Caladenia stellata

Caladenia stellata, commonly known as the starry spider orchid is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single, hairy leaf and usually only one greenish-cream flower with red markings.

Starry spider orchid
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Diurideae
Genus: Caladenia
Species:
C. stellata
Binomial name
Caladenia stellata
Synonyms[1]
  • Arachnorchis stellata (D.L.Jones) D.L.Jones and M.A.Clem.
  • Calonema stellatum (D.L.Jones) Szlach.
  • Calonemorchis stellata (D.L.Jones) Szlach.

Description

Caladenia stellata is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber. It has a single, dull green, hairy, linear leaf, 60–150 mm long and 5–10 mm wide with reddish-purple blotches near its base. Usually only one flower about 40 mm across is borne on a spike 120–300 mm tall. The flowers are greenish cream and the sepals have thick, dark red, club-like glandular tips 5–10 mm long. The dorsal sepal is erect, 25–40 mm long, 1–3 mm wide and curves gently forwards. The lateral sepals are 26–40 mm long and 2–4 mm wide and spread widely, curving slightly downwards. The petals are 20–30 mm long, about 2 mm wide and curve downwards. The labellum is 12–18 mm long, 7–13 mm wide, and greenish-cream with a dark red tip. The sides of the labellum turn upwards, the tip is curled under and there are six to eight short linear teeth on each side. There are four rows of dark red, club-shaped calli along the mid-line of the labellum. Flowering occurs from August to October.[2][3][4]

Taxonomy and naming

Caladenia stellata was first formally described in 1991 by David Jones and the description was published in Australian Orchid Research.[1] The specific epithet (stellata) is a Latin word meaning "starry",[5] referring to the star-like spreading of the lateral sepals and petals.[4]

Distribution and habitat

The starry spider orchid occurs in New South Wales south from Rankins Springs and in eastern South Australia where it grows usually grows in Callitris woodland.[2][3][4] The South Australian plants may belong to a separate species.[6]

Ecology

Males of the wasp species Phymatothynnus nitidus have been shown to be the pollinator of this orchid when they attempt to mate with the flower.[7]

References
  1. "Caladenia stellata". APNI. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  2. Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 76. ISBN 1877069124.
  3. Bernhardt, Peter. "Caladenia stellata". Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney: plantnet. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  4. Jones, David L. (1991). "New taxa of Australian Orchidaceae". Australian Orchid Research. 2: 33–34.
  5. Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 750.
  6. "It's Not Extinct at Ferris-McDonald After All". Native Orchid Society of South Australia. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  7. van der Cingel, Nelis A. (2001). An Atlas of Orchid Pollination - America, Africa, Asia and Australia. Rotterdam: A.A.Balkema. p. 199. ISBN 9054104864.
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