teeth up to 2 mm (0.08 in) long on each side of the labellum and four rows of hockey stick-shaped calli along its mid-line. Flowering occurs in October and November.[2][3]

Taxonomy and naming

Caladenia pallida was first described in 1840 by John Lindley and the description was published in The Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants.[1][4] The specific epithet (pallida) is a Latin word meaning "ashen", "pale" or "wan".[5]

Distribution and habitat

The rosy spider orchid has mostly been recorded in the central north and north-west of Tasmania, growing in open forest[2] although the last sighting of the species was in 1987 on private land. Earlier collections were made between Hobart and New Norfolk.[6]

Conservation

Caladenia pallida is classified as "Critically Endangered" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and as "Endangered" under the Tasmanian Government Threatened Species Protection Act 1995. The main threats to the species are thought to be accidental damage due to the small population size, climate change and inappropriate fire regimes.[6]

References
  1. "Caladenia pallida". APNI. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
  2. Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 73. ISBN 1877069124.
  3. Jones, David L. (1998). "Contributions to Tasmanian Orchidology - 2". Australian Orchid Research. 3: 36–37.
  4. Lindley, John (1840). The Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants. London: Ridgways. p. 421. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
  5. Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 585.
  6. "Tasmanian Threatened Species Listing Statement Caladenia pallida" (PDF). Tasmanian Government Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment.
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